Claudia De Lazzari, Harshit J. Motwani, Tim Seynnaeve
The variety of uniform matrix product states arises both in algebraic geometry as a natural generalization of the Veronese variety, and in quantum many-body physics as a model for a translation-invariant system of sites placed on a ring. Using methods from linear algebra, representation theory, and invariant theory of matrices, we study the linear span of this variety.
{"title":"The Linear Span of Uniform Matrix Product States","authors":"Claudia De Lazzari, Harshit J. Motwani, Tim Seynnaeve","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.099","url":null,"abstract":"The variety of uniform matrix product states arises both in algebraic geometry as a natural generalization of the Veronese variety, and in quantum many-body physics as a model for a translation-invariant system of sites placed on a ring. Using methods from linear algebra, representation theory, and invariant theory of matrices, we study the linear span of this variety.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"157 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41290771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The branching rule is one of the most fundamental properties of the Macdonald symmetric polynomials. It expresses a Macdonald polynomial as a nonnegative linear combination of Macdonald polynomials with smaller number of variables. Taking a limit of the branching rule under the principal specialization when the number of variables goes to infinity, we obtain a Markov chain of $m$ noncolliding particles with negative drift and an absorbing wall at zero. The chain depends on the Macdonald parameters $(q,t)$ and may be viewed as a discrete deformation of the Dyson Brownian motion. The trajectory of the Markov chain is equivalent to a certain Gibbs ensemble of plane partitions with an arbitrary cascade front wall. In the Jack limit $t=q^{beta/2}to 1$ the absorbing wall disappears, and the Macdonald noncolliding walks turn into the $beta$-noncolliding random walks studied by Huang [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021 (2021), 5898-5942, arXiv:1708.07115]. Taking $q=0$ (Hall-Littlewood degeneration) and further sending $tto 1$, we obtain a continuous time particle system on $mathbb{Z}_{ge 0}$ with inhomogeneous jump rates and absorbing wall at zero.
{"title":"Noncolliding Macdonald Walks with an Absorbing Wall","authors":"L. Petrov","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.079","url":null,"abstract":"The branching rule is one of the most fundamental properties of the Macdonald symmetric polynomials. It expresses a Macdonald polynomial as a nonnegative linear combination of Macdonald polynomials with smaller number of variables. Taking a limit of the branching rule under the principal specialization when the number of variables goes to infinity, we obtain a Markov chain of $m$ noncolliding particles with negative drift and an absorbing wall at zero. The chain depends on the Macdonald parameters $(q,t)$ and may be viewed as a discrete deformation of the Dyson Brownian motion. The trajectory of the Markov chain is equivalent to a certain Gibbs ensemble of plane partitions with an arbitrary cascade front wall. In the Jack limit $t=q^{beta/2}to 1$ the absorbing wall disappears, and the Macdonald noncolliding walks turn into the $beta$-noncolliding random walks studied by Huang [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021 (2021), 5898-5942, arXiv:1708.07115]. Taking $q=0$ (Hall-Littlewood degeneration) and further sending $tto 1$, we obtain a continuous time particle system on $mathbb{Z}_{ge 0}$ with inhomogeneous jump rates and absorbing wall at zero.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heckenberger introduced the Weyl groupoid of a finite-dimensional Nichols algebra of diagonal type. We replace the matrix of its braiding by a higher tensor and present a construction which yields further Weyl groupoids. Abelian cohomology theory gives evidence for the existence of a higher braiding associated to such a tensor.
{"title":"Higher Braidings of Diagonal Type","authors":"M. Cuntz, Tobias Ohrmann","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"Heckenberger introduced the Weyl groupoid of a finite-dimensional Nichols algebra of diagonal type. We replace the matrix of its braiding by a higher tensor and present a construction which yields further Weyl groupoids. Abelian cohomology theory gives evidence for the existence of a higher braiding associated to such a tensor.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42398921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show that representations of the Thompson group F in the automorphisms of a noncommutative probability space yield a large class of bilateral stationary noncommutative Markov processes. As a partial converse, bilateral stationary Markov processes in tensor dilation form yield representations of F. As an application, and building on a result of Kümmerer, we canonically associate a representation of F to a bilateral stationary Markov process in classical probability.
