Four Silurian brachiopod species from the Pentland Hills, previously ignored or designated nomina dubia, require some recognition on the basis of material identified in the collections of the National Museum of Scotland and a closer scrutiny of the published work with respect to the guidelines of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature.
{"title":"Notes on the brachiopod species from the Silurian of the Pentland Hills described by Lamont (1978)","authors":"Y. Candela, D. Harper, W. R. B. Crighton","doi":"10.1144/sjg2016-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2016-003","url":null,"abstract":"Four Silurian brachiopod species from the Pentland Hills, previously ignored or designated nomina dubia, require some recognition on the basis of material identified in the collections of the National Museum of Scotland and a closer scrutiny of the published work with respect to the guidelines of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"53 1","pages":"29 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46598456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additional machaeridian specimens from the Wether Law Linn Formation (Telychian) have increased our knowledge of this poorly recorded but abundant group in the Pentland Hills, located a few kilometres SE of Edinburgh. A new type of anterior outer shell plate is described and is compared with material previously described from the same horizon and locality. Moreover, a new species of Plumulites is established on the basis of a disarticulated but close association of shell plates.
来自Wether Law Linn Formation（Telychian）的更多马查里阶标本增加了我们对位于爱丁堡东南几公里的Pentland Hills中这一记录不佳但数量丰富的群的了解。描述了一种新型的前外壳板，并将其与先前描述的相同层位和位置的材料进行了比较。此外，在壳板无关节但紧密结合的基础上，建立了一个新的羽粒目物种。
{"title":"Addenda to the record of machaeridian shell plates in the Wether Law Linn Formation (Late Llandovery), Pentland Hills, Scotland","authors":"Y. Candela, W. R. B. Crighton","doi":"10.1144/sjg2016-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2016-006","url":null,"abstract":"Additional machaeridian specimens from the Wether Law Linn Formation (Telychian) have increased our knowledge of this poorly recorded but abundant group in the Pentland Hills, located a few kilometres SE of Edinburgh. A new type of anterior outer shell plate is described and is compared with material previously described from the same horizon and locality. Moreover, a new species of Plumulites is established on the basis of a disarticulated but close association of shell plates.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"53 1","pages":"35 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2016-006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44760512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first paragraph of his discussion of our paper, Burton sets up his definition of what he thinks should have been the structure and purpose of our paper, his opinion of what a review should be and then complains that we did not follow his definition. We reject his definition, having defined our purpose in the abstract of our review. We were invited to write a short review of the Precambrian–Lower Palaeozoic tectonic history of Scotland. We structured the review around the topics that interest us; the paper was not, and could not be, an in-depth review of the opinion of everyone who had published relevant data and ideas on the topics covered in the paper. Our purpose, in the space allotted, was to present an overview review rather than a lengthy document argued in detail with references to everyone who had published on the topic. A full detailed analysis and review of the kind suggested would have been far too long for the Scottish Journal of Geology. The purpose of the paper is stated in the abstract and the last paragraph of the summary. There was no conscious effort to exclude Bluck's work; his work did not feature in our review, just as that of many hundreds of geologists who have also written on the subject. Several people who reviewed the manuscript, including the referees, made no mention of the absence of references to Bluck's published work, and it simply did not occur to us as we wrote it. We regret that this has caused offence. In our short review, we outlined our views and did not try to include and argue against all the different opinions with which we disagree. To have done so would have quadrupled the reference list and at least doubled the length of the paper. The whole Highland Border issue has been argued interminably for ages (often in the Scottish Journal of Geology) and, in the end, the consensus was against Bluck's views (e.g. Henderson et al. 2009). There is no point in bringing up arguments just to shoot them down; we do not see that as a positive legacy to Bluck, whose work in fluvial sedimentology was superb.
