Shipra Puri, Gino S Panza, Dylan Kissane, Steven Jones, Kevin Reck, Ho-Sheng Lin, M Safwan Badr, Jason H Mateika
Study objectives: Previous studies reported that the apnea-hypopnea index was similar in young adult Black and White participants. However, whether this similarity reflects an analogous combination of apneas and hypopneas is unknown. Likewise, the physiological mechanisms underlying this similarity has not been explored.
Methods: 60 Black and 48 White males completed the study. After matching for age and body mass index, 41 participants remained in each group. All participants completed a sleep study. Subsequently, standard sleep indices along with loop gain and the arousal threshold were determined. In addition, airway collapsibility (24 of 60 and 14 of 48 participants) and the hypoxic ventilatory response during wakefulness (30 of 60 and 25 of 48 participants) was measured.
Results: The apnea-hypopnea index was similar in Blacks and Whites (p = .140). However, the index was comprised of more apneas (p = .014) and fewer hypopneas (p = .025) in Black males. These modifications were coupled to a reduced loop gain (p = .0002) and a more collapsible airway (p = .030). These differences were independent of whether or not the groups were matched. For a given hypoxic response, loop gain was reduced in Black compared to White males (p = .023).
Conclusions: Despite a similar apnea-hypopnea index, more apneas and fewer hypopneas were evident in young adult Black compared to White males. The physiological mechanisms that contribute to these events were also different between groups. Addressing these differences may be important when considering novel therapeutic approaches to eliminate apnea in Black and White participants.
{"title":"Racial differences in upper airway collapsibility and loop gain in young adult males.","authors":"Shipra Puri, Gino S Panza, Dylan Kissane, Steven Jones, Kevin Reck, Ho-Sheng Lin, M Safwan Badr, Jason H Mateika","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Previous studies reported that the apnea-hypopnea index was similar in young adult Black and White participants. However, whether this similarity reflects an analogous combination of apneas and hypopneas is unknown. Likewise, the physiological mechanisms underlying this similarity has not been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 Black and 48 White males completed the study. After matching for age and body mass index, 41 participants remained in each group. All participants completed a sleep study. Subsequently, standard sleep indices along with loop gain and the arousal threshold were determined. In addition, airway collapsibility (24 of 60 and 14 of 48 participants) and the hypoxic ventilatory response during wakefulness (30 of 60 and 25 of 48 participants) was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The apnea-hypopnea index was similar in Blacks and Whites (p = .140). However, the index was comprised of more apneas (p = .014) and fewer hypopneas (p = .025) in Black males. These modifications were coupled to a reduced loop gain (p = .0002) and a more collapsible airway (p = .030). These differences were independent of whether or not the groups were matched. For a given hypoxic response, loop gain was reduced in Black compared to White males (p = .023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite a similar apnea-hypopnea index, more apneas and fewer hypopneas were evident in young adult Black compared to White males. The physiological mechanisms that contribute to these events were also different between groups. Addressing these differences may be important when considering novel therapeutic approaches to eliminate apnea in Black and White participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10710980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10124719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fiona L Knapman, E Myfanwy Cohen, Tom Kulaga, Nigel Lovell, Leszek Lisowski, Simon McMullan, Peter G R Burke, Lynne E Bilston
Study objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where the upper airway collapses repeatedly during sleep due to inadequate dilator muscle tone, is challenging to treat as current therapies are poorly tolerated or have variable and unpredictable efficacy. We propose a novel, optogenetics-based therapy, that stimulates upper airway dilator muscle contractions in response to light. To determine the feasibility of a novel optogenetics-based OSA therapy, we developed a rodent model of human sleep-related upper airway muscle atonia. Using this model, we evaluated intralingual delivery of candidate optogenetic constructs, notably a muscle-targeted approach that will likely have a favorable safety profile.
Methods: rAAV serotype 9 viral vectors expressing a channelrhodopsin-2 variant, driven by a muscle-specific or nonspecific promoter were injected into rat tongues to compare strength and specificity of opsin expression. Light-evoked electromyographic responses were recorded in an acute, rodent model of OSA. Airway dilation was captured with ultrasound.