{"title":"Markovianity and the Thompson Group F","authors":"Claus Kostler, Arundhathi Krishnan","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.083","url":null,"abstract":"We show that representations of the Thompson group F in the automorphisms of a noncommutative probability space yield a large class of bilateral stationary noncommutative Markov processes. As a partial converse, bilateral stationary Markov processes in tensor dilation form yield representations of F. As an application, and building on a result of Kümmerer, we canonically associate a representation of F to a bilateral stationary Markov process in classical probability.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ebrahimi-Fard, F. Patras, N. Tapia, L. Zambotti
We study a particular group law on formal power series in non-commuting variables induced by their interpretation as linear forms on a suitable graded connected word Hopf algebra. This group law is left-linear and is therefore associated to a pre-Lie structure on formal power series. We study these structures and show how they can be used to recast in a group theoretic form various identities and transformations on formal power series that have been central in the context of non-commutative probability theory, in particular in Voiculescu's theory of free probability.
{"title":"Shifted Substitution in Non-Commutative Multivariate Power Series with a View Toward Free Probability","authors":"K. Ebrahimi-Fard, F. Patras, N. Tapia, L. Zambotti","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2023.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2023.038","url":null,"abstract":"We study a particular group law on formal power series in non-commuting variables induced by their interpretation as linear forms on a suitable graded connected word Hopf algebra. This group law is left-linear and is therefore associated to a pre-Lie structure on formal power series. We study these structures and show how they can be used to recast in a group theoretic form various identities and transformations on formal power series that have been central in the context of non-commutative probability theory, in particular in Voiculescu's theory of free probability.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49311822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. We calculate the cohomology of sl 3 ( k ) over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p > 3 with coefficients in simple modules and Weyl modules. We also give descriptions of the corresponding cohomology of gl 3 ( k ).
{"title":"Cohomology of sl3 and gl3 with Coefficients in Simple Modules and Weyl Modules in Positive Characteristics","authors":"S. Ibraev","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.026","url":null,"abstract":". We calculate the cohomology of sl 3 ( k ) over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p > 3 with coefficients in simple modules and Weyl modules. We also give descriptions of the corresponding cohomology of gl 3 ( k ).","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43757512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a given base space $M$ (spacetime), we consider the Guichardet space over the Guichardet space over $M$. Here we develop a ''field calculus'' based on the Guichardet integral. This is the natural setting in which to describe Green function relations for Boson systems. Here we can follow the suggestion of Schwinger and develop a differential (local field) approach rather than the integral one pioneered by Feynman. This is helped by a DEFG (Dyson-Einstein-Feynman-Guichardet) shorthand which greatly simplifies expressions. This gives a convenient framework for the formal approach of Schwinger and Tomonaga as opposed to Feynman diagrams. The Dyson-Schwinger is recast in this language with the help of bosonic creation/annihilation operators. We also give the combinatorial approach to tree-expansions.
{"title":"Field Calculus: Quantum and Statistical Field Theory without the Feynman Diagrams","authors":"J. Gough","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.044","url":null,"abstract":"For a given base space $M$ (spacetime), we consider the Guichardet space over the Guichardet space over $M$. Here we develop a ''field calculus'' based on the Guichardet integral. This is the natural setting in which to describe Green function relations for Boson systems. Here we can follow the suggestion of Schwinger and develop a differential (local field) approach rather than the integral one pioneered by Feynman. This is helped by a DEFG (Dyson-Einstein-Feynman-Guichardet) shorthand which greatly simplifies expressions. This gives a convenient framework for the formal approach of Schwinger and Tomonaga as opposed to Feynman diagrams. The Dyson-Schwinger is recast in this language with the help of bosonic creation/annihilation operators. We also give the combinatorial approach to tree-expansions.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46589220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his twistor-particle programme of the 1970's, Roger Penrose introduced a representation of the massive particle phase space in terms of a pair of twistors subject to an internal symmetry group. Here we use this representation to introduce a chiral string whose target is a complexification of this space, extended so as to incorporate supersymmetry. We show that the gauge anomalies associated to the internal symmetry group vanish only for maximal supersymmetry, and that correlators in these string models describe amplitudes involving massive particles with manifest supersymmetry. The models and amplitude formulae exhibit a double copy structure from gauge theory on the Coulomb branch to gravity, although the graviton remains massless. The formulae are closely related to those obtained earlier by the authors expressed in terms of the polarised scattering equations.
