E. Handayani, D. Edianto, M. Sahil, L. Tobing, M. R. Yaznil
Background . Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is one of the antioxidant enzymes that maintain the balance of reactive oxygen species. GPx has a notable role in the progression of cancer, including ovarian cancer. Synthesis of this enzyme may be down-regulated in cases of ovarian cancer. As far as we are aware, this has not been studied in an Indonesian population. Objective. To identify the difference in serum GPx levels between ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls. Methods . This was an observational analytical study with a case–control design. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. Serum GPx levels were measured in 20 ovarian cancer patients and 20 control subjects. Results . The types of ovarian cancer identified by histopathology in this study included serous adenocarcinoma ( n =10; 50%) and various non-serous adenocarcinomas (50%). The mean (SD) serum GPx level was significantly lower in the cancer group (295.235 (244.479) mU/mL) than in the control group (743.546 (131.949) mU/mL) ( p 0.226). Conclusion . Serum GPx levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with ovarian cancer than in healthy controls. Further studies are needed to determine an appropriate cut-off level for serum GPx in ovarian cancer in this population.
背景谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）是维持活性氧平衡的抗氧化酶之一。GPx在包括癌症在内的癌症的进展中具有显著作用。这种酶的合成可能在卵巢癌症的情况下被下调。据我们所知，这还没有在印度尼西亚人口中进行研究。目标。确定卵巢癌症患者和健康对照者血清GPx水平的差异。方法。这是一项采用病例对照设计的观察性分析研究。这项研究是在印度尼西亚棉兰Haji Adam Malik医院的妇产科进行的。对20例卵巢癌症患者和20例对照受试者的血清GPx水平进行了测定。结果。在本研究中，组织病理学鉴定的卵巢癌症类型包括浆液性腺癌（n=10；50%）和各种非癌性腺癌（50%）。癌症组血清GPx平均水平（295.235（244.479）mU/mL）显著低于对照组（743.546（131.949）mU/mL）（p 0.226）。发现卵巢癌症患者的血清GPx水平显著低于健康对照组。需要进一步的研究来确定该人群中卵巢癌症患者血清GPx的适当截止水平。
{"title":"Glutathione peroxidase in ovarian cancer patients in Indonesia","authors":"E. Handayani, D. Edianto, M. Sahil, L. Tobing, M. R. Yaznil","doi":"10.7196/SAJOG.1393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJOG.1393","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is one of the antioxidant enzymes that maintain the balance of reactive oxygen species. GPx has a notable role in the progression of cancer, including ovarian cancer. Synthesis of this enzyme may be down-regulated in cases of ovarian cancer. As far as we are aware, this has not been studied in an Indonesian population. Objective. To identify the difference in serum GPx levels between ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls. Methods . This was an observational analytical study with a case–control design. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. Serum GPx levels were measured in 20 ovarian cancer patients and 20 control subjects. Results . The types of ovarian cancer identified by histopathology in this study included serous adenocarcinoma ( n =10; 50%) and various non-serous adenocarcinomas (50%). The mean (SD) serum GPx level was significantly lower in the cancer group (295.235 (244.479) mU/mL) than in the control group (743.546 (131.949) mU/mL) ( p 0.226). Conclusion . Serum GPx levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with ovarian cancer than in healthy controls. Further studies are needed to determine an appropriate cut-off level for serum GPx in ovarian cancer in this population.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/SAJOG.1393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42234036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a gynaecological emergency with implications for maternal morbidity worldwide. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred method of surgical management in most cases, as it has been shown to improve patient outcomes and overall care and to be cost effective and efficient. Objectives. To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for EP management at a secondary hospital, based on incidence rates and comparing surgery-associated variables and outcomes with those in laparotomy. Methods. A retrospective study design was used. All patients who were treated surgically for EP at the Worcester Provincial Hospital were included. The required sample size was 81. Data were collected from patient files and theatre reports. Cases were assigned to one of two cohorts based on the method of surgical management. Results. A total of 84 cases were identified, of which 48 (57.1%) were managed laparoscopically and 36 (42.9%) with laparotomy. The average surgical time was 34.6 minutes and 44.9 minutes for a laparotomy and a laparoscopy, respectively. Patients who were treated laparoscopically required significantly less postoperative pain relief and had shorter hospital stays. Conclusion. This study shows not only that laparoscopy treatment is a feasible option for EP in a secondary-hospital setting in South Africa, but also that the intervention is associated with significantly better patient outcomes than laparotomy. The demonstrated benefits make laparoscopy the preferred treatment modality for EP when surgical intervention is required.