Results: The muscle-specific promoter produced sufficient opsin expression for light stimulation to restore and/or enhance electromyographic signals (linear mixed model, F = 140.0, p < 0.001) and induce visible tongue contraction and airway dilation. The muscle-specific promoter induced stronger (RM-ANOVA, F(1,8) = 10.0, p = 0.013) and more specific opsin expression than the nonspecific promoter in an otherwise equivalent construct. Viral DNA and RNA were robust in the tongue, but low or absent in all other tissues.
Conclusions: Significant functional responses to direct optogenetic muscle activation were achieved following muscle-specific promoter-driven rAAV-mediated transduction, providing proof-of-concept for an optogenetic therapy for patients with inadequate dilator muscle activity during sleep.
{"title":"Direct optogenetic activation of upper airway muscles in an acute model of upper airway hypotonia mimicking sleep onset.","authors":"Fiona L Knapman, E Myfanwy Cohen, Tom Kulaga, Nigel Lovell, Leszek Lisowski, Simon McMullan, Peter G R Burke, Lynne E Bilston","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad226","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where the upper airway collapses repeatedly during sleep due to inadequate dilator muscle tone, is challenging to treat as current therapies are poorly tolerated or have variable and unpredictable efficacy. We propose a novel, optogenetics-based therapy, that stimulates upper airway dilator muscle contractions in response to light. To determine the feasibility of a novel optogenetics-based OSA therapy, we developed a rodent model of human sleep-related upper airway muscle atonia. Using this model, we evaluated intralingual delivery of candidate optogenetic constructs, notably a muscle-targeted approach that will likely have a favorable safety profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>rAAV serotype 9 viral vectors expressing a channelrhodopsin-2 variant, driven by a muscle-specific or nonspecific promoter were injected into rat tongues to compare strength and specificity of opsin expression. Light-evoked electromyographic responses were recorded in an acute, rodent model of OSA. Airway dilation was captured with ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The muscle-specific promoter produced sufficient opsin expression for light stimulation to restore and/or enhance electromyographic signals (linear mixed model, F = 140.0, p < 0.001) and induce visible tongue contraction and airway dilation. The muscle-specific promoter induced stronger (RM-ANOVA, F(1,8) = 10.0, p = 0.013) and more specific opsin expression than the nonspecific promoter in an otherwise equivalent construct. Viral DNA and RNA were robust in the tongue, but low or absent in all other tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant functional responses to direct optogenetic muscle activation were achieved following muscle-specific promoter-driven rAAV-mediated transduction, providing proof-of-concept for an optogenetic therapy for patients with inadequate dilator muscle activity during sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10128856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artifact subspace reconstruction: a candidate for a dream solution for EEG studies, sleep or awake.","authors":"Makoto Miyakoshi","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad241","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10710985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra E Shriane, Gabrielle Rigney, Sally A Ferguson, Yu Sun Bin, Grace E Vincent
Study objectives: The unique requirements of shift work, such as sleeping and working at variable times, mean that current sleep hygiene guidelines may be inappropriate for shift workers. Current guidelines may also contradict fatigue management advice (e.g. advising against daytime napping). The present study utilized a Delphi methodology to determine expert opinion regarding the applicability of current guidelines for shift workers, the appropriateness of the term "sleep hygiene," and develop tailored guidelines for shift workers.
Methods: The research team reviewed current guidelines and existing evidence to draft tailored guidelines. Seventeen individual guidelines, covering sleep scheduling, napping, sleep environment, bedtime routine, substances, light exposure, diet, and exercise were drafted. Experts from sleep, shift work, and occupational health fields (n = 155) were invited to review the draft guidelines using a Delphi methodology. In each round, experts voted on individual guidelines, with 70% agreement considered consensus. Where consensus was not reached, written feedback from experts was discussed and incorporated into subsequent iterations.
Results: Of the experts invited, 68 (44%) agreed to participate, with 55 (35%) completing the third (final) round. Most experts (84%) agreed that tailored guidelines were required for shift workers. Consensus was reached on all guidelines after three rounds. One additional guideline (sleep inertia) and an introductory statement were developed, resulting in a final set of 18 individual guidelines, termed "healthy sleep practices for shift workers."
Conclusions: This is the first study to develop tailored sleep hygiene guidelines for shift workers. Future research should investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of these guidelines amongst shift workers.