在他讨论我们的论文的第一段，伯顿建立了他的定义，他认为应该是我们的论文的结构和目的，他的意见应该是什么审查，然后抱怨我们没有遵循他的定义。我们拒绝他的定义，因为我们已经在综述的摘要中定义了我们的目的。我们应邀写了一篇关于苏格兰前寒武纪-下古生代构造史的简短综述。我们围绕我们感兴趣的主题来组织评论;这篇论文不是，也不可能是对所有发表过相关数据和观点的人的意见的深入审查。在指定的篇幅内，我们的目的是提出一份概括性的评论，而不是一份冗长的文件，详细讨论每个在该主题上发表过文章的人。对于《苏格兰地质学杂志》来说，对这类建议进行全面详细的分析和回顾太长了。摘要和结束语的最后一段阐述了本文的目的。他们并没有刻意排斥布莱克的作品;他的工作没有出现在我们的评论中，就像成百上千的地质学家一样，他们也写了关于这个主题的文章。几位审阅过手稿的人，包括评审人，都没有提到没有参考布鲁克已发表的作品，我们在写手稿的时候根本没有想到这一点。我们很遗憾这引起了冒犯。在我们简短的评论中，我们概述了我们的观点，并没有试图包括和反对我们不同意的所有不同意见。如果这样做的话，参考文献的数量会增加四倍，论文的长度至少会增加一倍。整个高地边界问题已经争论了很多年了(通常在苏格兰地质学杂志上)，最后，共识是反对Bluck的观点(例如Henderson et al. 2009)。提出争论只是为了驳倒它们是没有意义的;我们不认为这是对布鲁克的积极遗产，他在河流沉积学方面的工作是一流的。
{"title":"Reply to Discussion on ‘The Neoproterozoic to Mid-Devonian evolution of Scotland: a review and unresolved issues’ Scottish Journal of Geology, 51, 5–30","authors":"J. Dewey, I. Dalziel, R. J. Reavy, R. Strachan","doi":"10.1144/SJG2016-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SJG2016-015","url":null,"abstract":"In the first paragraph of his discussion of our paper, Burton sets up his definition of what he thinks should have been the structure and purpose of our paper, his opinion of what a review should be and then complains that we did not follow his definition. We reject his definition, having defined our purpose in the abstract of our review. We were invited to write a short review of the Precambrian–Lower Palaeozoic tectonic history of Scotland. We structured the review around the topics that interest us; the paper was not, and could not be, an in-depth review of the opinion of everyone who had published relevant data and ideas on the topics covered in the paper. Our purpose, in the space allotted, was to present an overview review rather than a lengthy document argued in detail with references to everyone who had published on the topic. A full detailed analysis and review of the kind suggested would have been far too long for the Scottish Journal of Geology. The purpose of the paper is stated in the abstract and the last paragraph of the summary. There was no conscious effort to exclude Bluck's work; his work did not feature in our review, just as that of many hundreds of geologists who have also written on the subject. Several people who reviewed the manuscript, including the referees, made no mention of the absence of references to Bluck's published work, and it simply did not occur to us as we wrote it. We regret that this has caused offence. In our short review, we outlined our views and did not try to include and argue against all the different opinions with which we disagree. To have done so would have quadrupled the reference list and at least doubled the length of the paper. The whole Highland Border issue has been argued interminably for ages (often in the Scottish Journal of Geology) and, in the end, the consensus was against Bluck's views (e.g. Henderson et al. 2009). There is no point in bringing up arguments just to shoot them down; we do not see that as a positive legacy to Bluck, whose work in fluvial sedimentology was superb.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"124 4 1","pages":"112 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/SJG2016-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Geological Excursion Guide to the Stirling and Perth Area , edited by M.A.E. Browne & C. Gillen. 2015. Edinburgh Geological Society in association with NMS Enterprises Ltd. 231 pp. ISBN 978-1-905267-88-0, £15.99. ‘Stirling and Perth’ is the fourth in the series of geological excursion guides published by the Edinburgh Geological Society in association with National Museums Scotland. Its predecessors had focused on established icons of Scottish geology – Rum, the NW Highlands and the Moine succession – but this latest contribution explores the possibilities of a less-celebrated region, and demonstrates that it has much to offer. But in these days of apps and smartphones, if a traditional excursion guidebook is to succeed, it needs to simultaneously satisfy several requirements: an attractive format, clear and concise navigation and locality descriptions integrated into the broader pattern of the regional geology, and the capacity to tempt the reader along unexpected byways. How does ‘Stirling and Perth’ fare in these respects? Very well, I think. The layout of the book is familiar from the earlier excursion guides in the series and works well. There are plenty