Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.09
Ashlesha Atri, N. R. Bhardwaj, A.K. Roy, Amrinder Kaur
Downy mildew incited by Sclerospora graminicola is the main hurdle in the successful cultivation of pearl millet and is capable of causing more than 60% losses in terms of grain and fodder yields. The disease could be managed by fungicide applications but due to several associated environmental and health-related issues, there was a necessity to formulate some eco-friendly measures for downy mildew management. Thus attempts were made to find out the usefulness of three biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride) and two fungicides (mancozeb 64% + metalaxyl 4% and metalaxyl) under field conditions for three seasons (2017-2019) against downy mildew. The least downy mildew incidence (14.37%) was observed with seed treatment + foliar spray of B. subtilis as compared to untreated control (31.30%) with 54.10% disease reduction followed by seed treatment + foliar spray of P. fluorescens (17.58% disease incidence) with 43.82% disease control. The same treatments were significantly superior over others in increasing the green fodder yield by 56.59 and 40.79% respectively. Another treatment proven effective was seed treatment + two foliar sprays of T. viride which provided more than 43% reduction in downy mildew incidence as compared to chemical check which provided 30% disease control and increase in green fodder yield. These findings advocated the potential use of biocontrol agents against downy mildew of pearl millet in an eco-friendly manner.
{"title":"Efficacy of biocontrol agents against Sclerospora graminicola causing downy mildew in fodder pearl millet","authors":"Ashlesha Atri, N. R. Bhardwaj, A.K. Roy, Amrinder Kaur","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Downy mildew incited by Sclerospora graminicola is the main hurdle in the successful cultivation of pearl millet and is capable of causing more than 60% losses in terms of grain and fodder yields. The disease could be managed by fungicide applications but due to several associated environmental and health-related issues, there was a necessity to formulate some eco-friendly measures for downy mildew management. Thus attempts were made to find out the usefulness of three biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride) and two fungicides (mancozeb 64% + metalaxyl 4% and metalaxyl) under field conditions for three seasons (2017-2019) against downy mildew. The least downy mildew incidence (14.37%) was observed with seed treatment + foliar spray of B. subtilis as compared to untreated control (31.30%) with 54.10% disease reduction followed by seed treatment + foliar spray of P. fluorescens (17.58% disease incidence) with 43.82% disease control. The same treatments were significantly superior over others in increasing the green fodder yield by 56.59 and 40.79% respectively. Another treatment proven effective was seed treatment + two foliar sprays of T. viride which provided more than 43% reduction in downy mildew incidence as compared to chemical check which provided 30% disease control and increase in green fodder yield. These findings advocated the potential use of biocontrol agents against downy mildew of pearl millet in an eco-friendly manner.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.14
Amit K. Singh, J. B. Singh, Bappa Das, Ramesh Singh, Avijit Ghosh, S.R. Kantwa
Reference evapotranspiration (ET ) is controlled by climatic factors; hence, its estimation provides an idea 0 about the atmospheric demand of water. Machine learning techniques like elastic net (ELNET), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), partial least squares regression (PSLR), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), XGBoost and cubist were employed to predict daily reference evapotranspiration based on daily weather parameters of twenty years. Penman-Monteith method was used as the reference method for ET estimation. All models performed well during calibration showing 0 higher coefficient of determination (R2) which ranged from 0.97 (for PLSR) to 1 (for cubist models). Mean absolute error during calibration ranges from 0.027 mm d-1 for cubist to 0.607 mm d-1 for ELNET. Cubist model (R2 = 1, MAE = 0.017 mm d-1, RMSE = 0.027 mm d-1) outperformed other models during the calibration. During validation, the coefficient of determination (R2) for the machine learning models varied from 0.819 to 1, RMSE varied from 0.06 to 0.60 mm d-1 and MAE varied from 0.031 to 0.38 mm d-1. Based on statistical parameters, best performance was observed for cubist model (R2 = 1, RMSE = 0.06 mm d-1, MAE = 0.031 mm d-1) among the studied machine learning models for the prediction of reference evapotranspiration. Hence, the cubist model may be used to estimate daily reference evapotranspiration for the studied region.