{"title":"The feasibility and advantages of laparoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancy at a secondary hospital in South Africa","authors":"D. Armatas, G. Theron, R. Aronis","doi":"10.7196/SAJOG.1445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJOG.1445","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a gynaecological emergency with implications for maternal morbidity worldwide. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred method of surgical management in most cases, as it has been shown to improve patient outcomes and overall care and to be cost effective and efficient. Objectives. To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for EP management at a secondary hospital, based on incidence rates and comparing surgery-associated variables and outcomes with those in laparotomy. Methods. A retrospective study design was used. All patients who were treated surgically for EP at the Worcester Provincial Hospital were included. The required sample size was 81. Data were collected from patient files and theatre reports. Cases were assigned to one of two cohorts based on the method of surgical management. Results. A total of 84 cases were identified, of which 48 (57.1%) were managed laparoscopically and 36 (42.9%) with laparotomy. The average surgical time was 34.6 minutes and 44.9 minutes for a laparotomy and a laparoscopy, respectively. Patients who were treated laparoscopically required significantly less postoperative pain relief and had shorter hospital stays. Conclusion. This study shows not only that laparoscopy treatment is a feasible option for EP in a secondary-hospital setting in South Africa, but also that the intervention is associated with significantly better patient outcomes than laparotomy. The demonstrated benefits make laparoscopy the preferred treatment modality for EP when surgical intervention is required.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/SAJOG.1445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of congenital anomalies can help prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality. Termination of pregnancy for severe congenital anomalies is permitted under South African law. Objective . To determine factors causing delayed diagnosis of lethal congenital abnormalities requiring late termination of pregnancy at Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods. Medical records of pregnant women who presented with lethal fetal anomalies over a period of 7.5 years were analysed. Patients’ demographic profile, the interval from referral to feticide, gestational age at first scan and diagnosis, type of anomaly and feticide methods were considered. The cohort was divided in two groups based on timing of termination (i.e. earlier than 28 weeks and later than 28 weeks’ gestation) for statistical comparison. Results. The majority of women ( n =45; 78.9%) were younger than 35 years and had no chronic medical conditions or risk factors ( n =40; 70%). Although 30 women (52.6%) had been booked for antenatal examination early in their pregnancy, only three (5.2%) had a first-trimester scan. Mean time to referral was not significantly different between the women whose pregnancies terminated earlier than 28 weeks and those with a termination after 28 weeks ( p =0.671). Conclusion. A basic ultrasound scan in the second trimester is recommended for all pregnant women. Task shifting can be a viable option to provide this facility at primary and secondary health centres. A national registry should be established to document all late terminations for fetal anomalies.