{"title":"From Twistor-Particle Models to Massive Amplitudes","authors":"G. Albonico, Yvonne Geyer, L. Mason","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.045","url":null,"abstract":"In his twistor-particle programme of the 1970's, Roger Penrose introduced a representation of the massive particle phase space in terms of a pair of twistors subject to an internal symmetry group. Here we use this representation to introduce a chiral string whose target is a complexification of this space, extended so as to incorporate supersymmetry. We show that the gauge anomalies associated to the internal symmetry group vanish only for maximal supersymmetry, and that correlators in these string models describe amplitudes involving massive particles with manifest supersymmetry. The models and amplitude formulae exhibit a double copy structure from gauge theory on the Coulomb branch to gravity, although the graviton remains massless. The formulae are closely related to those obtained earlier by the authors expressed in terms of the polarised scattering equations.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42234601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the non-perturbative quantum geometry of the open and closed topological string on the resolved conifold and its mirror. Our tools are finite difference equations in the open and closed string moduli and the resurgence analysis of their formal power series solutions. In the closed setting, we derive new finite difference equations for the refined partition function as well as its Nekrasov-Shatashvili (NS) limit. We write down a distinguished analytic solution for the refined difference equation that reproduces the expected non-perturbative content of the refined topological string. We compare this solution to the Borel analysis of the free energy in the NS limit. We find that the singularities of the Borel transform lie on infinitely many rays in the Borel plane and that the Stokes jumps across these rays encode the associated Donaldson-Thomas invariants of the underlying Calabi-Yau geometry. In the open setting, the finite difference equation corresponds to a canonical quantization of the mirror curve. We analyze this difference equation using Borel analysis and exact WKB techniques and identify the 5d BPS states in the corresponding exponential spectral networks. We furthermore relate the resurgence analysis in the open and closed setting. This guides us to a five-dimensional extension of the Nekrasov-Rosly-Shatashvili proposal, in which the NS free energy is computed as a generating function of q-difference opers in terms of a special set of spectral coordinates. Finally, we examine two spectral problems describing the corresponding quantum integrable system.
{"title":"Quantum Curves, Resurgence and Exact WKB","authors":"M. Alim, Lotte Hollands, Iván Tulli","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"We study the non-perturbative quantum geometry of the open and closed topological string on the resolved conifold and its mirror. Our tools are finite difference equations in the open and closed string moduli and the resurgence analysis of their formal power series solutions. In the closed setting, we derive new finite difference equations for the refined partition function as well as its Nekrasov-Shatashvili (NS) limit. We write down a distinguished analytic solution for the refined difference equation that reproduces the expected non-perturbative content of the refined topological string. We compare this solution to the Borel analysis of the free energy in the NS limit. We find that the singularities of the Borel transform lie on infinitely many rays in the Borel plane and that the Stokes jumps across these rays encode the associated Donaldson-Thomas invariants of the underlying Calabi-Yau geometry. In the open setting, the finite difference equation corresponds to a canonical quantization of the mirror curve. We analyze this difference equation using Borel analysis and exact WKB techniques and identify the 5d BPS states in the corresponding exponential spectral networks. We furthermore relate the resurgence analysis in the open and closed setting. This guides us to a five-dimensional extension of the Nekrasov-Rosly-Shatashvili proposal, in which the NS free energy is computed as a generating function of q-difference opers in terms of a special set of spectral coordinates. Finally, we examine two spectral problems describing the corresponding quantum integrable system.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46781478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We raise the question of whether (a slightly generalized notion of) $qq$-characters can be constructed purely representation-theoretically. In the main example of the quantum toroidal $mathfrak{gl}_1$ algebra, geometric engineering of adjoint matter produces an explicit vertex operator $mathsf{RR}$ which computes certain $qq$-characters, namely Hirzebruch $chi_y$-genera, completely analogously to how the R-matrix $mathsf{R}$ computes $q$-characters. We give a geometric proof of the independence of preferred direction for the refined vertex in this and more general non-toric settings.
{"title":"A Representation-Theoretic Approach to qq-Characters","authors":"Henry Liu","doi":"10.3842/SIGMA.2022.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.090","url":null,"abstract":"We raise the question of whether (a slightly generalized notion of) $qq$-characters can be constructed purely representation-theoretically. In the main example of the quantum toroidal $mathfrak{gl}_1$ algebra, geometric engineering of adjoint matter produces an explicit vertex operator $mathsf{RR}$ which computes certain $qq$-characters, namely Hirzebruch $chi_y$-genera, completely analogously to how the R-matrix $mathsf{R}$ computes $q$-characters. We give a geometric proof of the independence of preferred direction for the refined vertex in this and more general non-toric settings.","PeriodicalId":49453,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry Integrability and Geometry-Methods and Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44488293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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