参考蒸散发(ET)受气候因子控制;因此，它的估算提供了一个关于大气对水需求的概念。采用弹性网(ELNET)、k近邻(KNN)、多元自适应样条回归(MARS)、偏最小二乘回归(PSLR)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量回归(SVR)、XGBoost和cubist等机器学习技术，基于20年逐日天气参数预测参考蒸散量。Penman-Monteith法作为ET估算的参考方法。所有模型在校准期间表现良好，显示出0较高的决定系数(R2)，其范围从0.97 (PLSR)到1(立体派模型)。校准期间的平均绝对误差范围从cubist的0.027 mm d-1到ELNET的0.607 mm d-1。立体模型(R2 = 1, MAE = 0.017 mm d-1, RMSE = 0.027 mm d-1)的校正效果优于其他模型。在验证过程中，机器学习模型的决定系数(R2)范围为0.819至1,RMSE范围为0.06至0.60 mm d-1, MAE范围为0.031至0.38 mm d-1。基于统计参数，立体模型(R2 = 1, RMSE = 0.06 mm d-1, MAE = 0.031 mm d-1)在预测参考蒸散的机器学习模型中表现最好。因此，立体模型可用于估算研究区域的日参考蒸散量。
{"title":"Evaluation of machine learning models for prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration in semi-arid India","authors":"Amit K. Singh, J. B. Singh, Bappa Das, Ramesh Singh, Avijit Ghosh, S.R. Kantwa","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Reference evapotranspiration (ET ) is controlled by climatic factors; hence, its estimation provides an idea 0 about the atmospheric demand of water. Machine learning techniques like elastic net (ELNET), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), partial least squares regression (PSLR), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), XGBoost and cubist were employed to predict daily reference evapotranspiration based on daily weather parameters of twenty years. Penman-Monteith method was used as the reference method for ET estimation. All models performed well during calibration showing 0 higher coefficient of determination (R2) which ranged from 0.97 (for PLSR) to 1 (for cubist models). Mean absolute error during calibration ranges from 0.027 mm d-1 for cubist to 0.607 mm d-1 for ELNET. Cubist model (R2 = 1, MAE = 0.017 mm d-1, RMSE = 0.027 mm d-1) outperformed other models during the calibration. During validation, the coefficient of determination (R2) for the machine learning models varied from 0.819 to 1, RMSE varied from 0.06 to 0.60 mm d-1 and MAE varied from 0.031 to 0.38 mm d-1. Based on statistical parameters, best performance was observed for cubist model (R2 = 1, RMSE = 0.06 mm d-1, MAE = 0.031 mm d-1) among the studied machine learning models for the prediction of reference evapotranspiration. Hence, the cubist model may be used to estimate daily reference evapotranspiration for the studied region.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physiological and biochemical analyses of three halophytes were conducted to explore their tolerance and phytoremediation potential. The halophytes Urochondra setulosa, Sporobolus marginatus and Leptochloa fusca were categorised based on gas exchange attributes, antioxidant system, biomass production under soil salinity (ECe 30-50 dS/m) and sodicity (pH 9.5-10). L. fusca and S. marginatus produced slightly higher biomass under the sodic condition of pH 9.5, while in U. setulosa, it increased under salinity stress. Under sodic conditions, L. fusca showed less reduction in potassium content and maintained a higher K+/Na+ ratio in their leaf tissues. A maximum decrease in net photosynthesis was observed in L. fusca (28.55%) at ECe ~ 50 dS m-1 while minimum in S. marginatus (13.73%) at pH ~ 10.0. Comparatively, U. setulosa showed higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than L. fusca and S. marginatus. At the highest pH and salinity, the antioxidant activities of enzymes APX, SOD, GR and POX increased in all three halophytes. Quantitative expression of MnSOD, NHX1 and FuSOS1 genes in all three halophytes increased with salt stresses. Based on these indicators, these halophytes were categorised as salt-tolerant or alkaline-stress-tolerant.