{"title":"Late termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies: Experience at a tertiary-care hospital in South Africa","authors":"Fauziasham Shahid, P. Soma-Pillay","doi":"10.7196/SAJOG.1402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJOG.1402","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of congenital anomalies can help prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality. Termination of pregnancy for severe congenital anomalies is permitted under South African law. Objective . To determine factors causing delayed diagnosis of lethal congenital abnormalities requiring late termination of pregnancy at Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods. Medical records of pregnant women who presented with lethal fetal anomalies over a period of 7.5 years were analysed. Patients’ demographic profile, the interval from referral to feticide, gestational age at first scan and diagnosis, type of anomaly and feticide methods were considered. The cohort was divided in two groups based on timing of termination (i.e. earlier than 28 weeks and later than 28 weeks’ gestation) for statistical comparison. Results. The majority of women ( n =45; 78.9%) were younger than 35 years and had no chronic medical conditions or risk factors ( n =40; 70%). Although 30 women (52.6%) had been booked for antenatal examination early in their pregnancy, only three (5.2%) had a first-trimester scan. Mean time to referral was not significantly different between the women whose pregnancies terminated earlier than 28 weeks and those with a termination after 28 weeks ( p =0.671). Conclusion. A basic ultrasound scan in the second trimester is recommended for all pregnant women. Task shifting can be a viable option to provide this facility at primary and secondary health centres. A national registry should be established to document all late terminations for fetal anomalies.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/SAJOG.1402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49647455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Procalcitonin: Blood tests are useful but must be interpreted with caution – inflammatory markers are no exception","authors":"W. Edridge","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46561703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. J. Steinberg, G. Joubert, A. Adu-Parko, M. Godloza, N. P. Lehasa, N. Manele, N. Moselakgomo, M. Motsoikha
Background. Infectious diseases are transmissible from mother to unborn child. Appropriate treatment during antenatal care is crucial. Objective. To determine whether routine antenatal tests (syphilis, HIV, Rhesus factor) were performed in women delivering at National District Hospital (NDH), Bloemfontein, South Africa, and whether treatment was initiated for women testing positive for these infections. Methods. This descriptive retrospective study consisted of 2 425 women who delivered between January and December 2016. Antenatal care history was obtained from the delivery register. Results. Nearly all women were tested for syphilis (99.1%), HIV (99.9%) and Rhesus factor (99.9%). A third (33.3%) of the patients who tested positive for syphilis were untreated. Of the 27.0% of patients who tested HIV-positive, 99.7% were recorded to have been on treatment. Just over half (54.3%) of the patients who tested Rhesus-negative received prophylaxis. Conclusion. A record of routine antenatal testing of women delivering at NDH was found. The reaction to positive results could improve.
{"title":"Audit of routine tests in the antenatal period in women delivering at National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa, in 2016","authors":"W. J. Steinberg, G. Joubert, A. Adu-Parko, M. Godloza, N. P. Lehasa, N. Manele, N. Moselakgomo, M. Motsoikha","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1438","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Infectious diseases are transmissible from mother to unborn child. Appropriate treatment during antenatal care is crucial. Objective. To determine whether routine antenatal tests (syphilis, HIV, Rhesus factor) were performed in women delivering at National District Hospital (NDH), Bloemfontein, South Africa, and whether treatment was initiated for women testing positive for these infections. Methods. This descriptive retrospective study consisted of 2 425 women who delivered between January and December 2016. Antenatal care history was obtained from the delivery register. Results. Nearly all women were tested for syphilis (99.1%), HIV (99.9%) and Rhesus factor (99.9%). A third (33.3%) of the patients who tested positive for syphilis were untreated. Of the 27.0% of patients who tested HIV-positive, 99.7% were recorded to have been on treatment. Just over half (54.3%) of the patients who tested Rhesus-negative received prophylaxis. Conclusion. A record of routine antenatal testing of women delivering at NDH was found. The reaction to positive results could improve.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43356032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pregnancy is associated with complications ranging from minor ailments to major morbidity and mortality. To prevent such complications, some women, including some in South Africa, resort to the use of traditional medicines. These are meant to either supplement or replace conventional medicines that are offered by their healthcare facilities. Some of these medicines, however, have the potential to cause harm, can increase pregnancy-related complications and may adversely interact with other medicines prescribed during the pregnancy. We present a case of an 18-year-old primigravida who commenced prenatal ingestion of traditional medicine ( moruto wamfene , otherwise called baboon urine) at 28 weeks’ gestation, in an attempt to improve her pregnancy outcomes. However, she instead developed uterine hyperstimulation, fetal bradycardia and thick meconium-stained liquor during labour. This report is intended to raise awareness about prenatal ingestion of traditional medicine (particularly moruto wamfene ), highlights the safety concerns and suggests preventive measures.