of well-chosen colour illustrations and the maps and diagrams, equally colourful, are clear and purposeful. An introduction to the local geology is followed by itineraries for 18 excursions, each of which commences with an introductory panel summarizing its overall purpose and providing useful details of logistics and complementary Ordnance Survey topographical and British Geological Survey geological maps. A location and route map with adequate geology accompanies the beginning of each itinerary (all credited to Angus Miller), which is then laid-out to a common pattern so that the book develops a consistent identity, despite being the work of 16 different contributors. Credit for this must lie with the editors. Mike …
《斯特林和珀斯地区地质游览指南》，M.A.E. Browne & C. Gillen编辑，2015。爱丁堡地质学会与NMS企业有限公司合作，231页，ISBN 978-1-905267-88-0, 15.99英镑。“斯特林和珀斯”是爱丁堡地质学会与苏格兰国家博物馆联合出版的地质游览指南系列中的第四本。它的前辈们关注的是苏格兰地质的标志——朗姆酒、西北高地和梅因演替——但这次最新的贡献探索了一个不那么出名的地区的可能性，并证明了它有很多东西可以提供。但在这个应用程序和智能手机普及的时代，传统的旅游指南要想获得成功，就必须同时满足以下几个要求:有吸引力的格式、清晰简洁的导航和与更广泛的地区地理格局相结合的地点描述，以及吸引读者走意想不到的小路的能力。《斯特林与珀斯》在这些方面表现如何?我想很好。这本书的布局与该系列早期的游览指南很相似，效果很好。书中有大量精心挑选的彩色插图，地图和图表也同样色彩鲜艳，清晰而有目的性。介绍了当地的地质，随后是18个短途旅行的行程，每个短途旅行都以介绍性的面板开始，概述了其总体目的，并提供了有用的后勤细节和补充的地形地形和英国地质调查局地质图。每一段旅程的开头都附有一份地理位置和路线地图(都归功于安格斯·米勒)，然后按照一个共同的模式进行布局，这样本书就形成了一个一致的身份，尽管这是16位不同的作者的作品。这必须归功于编辑们。迈克……
{"title":"A Geological Excursion Guide to the Stirling and Perth Area","authors":"P. Stone","doi":"10.1144/sjg2016-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2016-005","url":null,"abstract":"A Geological Excursion Guide to the Stirling and Perth Area , edited by M.A.E. Browne & C. Gillen. 2015. Edinburgh Geological Society in association with NMS Enterprises Ltd. 231 pp. ISBN 978-1-905267-88-0, £15.99.\u0000\u0000‘Stirling and Perth’ is the fourth in the series of geological excursion guides published by the Edinburgh Geological Society in association with National Museums Scotland. Its predecessors had focused on established icons of Scottish geology – Rum, the NW Highlands and the Moine succession – but this latest contribution explores the possibilities of a less-celebrated region, and demonstrates that it has much to offer. But in these days of apps and smartphones, if a traditional excursion guidebook is to succeed, it needs to simultaneously satisfy several requirements: an attractive format, clear and concise navigation and locality descriptions integrated into the broader pattern of the regional geology, and the capacity to tempt the reader along unexpected byways. How does ‘Stirling and Perth’ fare in these respects? Very well, I think.\u0000\u0000The layout of the book is familiar from the earlier excursion guides in the series and works well. There are plenty of well-chosen colour illustrations and the maps and diagrams, equally colourful, are clear and purposeful. An introduction to the local geology is followed by itineraries for 18 excursions, each of which commences with an introductory panel summarizing its overall purpose and providing useful details of logistics and complementary Ordnance Survey topographical and British Geological Survey geological maps. A location and route map with adequate geology accompanies the beginning of each itinerary (all credited to Angus Miller), which is then laid-out to a common pattern so that the book develops a consistent identity, despite being the work of 16 different contributors. Credit for this must lie with the editors. Mike …","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"146 1","pages":"113 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of any field, and perhaps especially that of the evolution of the Scottish crust, should include reference to all the relevant scientific work brought to bear on that field; not excepting studies which provide alternatives to those of the authors or indeed controversial views. The review of Dewey et al. (2015), while it does not ‘attempt in-depth analyses of any terrain or tectonic topic … but mainly poses questions’ (Dewey et al. 2015, p. 5), clearly does not fit the above criteria, in that it ignores completely the many crucial arguments regarding the evolution of the Scottish crust posed by the late Professor Brian Bluck and his many co-authors over the period 1980 – 2015. Such a body of evidence-based and closely argued work should, of course, be open to challenge but it should not, and cannot be, simply ignored.