{"title":"Healthy sleep practices for shift workers: consensus sleep hygiene guidelines using a Delphi methodology.","authors":"Alexandra E Shriane, Gabrielle Rigney, Sally A Ferguson, Yu Sun Bin, Grace E Vincent","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>The unique requirements of shift work, such as sleeping and working at variable times, mean that current sleep hygiene guidelines may be inappropriate for shift workers. Current guidelines may also contradict fatigue management advice (e.g. advising against daytime napping). The present study utilized a Delphi methodology to determine expert opinion regarding the applicability of current guidelines for shift workers, the appropriateness of the term \"sleep hygiene,\" and develop tailored guidelines for shift workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research team reviewed current guidelines and existing evidence to draft tailored guidelines. Seventeen individual guidelines, covering sleep scheduling, napping, sleep environment, bedtime routine, substances, light exposure, diet, and exercise were drafted. Experts from sleep, shift work, and occupational health fields (n = 155) were invited to review the draft guidelines using a Delphi methodology. In each round, experts voted on individual guidelines, with 70% agreement considered consensus. Where consensus was not reached, written feedback from experts was discussed and incorporated into subsequent iterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the experts invited, 68 (44%) agreed to participate, with 55 (35%) completing the third (final) round. Most experts (84%) agreed that tailored guidelines were required for shift workers. Consensus was reached on all guidelines after three rounds. One additional guideline (sleep inertia) and an introductory statement were developed, resulting in a final set of 18 individual guidelines, termed \"healthy sleep practices for shift workers.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to develop tailored sleep hygiene guidelines for shift workers. Future research should investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of these guidelines amongst shift workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10710992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9766387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The prospects of open science practices and large-scale collaborations for dream research.","authors":"Somayeh Ataei, Martin Dresler, Sarah F Schoch","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad139","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10710988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaustav Kundu, Sabbu Maharjan, Lokesh Kumar Saini, Ravi Gupta
{"title":"Sleep architecture is associated with core symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder: a few methodological observations.","authors":"Kaustav Kundu, Sabbu Maharjan, Lokesh Kumar Saini, Ravi Gupta","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Goldsworthy, Jasneek Chawla, James Birt, Oliver Baumann, Suzanne Gough
Study objectives: This scoping review explores the use of extended reality (virtual, augmented, and mixed reality) within sleep health, sleep medicine, and sleep research. It aims to provide insight into current uses and implementation considerations whilst highlighting directions for future research.
Methods: A systematic scoping review was undertaken informed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for scoping reviews and Johanna Briggs Institute.
Results: The use of virtual reality (VR) as a research tool in the investigation of areas such as dreaming and memory reactivation is growing. Thirty-one articles were identified in total with 20 utilizing VR to improve sleep as a clinical intervention.
Conclusions: Research exploring the utility of VR as a clinical intervention in various patient populations and clinical settings is therefore warranted. Researchers and clinicians should ensure that extended reality interventions are developed based on clinical reasoning and informed by evidence of both sleep medicine and the effects of virtual and augmented reality. Where possible future research should utilize up-to-date technology and reporting frameworks to assist in the translation of research into clinical practice.
{"title":"Use of extended reality in sleep health, medicine, and research: a scoping review.","authors":"Adrian Goldsworthy, Jasneek Chawla, James Birt, Oliver Baumann, Suzanne Gough","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad201","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>This scoping review explores the use of extended reality (virtual, augmented, and mixed reality) within sleep health, sleep medicine, and sleep research. It aims to provide insight into current uses and implementation considerations whilst highlighting directions for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic scoping review was undertaken informed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for scoping reviews and Johanna Briggs Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of virtual reality (VR) as a research tool in the investigation of areas such as dreaming and memory reactivation is growing. Thirty-one articles were identified in total with 20 utilizing VR to improve sleep as a clinical intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research exploring the utility of VR as a clinical intervention in various patient populations and clinical settings is therefore warranted. Researchers and clinicians should ensure that extended reality interventions are developed based on clinical reasoning and informed by evidence of both sleep medicine and the effects of virtual and augmented reality. Where possible future research should utilize up-to-date technology and reporting frameworks to assist in the translation of research into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10241499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remington Mallett, Jason T Jameson, Ken A Paller, Rachel R Markwald, Dale W Russell
{"title":"Clinical nightmare frequency and its association with reduced physical health during military operations.","authors":"Remington Mallett, Jason T Jameson, Ken A Paller, Rachel R Markwald, Dale W Russell","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad214","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10131071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clare Anderson, Anna W T Cai, Michael L Lee, William J Horrey, Yulan Liang, Conor S O'Brien, Charles A Czeisler, Mark E Howard
Study objectives: To examine whether drivers are aware of sleepiness and associated symptoms, and how subjective reports predict driving impairment and physiological drowsiness.