{"title":"Understanding physiological and molecular adaptations of three diverse halophytic grasses under saline and sodic stresses","authors":"Charu Lata, Ashwani Kumar, Naresh Kumar, Gurpreet Kaur, Sulekha Rani, Anita Mann","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological and biochemical analyses of three halophytes were conducted to explore their tolerance and phytoremediation potential. The halophytes Urochondra setulosa, Sporobolus marginatus and Leptochloa fusca were categorised based on gas exchange attributes, antioxidant system, biomass production under soil salinity (ECe 30-50 dS/m) and sodicity (pH 9.5-10). L. fusca and S. marginatus produced slightly higher biomass under the sodic condition of pH 9.5, while in U. setulosa, it increased under salinity stress. Under sodic conditions, L. fusca showed less reduction in potassium content and maintained a higher K+/Na+ ratio in their leaf tissues. A maximum decrease in net photosynthesis was observed in L. fusca (28.55%) at ECe ~ 50 dS m-1 while minimum in S. marginatus (13.73%) at pH ~ 10.0. Comparatively, U. setulosa showed higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than L. fusca and S. marginatus. At the highest pH and salinity, the antioxidant activities of enzymes APX, SOD, GR and POX increased in all three halophytes. Quantitative expression of MnSOD, NHX1 and FuSOS1 genes in all three halophytes increased with salt stresses. Based on these indicators, these halophytes were categorised as salt-tolerant or alkaline-stress-tolerant.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of eight fodder-based cropping systems (CS) in Indo-gangetic plain region (IGP) viz., sole napier bajra hybrid (CS ), sole guinea grass (CS ), napier bajra hybrid + cowpea (Kharif)/ 1 2 berseem (Rabi) (CS ), guinea grass + cowpea (Kharif)/ oats (Rabi) (CS ), multicut sorghum-berseem (Rabi) 3 4 (CS ), cowpea-maize-oats (CS ), baby corn-cowpea-chinese cabbage (Rabi) (CS ), summer moong–multicut 5 6 7 sorghum–ryegrass (Rabi) (CS ). The results revealed that selection of the crops in different cropping systems 8 significantly influenced green fodder yield and fodder quality. Among various fodder base cropping systems, NBH + cowpea/ berseem system was recorded with significantly higher green fodder (177 t/ha/year) and dry fodder (31.5 t/ha/year) yields and also fodder quality attributes. The highest crude protein yield (40.7 q/ha/year) was also recorded in NBH + cowpea/ berseem intercropping system. In terms of economics, the highest gross and net returns were obtained from baby corn-cowpea-chinese cabbage (Rs 3.15 and 2.40 lakh/ha/year, respectively), closely followed by NBH + cowpea/ berseem (Rs 2.74 and 2.15 lakh/ha/year, respectively). To ensure the year-round availability of quality fodder for dairy-based farmers, cultivation of the NBH + cowpea/ berseem cropping system proved to be a viable option.
{"title":"Quality, productivity and profitability of diversified fodder-based cropping systems for year-round fodder production in Indo-gangetic plains of India","authors":"R.K. Meena, P.S. Hindoriya, Rakesh Kumar, Hardev Ram, Magan Singh, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of eight fodder-based cropping systems (CS) in Indo-gangetic plain region (IGP) viz., sole napier bajra hybrid (CS ), sole guinea grass (CS ), napier bajra hybrid + cowpea (Kharif)/ 1 2 berseem (Rabi) (CS ), guinea grass + cowpea (Kharif)/ oats (Rabi) (CS ), multicut sorghum-berseem (Rabi) 3 4 (CS ), cowpea-maize-oats (CS ), baby corn-cowpea-chinese cabbage (Rabi) (CS ), summer moong–multicut 5 6 7 sorghum–ryegrass (Rabi) (CS ). The results revealed that selection of the crops in different cropping systems 8 significantly influenced green fodder yield and fodder quality. Among various fodder base cropping systems, NBH + cowpea/ berseem system was recorded with significantly higher green fodder (177 t/ha/year) and dry fodder (31.5 t/ha/year) yields and also fodder quality attributes. The highest crude protein yield (40.7 q/ha/year) was also recorded in NBH + cowpea/ berseem intercropping system. In terms of economics, the highest gross and net returns were obtained from baby corn-cowpea-chinese cabbage (Rs 3.15 and 2.40 lakh/ha/year, respectively), closely followed by NBH + cowpea/ berseem (Rs 2.74 and 2.15 lakh/ha/year, respectively). To ensure the year-round availability of quality fodder for dairy-based farmers, cultivation of the NBH + cowpea/ berseem cropping system proved to be a viable option.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.22