{"title":"Discussion on ‘The Neoproterozoic to Mid-Devonian evolution of Scotland: a review and unresolved issues’ Scottish Journal of Geology, 51, 5–30","authors":"C. J. Burton","doi":"10.1144/SJG2015-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SJG2015-015","url":null,"abstract":"A review of any field, and perhaps especially that of the evolution of the Scottish crust, should include reference to all the relevant scientific work brought to bear on that field; not excepting studies which provide alternatives to those of the authors or indeed controversial views. The review of Dewey et al. (2015), while it does not ‘attempt in-depth analyses of any terrain or tectonic topic … but mainly poses questions’ (Dewey et al. 2015, p. 5), clearly does not fit the above criteria, in that it ignores completely the many crucial arguments regarding the evolution of the Scottish crust posed by the late Professor Brian Bluck and his many co-authors over the period 1980 – 2015. Such a body of evidence-based and closely argued work should, of course, be open to challenge but it should not, and cannot be, simply ignored.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"52 1","pages":"111 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/SJG2015-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Cain, G. Leslie, S. Clarke, M. Kelly, M. Krabbendam
South of the Loch Maree Fault in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, an unexplained step-wise thickening of Torridon Group strata, from c. 200–1000 m, occurs towards the Loch Maree Fault, within the trailing edges of the stacked thrust sheets of the Achnashellach Culmination in the Caledonian Moine Thrust Zone. This thickening cannot be explained readily by Caledonian thrust tectonics alone, and suggests that thrusting was superimposed upon a pre-Caledonian non-layer-cake template giving rise to a thrust-parallel thickness change of Torridon Group strata in the thrust belt. Cross-section constructions within the culmination constrain discrete abrupt thickness changes of the Torridon Group succession preserved within the Coire nan Clach and Toll Ban thrust sheets. We infer the existence of a pre-existing discontinuity in the form of either a set of pre-Caledonian faults striking parallel or sub-parallel to the long-lived Loch Maree Fault in its southwestern wall, or palaeovalleys creating locally greater thicknesses of Torridon Group sediments in the pre-thrust template. Such palaeovalleys may have been eroded along pre-existing discontinuities. In either case, these discontinuities will have contributed to generating step-wise thickness changes in preserved Torridon Group strata prior to Cambro-Ordovician overstep and then contributed to controls on the observed (lateral) variations in thrust architecture and the northwards step-wise thinning of the Achnashellach Culmination towards the Loch Maree Fault. This northern termination of the Achnashellach Culmination demonstrates the importance of the pre-thrust template in constraining the three-dimensional architecture of lateral changes within fold-and-thrust belts.