Methods: Sixteen shift workers (19-65 years; 9 women) drove an instrumented vehicle for 2 hours on a closed-loop track after a night of sleep and a night of work. Subjective sleepiness/symptoms were rated every 15 minutes. Severe and moderate driving impairment was defined by emergency brake maneuvers and lane deviations, respectively. Physiological drowsiness was defined by eye closures (Johns drowsiness scores) and EEG-based microsleep events.
Results: All subjective ratings increased post night-shift (p < 0.001). No severe drive events occurred without noticeable symptoms beforehand. All subjective sleepiness ratings, and specific symptoms, predicted a severe (emergency brake) driving event occurring in the next 15 minutes (OR: 1.76-2.4, AUC > 0.81, p < 0.009), except "head dropping down". Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), ocular symptoms, difficulty keeping to center of the road, and nodding off to sleep, were associated with a lane deviation in the next 15 minutes (OR: 1.17-1.24, p<0.029), although accuracy was only "fair" (AUC 0.59-0.65). All sleepiness ratings predicted severe ocular-based drowsiness (OR: 1.30-2.81, p < 0.001), with very good-to-excellent accuracy (AUC > 0.8), while moderate ocular-based drowsiness was predicted with fair-to-good accuracy (AUC > 0.62). KSS, likelihood of falling asleep, ocular symptoms, and "nodding off" predicted microsleep events, with fair-to-good accuracy (AUC 0.65-0.73).
Conclusions: Drivers are aware of sleepiness, and many self-reported sleepiness symptoms predicted subsequent driving impairment/physiological drowsiness. Drivers should self-assess a wide range of sleepiness symptoms and stop driving when these occur to reduce the escalating risk of road crashes due to drowsiness.
研究目的:检查驾驶员是否意识到困倦和相关症状,以及主观报告如何预测驾驶障碍和生理性困倦。方法:16名轮班工人(19 ~ 65岁);(9名女性)在一晚的睡眠和一晚的工作后,在一个闭环轨道上驾驶一辆仪表车辆2小时。主观嗜睡/症状每15分钟评分一次。严重和中度驾驶损伤分别由紧急制动机动和车道偏差定义。生理性嗜睡通过闭眼(约翰嗜睡评分)和基于脑电图的微睡眠事件来定义。结果:所有主观评分在夜班后增加(p < 0.001)。没有发生严重的驱动事件,事先没有明显的症状。所有主观嗜睡评分和特定症状都预测在接下来的15分钟内发生严重(紧急制动)驾驶事件(OR: 1.76-2.4, AUC > 0.81, p < 0.009),但“头下降”除外。卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表(KSS)、眼部症状、难以保持道路中心和打瞌睡与接下来15分钟的车道偏离相关(OR: 1.17-1.24, p 0.8),而中度眼部嗜睡预测具有相当好的准确性(AUC > 0.62)。KSS、入睡可能性、眼部症状和“打盹”预测微睡眠事件具有相当好的准确性(AUC为0.65-0.73)。结论:司机意识到困倦,许多自述的困倦症状预示着随后的驾驶障碍/生理性困倦。司机应该自我评估各种各样的困倦症状,并在出现这些症状时停止驾驶,以减少因困倦而导致的道路交通事故的风险。
{"title":"Feeling sleepy? stop driving-awareness of fall asleep crashes.","authors":"Clare Anderson, Anna W T Cai, Michael L Lee, William J Horrey, Yulan Liang, Conor S O'Brien, Charles A Czeisler, Mark E Howard","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad136","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>To examine whether drivers are aware of sleepiness and associated symptoms, and how subjective reports predict driving impairment and physiological drowsiness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen shift workers (19-65 years; 9 women) drove an instrumented vehicle for 2 hours on a closed-loop track after a night of sleep and a night of work. Subjective sleepiness/symptoms were rated every 15 minutes. Severe and moderate driving impairment was defined by emergency brake maneuvers and lane deviations, respectively. Physiological drowsiness was defined by eye closures (Johns drowsiness scores) and EEG-based microsleep events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All subjective ratings increased post night-shift (p < 0.001). No severe drive events occurred without noticeable symptoms beforehand. All subjective sleepiness ratings, and specific symptoms, predicted a severe (emergency brake) driving event occurring in the next 15 minutes (OR: 1.76-2.4, AUC > 0.81, p < 0.009), except \"head dropping down\". Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), ocular symptoms, difficulty keeping to center of the road, and nodding off to sleep, were associated with a lane deviation in the next 15 minutes (OR: 1.17-1.24, p<0.029), although accuracy was only \"fair\" (AUC 0.59-0.65). All sleepiness ratings predicted severe ocular-based drowsiness (OR: 1.30-2.81, p < 0.001), with very good-to-excellent accuracy (AUC > 0.8), while moderate ocular-based drowsiness was predicted with fair-to-good accuracy (AUC > 0.62). KSS, likelihood of falling asleep, ocular symptoms, and \"nodding off\" predicted microsleep events, with fair-to-good accuracy (AUC 0.65-0.73).