Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.38080/crh.2023.08.144.356
Junho JUNG
This study examines how poisoning and toxicity of pesticides were shaped by the introduction of organically synthesized pesticides in South Korea. In particular, the study focus on the 1956 parathion mass poisoning in Gyeongbuk Province, which resulted in a large number of deaths due to poisoning and was a direct trigger for the enactment of the Pesticide Control Act. Also, the study examine the changes in health problems and social responses to the emergence of new pesticides technologies. First, identify the policy and technological background of the introduction of new brand of organophosphate pesticides in 1950s Korea, and examine the process by which the medical understanding of pesticide poisoning was formed. The policy responses that emerged from these technical and medical understandings, as well as the processes of deliberate concealment and ignorance regarding the mass poisoning was analysed. Thus, a new technological element – organophosphate pesticides - has influenced the formation of chemical regulation in South Korea, based on previous Japanese experiences. Yet, medical knowledge and treatment options were rapidly adopted, but policy implementation had severe limitation to regulate highly toxic pesticides. Also, the Pesticide Control Act failed the address issue of pesticide poisoning as public health problem, rather creating further dilemma as Parathion became common choice of suicidal drugs.
{"title":"Mass Parathion Poisoning and Establishment of Pesticide Control Act in Korea","authors":"Junho JUNG","doi":"10.38080/crh.2023.08.144.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38080/crh.2023.08.144.356","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how poisoning and toxicity of pesticides were shaped by the introduction of organically synthesized pesticides in South Korea. In particular, the study focus on the 1956 parathion mass poisoning in Gyeongbuk Province, which resulted in a large number of deaths due to poisoning and was a direct trigger for the enactment of the Pesticide Control Act. Also, the study examine the changes in health problems and social responses to the emergence of new pesticides technologies. First, identify the policy and technological background of the introduction of new brand of organophosphate pesticides in 1950s Korea, and examine the process by which the medical understanding of pesticide poisoning was formed. The policy responses that emerged from these technical and medical understandings, as well as the processes of deliberate concealment and ignorance regarding the mass poisoning was analysed. Thus, a new technological element – organophosphate pesticides - has influenced the formation of chemical regulation in South Korea, based on previous Japanese experiences. Yet, medical knowledge and treatment options were rapidly adopted, but policy implementation had severe limitation to regulate highly toxic pesticides. Also, the Pesticide Control Act failed the address issue of pesticide poisoning as public health problem, rather creating further dilemma as Parathion became common choice of suicidal drugs.","PeriodicalId":494976,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa bi'pyeong (Print)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.38080/crh.2023.08.144.174
Jiho Moon
There are conicting assessments of the large scale rubber tree plantation project that began in the 1950s under the Mao Zedong(毛澤東, 1893~1976) regime. In the environmental history of China, on the one hand, the ‘northward movement(北移)’ of rubber trees is usually criticised as an “unscientic” “political movement” in the Mao’s era, only resulting in the devastating environmental and social disasters in China. On the other hand, the ocial history of Chinese government has often praised the same ‘northward movement’ as the China’s supreme scientic achievement in successfully planting rubber trees at the world’s highest altitude. This study aims to reexamine such conflicting historical assessments, and to shed a new light on the relationship between science and politics in the early phase of the Mao’s regime, first, by showing both international politico-economic and environmental contexts in which such a decision was made to move rubber trees northward; second, by analyzing the experimental research on “protective forests” by a newly emerging group of agricultural meteorologists, who played a crucial role in the plantation project, and how they supported the decision. Rather than focusing on the totalitarian characteristics of the socialist state behind the rubber tree plantation, this research recovers the agency of a group of scientists experimentally supporting the plantation and their careful considerations of the relationship between strategically urgent needs of the state and natural and environmental constraints. is perspective oers a valuable chance to reect on modern China’s endeavors to harness techno-scientic expertise to control environmental disasters.
{"title":"The Formation of ‘Scientific’ Environmental Correctionism in the Early Mao Era: The Agricultural Meteorological Solution to the Cold-Weather Damage to Rubber Trees in the 1950s","authors":"Jiho Moon","doi":"10.38080/crh.2023.08.144.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38080/crh.2023.08.144.174","url":null,"abstract":"There are conicting assessments of the large scale rubber tree plantation project that began in the 1950s under the Mao Zedong(毛澤東, 1893~1976) regime. In the environmental history of China, on the one hand, the ‘northward movement(北移)’ of rubber trees is usually criticised as an “unscientic” “political movement” in the Mao’s era, only resulting in the devastating environmental and social disasters in China. On the other hand, the ocial history of Chinese government has often praised the same ‘northward movement’ as the China’s supreme scientic achievement in successfully planting rubber trees at the world’s highest altitude. This study aims to reexamine such conflicting historical assessments, and to shed a new light on the relationship between science and politics in the early phase of the Mao’s regime, first, by showing both international politico-economic and environmental contexts in which such a decision was made to move rubber trees northward; second, by analyzing the experimental research on “protective forests” by a newly emerging group of agricultural meteorologists, who played a crucial role in the plantation project, and how they supported the decision. Rather than focusing on the totalitarian characteristics of the socialist state behind the rubber tree plantation, this research recovers the agency of a group of scientists experimentally supporting the plantation and their careful considerations of the relationship between strategically urgent needs of the state and natural and environmental constraints. is perspective oers a valuable chance to reect on modern China’s endeavors to harness techno-scientic expertise to control environmental disasters.","PeriodicalId":494976,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa bi'pyeong (Print)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.38080/crh.2023.05.143.238
JungHwan Cheon
The purpose of this paper is to describe the mechanisms of domination of Korean society in terms of cultural subjectivization and aesthetics. Domination is produced and reproduced in the field of aesthetics and morality. For example, appearance and taste are important dimensions in which “merit” is externalized, and they immediately define the relationship between subjects and subjects. erefore, they become the main territory of meritocracy. In this article, I discussed how lifestyle, appearance, fashion, and taste are characteristic aspects of subjectication. I have also argued the new interplay of wealth and power, and mentioned aspects of domination related to lifestyle, such as the Korean Wave and luxury culture. The another purpose of this article is to discuss ways to overcome this subjective, aesthetic, and cultural domination. I paid attention to the contradictory workings of resistance or ‘artistic autonomy’ from below, and argued that the only way to do so is to promote a ‘subjectivization’ dierent from middle-class ideology.
{"title":"Meritocracy and Aesthetic Domination: A Reflection on the Modes of Subjectivization in K-Capitalist Realism","authors":"JungHwan Cheon","doi":"10.38080/crh.2023.05.143.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38080/crh.2023.05.143.238","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to describe the mechanisms of domination of Korean society in terms of cultural subjectivization and aesthetics. Domination is produced and reproduced in the field of aesthetics and morality. For example, appearance and taste are important dimensions in which “merit” is externalized, and they immediately define the relationship between subjects and subjects. erefore, they become the main territory of meritocracy. In this article, I discussed how lifestyle, appearance, fashion, and taste are characteristic aspects of subjectication. I have also argued the new interplay of wealth and power, and mentioned aspects of domination related to lifestyle, such as the Korean Wave and luxury culture. The another purpose of this article is to discuss ways to overcome this subjective, aesthetic, and cultural domination. I paid attention to the contradictory workings of resistance or ‘artistic autonomy’ from below, and argued that the only way to do so is to promote a ‘subjectivization’ dierent from middle-class ideology.","PeriodicalId":494976,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa bi'pyeong (Print)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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