在苏格兰西北高地的Maree湖断层以南，一个无法解释的Torridon群地层从约200-1000米逐渐增厚，发生在加里东莫因逆冲带的achnashelach顶点叠置逆冲片的后缘内，朝向Maree湖断层。这种增厚不能简单地用加里东期逆冲构造来解释，表明逆冲作用叠加在前加里东期的非层状饼模板上，导致了逆冲带Torridon群地层的逆冲平行厚度变化。顶点内的剖面构造限制了Coire nan Clach和Toll Ban逆冲层内保存的Torridon群演替的离散突变厚度变化。我们推断存在一个预先存在的不连续性，其形式可能是一组前加里东期断层平行或亚平行于其西南壁上的长期存在的Maree湖断层，或者是在前逆冲模板中形成局部较大厚度的Torridon群沉积物的古山谷。这些古山谷可能是沿着先前存在的不连续面被侵蚀的。在这两种情况下，这些不连续性都有助于在寒武纪-奥陶系越阶之前形成保存的Torridon群地层的逐级厚度变化，然后有助于控制冲断构造的观测(侧向)变化和achnashelach隆起向北向Maree湖断裂的逐级减薄。阿克纳斯拉克隆起的北端表明，逆冲前构造模板在控制褶皱-冲断带内横向变化的三维构造方面具有重要意义。
{"title":"Evidence for pre-Caledonian discontinuities in the Achnashellach Culmination, Moine Thrust Zone: the importance of a pre-thrust template in influencing fold-and-thrust belt development","authors":"T. Cain, G. Leslie, S. Clarke, M. Kelly, M. Krabbendam","doi":"10.1144/sjg2015-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2015-002","url":null,"abstract":"South of the Loch Maree Fault in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, an unexplained step-wise thickening of Torridon Group strata, from c. 200–1000 m, occurs towards the Loch Maree Fault, within the trailing edges of the stacked thrust sheets of the Achnashellach Culmination in the Caledonian Moine Thrust Zone. This thickening cannot be explained readily by Caledonian thrust tectonics alone, and suggests that thrusting was superimposed upon a pre-Caledonian non-layer-cake template giving rise to a thrust-parallel thickness change of Torridon Group strata in the thrust belt. Cross-section constructions within the culmination constrain discrete abrupt thickness changes of the Torridon Group succession preserved within the Coire nan Clach and Toll Ban thrust sheets. We infer the existence of a pre-existing discontinuity in the form of either a set of pre-Caledonian faults striking parallel or sub-parallel to the long-lived Loch Maree Fault in its southwestern wall, or palaeovalleys creating locally greater thicknesses of Torridon Group sediments in the pre-thrust template. Such palaeovalleys may have been eroded along pre-existing discontinuities. In either case, these discontinuities will have contributed to generating step-wise thickness changes in preserved Torridon Group strata prior to Cambro-Ordovician overstep and then contributed to controls on the observed (lateral) variations in thrust architecture and the northwards step-wise thinning of the Achnashellach Culmination towards the Loch Maree Fault. This northern termination of the Achnashellach Culmination demonstrates the importance of the pre-thrust template in constraining the three-dimensional architecture of lateral changes within fold-and-thrust belts.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"52 1","pages":"103 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2015-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three separate till units are recognized on Orkney deposited during the last ice sheet glaciation: the Digger, Scara Taing and Quendal Till members. The Digger Till records an ice advance from the south that extended on to the Atlantic shelf. The Scara Taing Till records a later period of full ice cover when ice moved from the SE out of the Moray Firth and reached Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) limits on the shelf edge. The Quendal Till records a late phase of ice sheet flow from the SE to limits c. 20 km west of Orkney. No till unit or flow set has been identified to confirm the presence of a local ice cap on southern Orkney during the last glaciation. Whilst the blocking presence of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) and the Shetland Ice Cap may have contributed to the deflection of ice flow over Orkney, similar flow patterns also occurred before and after the LGM. Scandinavian erratics on northern Orkney are probably reworked and provide no direct support for the passage of the FIS. Middle to Late Carboniferous palynomorphs found in tills in eastern Orkney may have been reworked from nearby Permian mudstones.