{"title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal prenatal ingestion of traditional medicine","authors":"N. Ngene, A. Siveregi","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1423","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is associated with complications ranging from minor ailments to major morbidity and mortality. To prevent such complications, some women, including some in South Africa, resort to the use of traditional medicines. These are meant to either supplement or replace conventional medicines that are offered by their healthcare facilities. Some of these medicines, however, have the potential to cause harm, can increase pregnancy-related complications and may adversely interact with other medicines prescribed during the pregnancy. We present a case of an 18-year-old primigravida who commenced prenatal ingestion of traditional medicine ( moruto wamfene , otherwise called baboon urine) at 28 weeks’ gestation, in an attempt to improve her pregnancy outcomes. However, she instead developed uterine hyperstimulation, fetal bradycardia and thick meconium-stained liquor during labour. This report is intended to raise awareness about prenatal ingestion of traditional medicine (particularly moruto wamfene ), highlights the safety concerns and suggests preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49138939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swyer syndrome, or pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, is a rare disorder of sex development, characterised by the failure of sex gland development (ovaries or testes) in a phenotypic female patient. A 24-year-old woman with this syndrome presented at a tertiary academic hospital in South Africa, complaining of primary amenorrhoea and infertility. After gonadectomy and fertility treatment, a rare successful pregnancy outcome was achieved. A patient with Swyer syndrome, in a specialist fertility programme, can maintain a normal pregnancy and delivery.
{"title":"Successful pregnancy in a patient with Swyer syndrome, or pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis","authors":"A. Chrysostomou, M. Tsuari","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1448","url":null,"abstract":"Swyer syndrome, or pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, is a rare disorder of sex development, characterised by the failure of sex gland development (ovaries or testes) in a phenotypic female patient. A 24-year-old woman with this syndrome presented at a tertiary academic hospital in South Africa, complaining of primary amenorrhoea and infertility. After gonadectomy and fertility treatment, a rare successful pregnancy outcome was achieved. A patient with Swyer syndrome, in a specialist fertility programme, can maintain a normal pregnancy and delivery.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47894457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The combination of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is rare, with only two previous case reports published. Management of the two conditions is vastly different, and the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome superimposed on immune thrombocytopenic purpura may be difficult, resulting in delayed management.
{"title":"A case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by HELLP syndrome","authors":"S. Prithipal","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1353","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is rare, with only two previous case reports published. Management of the two conditions is vastly different, and the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome superimposed on immune thrombocytopenic purpura may be difficult, resulting in delayed management.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44604589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents","authors":"Gertrude Fani","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hajiesmaello, E. Mohammadi, H. Farrokh-Eslamlou
Background. The intrauterine device (IUD) is among the most efficient contraceptive methods. However, IUD insertion is accompanied by pain and discomfort. Objectives. To evaluate the analgesic effects of 10% lidocaine spray in reducing pain during IUD insertion. Method. In a randomised clinical trial, 80 volunteers attending two clinics for IUD insertion were selected for study, and randomly allocated to two groups. The intervention group received four puffs of 10% lidocaine spray on their cervix prior to IUD insertion. The routine procedure (without an analgesic) was followed in the control group. The intensity of perceived pain in both groups was measured using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. Results. The two groups had significant differences in pain intensity at all stages of the procedure ( p <0.001). The most painful stage of the procedure was tenaculum placement (mean (standard deviation) pain intensity 2.2 (1.34) in the intervention group; 4.25 (1.92) in the control group). Conclusion. Based on our findings, 10% lidocaine spray can be applied as a non-invasive, inexpensive, easy-to-use and accessible method to decrease IUD insertion pain.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of 10% lidocaine spray on reducing the pain of intrauterine device insertion: A randomised controlled trial","authors":"M. Hajiesmaello, E. Mohammadi, H. Farrokh-Eslamlou","doi":"10.7196/sajog.1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajog.1383","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The intrauterine device (IUD) is among the most efficient contraceptive methods. However, IUD insertion is accompanied by pain and discomfort. Objectives. To evaluate the analgesic effects of 10% lidocaine spray in reducing pain during IUD insertion. Method. In a randomised clinical trial, 80 volunteers attending two clinics for IUD insertion were selected for study, and randomly allocated to two groups. The intervention group received four puffs of 10% lidocaine spray on their cervix prior to IUD insertion. The routine procedure (without an analgesic) was followed in the control group. The intensity of perceived pain in both groups was measured using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. Results. The two groups had significant differences in pain intensity at all stages of the procedure ( p <0.001). The most painful stage of the procedure was tenaculum placement (mean (standard deviation) pain intensity 2.2 (1.34) in the intervention group; 4.25 (1.92) in the control group). Conclusion. Based on our findings, 10% lidocaine spray can be applied as a non-invasive, inexpensive, easy-to-use and accessible method to decrease IUD insertion pain.","PeriodicalId":49579,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7196/sajog.1383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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