Khem Chand, R. V. Kumar, S. S. Meena, Nagaratna Biradar, B.B. Choudhary, Avijit Ghosh, D. R. Palsaniya, S.K. Mahanta, R.P. Nagar, H.S. Meena, Prabhat Kishore
The present study analyzed environmental benefits and economic feasibility of developing pasturelands in Tonk district of Rajasthan, India. The project evaluation techniques such as internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio, payback period and net present worth were used for assessing the financial viability. Quantification of the environmental benefit in term of carbon sequestration was done analysing total soil organic carbon concentration using isotopic mass spectrometer. Assuming project life of 7 years and discounting rate of interest 10.5 per cent, analysis showed that net present worth of the project was Rs.32.28 lakh and payback period was just 6 years. The internal rate of return of the project was 74 per cent and discounted benefit-cost ratio was 2.17. Carbon concentration in intervened pasture land was increased by ~10% over without intervened pastureland due to better development of grasses at top 15 cm of soil layer. Monetising carbon credit, additional benefit of $12.24 per ha was attained with pasture land development in the form of carbon credit.
{"title":"Financial and environmental impact analysis of developing common pasturelands","authors":"Khem Chand, R. V. Kumar, S. S. Meena, Nagaratna Biradar, B.B. Choudhary, Avijit Ghosh, D. R. Palsaniya, S.K. Mahanta, R.P. Nagar, H.S. Meena, Prabhat Kishore","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The present study analyzed environmental benefits and economic feasibility of developing pasturelands in Tonk district of Rajasthan, India. The project evaluation techniques such as internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio, payback period and net present worth were used for assessing the financial viability. Quantification of the environmental benefit in term of carbon sequestration was done analysing total soil organic carbon concentration using isotopic mass spectrometer. Assuming project life of 7 years and discounting rate of interest 10.5 per cent, analysis showed that net present worth of the project was Rs.32.28 lakh and payback period was just 6 years. The internal rate of return of the project was 74 per cent and discounted benefit-cost ratio was 2.17. Carbon concentration in intervened pasture land was increased by ~10% over without intervened pastureland due to better development of grasses at top 15 cm of soil layer. Monetising carbon credit, additional benefit of $12.24 per ha was attained with pasture land development in the form of carbon credit.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.25
S.R. Kantwa, P. Govindasamy, D.R. Palsaniya, R. Srinivasan, Ramanjit Kaur, Rishi Raj, Gopal Tiwari
Weed management is impeccable for achieving the self-sufficiency in the availability of quality forage. Effective and environmentally sound weed management options are required at this time. Hence, a study was initiated with an objective to study the effect of post emergence (POE) application of propaquizafop and the combination of stale seedbed technique (SST) fb propaquizafop POE (0.075 kg a.i. ha-1) on the weed control and yield of berseem. The results showed that the combination of SST fb propaquizafop POE was superior on berseem plant m-2, grass weed (GW) density and biomass, broadleaf weeds (BL) density and green fodder yield (GFY). However, SST fb propaquizafop POE and propaquizafop POE alone was comparable with the grass weed density and biomass throughout the study. Furthermore, it indicates that POE application of propaquizafop is not an effective option for BL control in berseem. Furthermore, the weed problem is a threat throughout the growth period of the crop. Therefore, applying herbicides (propaquizafop POE at 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1) for grassy weed control or manual weeding at 10 days after each cut, could be a worthwhile option for broad-spectrum weed control and higher yield in berseem.