{"title":"The last glaciation in Orkney, Scotland: glacial stratigraphy, event sequence and flow paths","authors":"A. Hall, J. Riding, J. Brown","doi":"10.1144/sjg2016-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2016-002","url":null,"abstract":"Three separate till units are recognized on Orkney deposited during the last ice sheet glaciation: the Digger, Scara Taing and Quendal Till members. The Digger Till records an ice advance from the south that extended on to the Atlantic shelf. The Scara Taing Till records a later period of full ice cover when ice moved from the SE out of the Moray Firth and reached Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) limits on the shelf edge. The Quendal Till records a late phase of ice sheet flow from the SE to limits c. 20 km west of Orkney. No till unit or flow set has been identified to confirm the presence of a local ice cap on southern Orkney during the last glaciation. Whilst the blocking presence of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) and the Shetland Ice Cap may have contributed to the deflection of ice flow over Orkney, similar flow patterns also occurred before and after the LGM. Scandinavian erratics on northern Orkney are probably reworked and provide no direct support for the passage of the FIS. Middle to Late Carboniferous palynomorphs found in tills in eastern Orkney may have been reworked from nearby Permian mudstones.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"52 1","pages":"101 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2016-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews existing information on the last glaciation of Caithness and presents new evidence for additional till units and for long distance ice-flow paths based on till palynomorphs, indicator erratics and striae. Early, radial expansion of Northern Highland ice probably occurred at 31 – 29 ka. After ice withdrawal from the north coast, Moray Firth ice returned before a second withdrawal. Thereafter Moray Firth ice advanced to limits close to the Atlantic shelf edge between 21 and 18 ka. Deglaciation of hill summits was completed by 18.4 – 17.8 ka but the low ground south of Wick only became ice free after 16.5 ka. Recognition of these multiple ice-flow events is consistent with the dynamic behaviour of the last ice sheet exhibited in mathematical simulations. The event sequence differs, however, from nineteenth century and recent two-stage flow set reconstructions as each main flow set is shown to represent multiple events following similar paths but under different ice sheet configurations. Various configurations allow ice to flow northwards across Caithness and so remove any requirement for the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet to directly block and divert the outflow of ice from the Moray Firth during the last glaciation.
{"title":"The last glaciation in Caithness, Scotland: revised till stratigraphy and ice-flow paths indicate multiple ice flow phases","authors":"A. Hall, J. Riding","doi":"10.1144/sjg2016-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2016-001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews existing information on the last glaciation of Caithness and presents new evidence for additional till units and for long distance ice-flow paths based on till palynomorphs, indicator erratics and striae. Early, radial expansion of Northern Highland ice probably occurred at 31 – 29 ka. After ice withdrawal from the north coast, Moray Firth ice returned before a second withdrawal. Thereafter Moray Firth ice advanced to limits close to the Atlantic shelf edge between 21 and 18 ka. Deglaciation of hill summits was completed by 18.4 – 17.8 ka but the low ground south of Wick only became ice free after 16.5 ka. Recognition of these multiple ice-flow events is consistent with the dynamic behaviour of the last ice sheet exhibited in mathematical simulations. The event sequence differs, however, from nineteenth century and recent two-stage flow set reconstructions as each main flow set is shown to represent multiple events following similar paths but under different ice sheet configurations. Various configurations allow ice to flow northwards across Caithness and so remove any requirement for the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet to directly block and divert the outflow of ice from the Moray Firth during the last glaciation.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"52 1","pages":"77 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2016-001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discovery of a sauropod tooth and a single sauropod footprint from the Valtos Formation supplements our knowledge of these dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye. Although the family cannot be determined from this single tooth, it is thought that it represents a primitive eusauropod and may belong to a similar sauropod to that previously described from limited isolated osteological evidence (caudal vertebra, damaged humerus and a rib). The characteristics that suggest this affinity include evidence of denticles on one edge of the tooth, wrinkling and granulation of the enamel, wear suggesting crown-to-crown occlusion, and the spatulate tooth shape. The single sauropod footprint is the oldest record of a sauropod footprint from the Middle Jurassic of Skye. Supplementary material: Surface models of the sauropod footprint from the Valtos Formation produced using Agisoft Photoscan software in obj, ply and stl formats are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3435984
{"title":"New Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) sauropod remains from the Valtos Formation, Isle of Skye, Scotland","authors":"N. Clark, P. Gavin","doi":"10.1144/sjg2015-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2015-010","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of a sauropod tooth and a single sauropod footprint from the Valtos Formation supplements our knowledge of these dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye. Although the family cannot be determined from this single tooth, it is thought that it represents a primitive eusauropod and may belong to a similar sauropod to that previously described from limited isolated osteological evidence (caudal vertebra, damaged humerus and a rib). The characteristics that suggest this affinity include evidence of denticles on one edge of the tooth, wrinkling and granulation of the enamel, wear suggesting crown-to-crown occlusion, and the spatulate tooth shape. The single sauropod footprint is the oldest record of a sauropod footprint from the Middle Jurassic of Skye. Supplementary material: Surface models of the sauropod footprint from the Valtos Formation produced using Agisoft Photoscan software in obj, ply and stl formats are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3435984","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"52 1","pages":"71 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2015-010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64033561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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