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drivers are aware of sleepiness, and many self-reported sleepiness symptoms predicted subsequent driving impairment/physiological drowsiness. Drivers should self-assess a wide range of sleepiness symptoms and stop driving when these occur to reduce the escalating risk of road crashes due to drowsiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10138989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study objectives: Pre- and early adolescence are believed to constitute periods of important age-related changes in sleep. However, much of the research on these presumed developmental changes has used cross-sectional data or subjective measures of sleep, limiting the quality of the evidence. In addition, little is known about the development of certain features of the sleep-wake cycle pertaining to regularity (e.g. weekend-weekday differences and intra-individual variability) or circadian rhythms (e.g. sleep midpoint).
Methods: This study examined the sleep trajectories of 128 typically developing youth (69 girls) from ages 8 to 12 years on four sleep characteristics: sleep onset, sleep offset, total sleep time (TST), and sleep midpoint. For each of these characteristics, actigraphy-derived estimates of typical (i.e. mean) sleep and sleep regularity were obtained at each time point. Multilevel growth curves were modeled.
Results: Overall, the sleep-wake cycle significantly changed between 8 and 12 years. Mean sleep onset, offset and midpoint exhibited an ascending curvilinear growth pattern that shifted later with age, while mean TST decreased linearly. Weekend-weekday differences (social jetlag) for sleep offset and midpoint became more pronounced each year. Weekday TST was longer than weekend TST, though this difference became smaller over time. Finally, intra-individual variability increased over time for all sleep characteristics, with variability in TST ascending curvilinearly. Important between-person and sex differences were also observed.
Conclusion: This study reveals the marked changes that occur in the sleep of typically developing pre- and early adolescents. We discuss the potential implications of these trajectories.
{"title":"From early birds to night owls: a longitudinal study of actigraphy-assessed sleep trajectories during the transition from pre- to early adolescence.","authors":"Anna-Francesca Boatswain-Jacques, Charlotte Dusablon, Catherine Cimon-Paquet, Élie YuTong Guo, Rosalie Ménard, Célia Matte-Gagné, Julie Carrier, Annie Bernier","doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsad127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleep/zsad127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Pre- and early adolescence are believed to constitute periods of important age-related changes in sleep. However, much of the research on these presumed developmental changes has used cross-sectional data or subjective measures of sleep, limiting the quality of the evidence. In addition, little is known about the development of certain features of the sleep-wake cycle pertaining to regularity (e.g. weekend-weekday differences and intra-individual variability) or circadian rhythms (e.g. sleep midpoint).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the sleep trajectories of 128 typically developing youth (69 girls) from ages 8 to 12 years on four sleep characteristics: sleep onset, sleep offset, total sleep time (TST), and sleep midpoint. For each of these characteristics, actigraphy-derived estimates of typical (i.e. mean) sleep and sleep regularity were obtained at each time point. Multilevel growth curves were modeled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the sleep-wake cycle significantly changed between 8 and 12 years. Mean sleep onset, offset and midpoint exhibited an ascending curvilinear growth pattern that shifted later with age, while mean TST decreased linearly. Weekend-weekday differences (social jetlag) for sleep offset and midpoint became more pronounced each year. Weekday TST was longer than weekend TST, though this difference became smaller over time. Finally, intra-individual variability increased over time for all sleep characteristics, with variability in TST ascending curvilinearly. Important between-person and sex differences were also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the marked changes that occur in the sleep of typically developing pre- and early adolescents. We discuss the potential implications of these trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":49514,"journal":{"name":"Sleep","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9345556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}