杂草管理对于实现优质牧草的自给自足是无可挑剔的。此时需要有效和无害环境的杂草管理方案。为此，本研究旨在研究出苗期后施用propaquizafop (0.075 kg a.i. ha-1)与陈化苗床技术(SST)联合施用propaquizafop (0.075 kg a.i. ha-1)对白丝菊杂草控制和产量的影响。结果表明:SST - fb - prozzzzap - POE组合对禾本科植物m-2、禾本科杂草(GW)密度和生物量、阔叶杂草(BL)密度和青饲料产量(GFY)均有显著优势。然而，在整个研究过程中，SST、propaquizafop POE和propaquizafop POE单独与杂草密度和生物量相当。此外，这表明POE应用的适当的afop不是一个有效的选择，以控制BL在北京。此外，杂草问题在作物的整个生长期都是一个威胁。因此，采用0.075 kg a.i. ha-1的除草剂或每次刈割后10天进行人工除草，可能是一种值得选择的广谱杂草控制和更高产量的选择。
{"title":"Integrated weed control measures for higher yield of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)","authors":"S.R. Kantwa, P. Govindasamy, D.R. Palsaniya, R. Srinivasan, Ramanjit Kaur, Rishi Raj, Gopal Tiwari","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Weed management is impeccable for achieving the self-sufficiency in the availability of quality forage. Effective and environmentally sound weed management options are required at this time. Hence, a study was initiated with an objective to study the effect of post emergence (POE) application of propaquizafop and the combination of stale seedbed technique (SST) fb propaquizafop POE (0.075 kg a.i. ha-1) on the weed control and yield of berseem. The results showed that the combination of SST fb propaquizafop POE was superior on berseem plant m-2, grass weed (GW) density and biomass, broadleaf weeds (BL) density and green fodder yield (GFY). However, SST fb propaquizafop POE and propaquizafop POE alone was comparable with the grass weed density and biomass throughout the study. Furthermore, it indicates that POE application of propaquizafop is not an effective option for BL control in berseem. Furthermore, the weed problem is a threat throughout the growth period of the crop. Therefore, applying herbicides (propaquizafop POE at 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1) for grassy weed control or manual weeding at 10 days after each cut, could be a worthwhile option for broad-spectrum weed control and higher yield in berseem.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.23
Maninder Kaur, Harpreet Kaur Oberoi
An experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during two consecutive years i.e., 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of dates of sowing and pearl millet varieties on productivity and quality of green fodder and thermal utilization by the crop. The field experiment was laid-out in a split plot design with seven dates of sowing (1st April, 15th April, 1st May, 1st June, 15th June, 1st July and 15th July) in main plots and two varieties of pearl millet (PCB 165 and FBC 16) in sub plots with three replicates. Significantly highest green fodder yield (69.3 t/ha) was obtained with 1st June sowing which was probably on account of maximum plant height and number of tillers. The 1st June sown crop also recorded significantly highest dry matter and crude protein yield of 15.0 t/ha and 0.95 t/ha, respectively. Both advanced and delayed sowings recorded significant reduction in green fodder and dry matter yield. The crop sown on 1st May required maximum growing degree days, photo-thermal and helio thermal units at 50% flowering stage and sowing done early as well as late recorded significant reduction in these agro-climatic indices. Across different dates of sowing, PCB 165 registered an increase of 11.9 and 12.4% in green fodder and dry matter yields, respectively over FBC 16 due to higher accumulation of growing degree days, photo-thermal and helio thermal units for 50% flowering stage. The interaction effect showed that PCB 165 sown on 1st May, 1st and 15th June recorded significantly more green fodder yield over FBC 16, while the differences were narrow and non-significant at other dates of sowing.
{"title":"Production potential, quality and thermal utilization of fodder pearl millet varieties under different sowing environments in irrigated conditions of central Punjab in India","authors":"Maninder Kaur, Harpreet Kaur Oberoi","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during two consecutive years i.e., 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of dates of sowing and pearl millet varieties on productivity and quality of green fodder and thermal utilization by the crop. The field experiment was laid-out in a split plot design with seven dates of sowing (1st April, 15th April, 1st May, 1st June, 15th June, 1st July and 15th July) in main plots and two varieties of pearl millet (PCB 165 and FBC 16) in sub plots with three replicates. Significantly highest green fodder yield (69.3 t/ha) was obtained with 1st June sowing which was probably on account of maximum plant height and number of tillers. The 1st June sown crop also recorded significantly highest dry matter and crude protein yield of 15.0 t/ha and 0.95 t/ha, respectively. Both advanced and delayed sowings recorded significant reduction in green fodder and dry matter yield. The crop sown on 1st May required maximum growing degree days, photo-thermal and helio thermal units at 50% flowering stage and sowing done early as well as late recorded significant reduction in these agro-climatic indices. Across different dates of sowing, PCB 165 registered an increase of 11.9 and 12.4% in green fodder and dry matter yields, respectively over FBC 16 due to higher accumulation of growing degree days, photo-thermal and helio thermal units for 50% flowering stage. The interaction effect showed that PCB 165 sown on 1st May, 1st and 15th June recorded significantly more green fodder yield over FBC 16, while the differences were narrow and non-significant at other dates of sowing.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.11
P. Masilamani, V. Alex Albert, S. Selvam, K. Kumaran
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different methods of de-pulping on viability, germination, seedling vigour and the economics of post-harvest seed management in terms of its quality for seedling production and industrial application. The physiologically matured ripe yellowish green-coloured fruits of neem were harvested manually, and the seeds were extracted by manual and mechanical de-pulping. In each method, skin weight (kg), pulp weight (kg), man-hour requirements, cost of de-pulping (Rs/kg), seed recovery (%) and moisture content (%) were calculated. After de-pulping, seeds were manually washed with water and time taken for washing the de-pulped seeds was also calculated. After that seeds were dried in threshing yard and moisture content of seed was calculated. Dried seeds were processed using cleaner cum grader in mechanical method and sieves in manual method. In both the methods, fruit to seed recovery (%) were calculated. The effect of manual and mechanical seed extraction on viability (%), germination (%) and seedling vigour was analyzed. Results revealed that mechanical method of de-pulping (45.5kg) exhibited an additional wet seed weight of 1.5kg compared to manual method (44kg). The seed recovery from one ton of neem fruits was 170.5 kg in manual de-pulping and 164 kg in mechanical de-pulping. The processing cost of one kg of neem seed was Rs.9.03 for manual de-pulping and Rs.2.49 for mechanical de-pulping. Among the two methods of seed extraction, even though there was not much variation in seed recovery, germination and seedling vigour, mechanical method had the advantage of 160 minutes less time duration for extraction and minimal processing cost per kg of seed extraction with higher seedling vigour index.
{"title":"Effect of different methods of depulping on viability, germination, seedling vigour and its economic analysis in neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)","authors":"P. Masilamani, V. Alex Albert, S. Selvam, K. Kumaran","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different methods of de-pulping on viability, germination, seedling vigour and the economics of post-harvest seed management in terms of its quality for seedling production and industrial application. The physiologically matured ripe yellowish green-coloured fruits of neem were harvested manually, and the seeds were extracted by manual and mechanical de-pulping. In each method, skin weight (kg), pulp weight (kg), man-hour requirements, cost of de-pulping (Rs/kg), seed recovery (%) and moisture content (%) were calculated. After de-pulping, seeds were manually washed with water and time taken for washing the de-pulped seeds was also calculated. After that seeds were dried in threshing yard and moisture content of seed was calculated. Dried seeds were processed using cleaner cum grader in mechanical method and sieves in manual method. In both the methods, fruit to seed recovery (%) were calculated. The effect of manual and mechanical seed extraction on viability (%), germination (%) and seedling vigour was analyzed. Results revealed that mechanical method of de-pulping (45.5kg) exhibited an additional wet seed weight of 1.5kg compared to manual method (44kg). The seed recovery from one ton of neem fruits was 170.5 kg in manual de-pulping and 164 kg in mechanical de-pulping. The processing cost of one kg of neem seed was Rs.9.03 for manual de-pulping and Rs.2.49 for mechanical de-pulping. Among the two methods of seed extraction, even though there was not much variation in seed recovery, germination and seedling vigour, mechanical method had the advantage of 160 minutes less time duration for extraction and minimal processing cost per kg of seed extraction with higher seedling vigour index.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.24
S. Jhonsonraju, A. Krishna, A. Madhavilata, T. Chaitanya, Ch.Chandra Sekhar
The yield and economics of fodders in custard apple-based horti-pastoral system were recorded in this study. The experiment was conducted with two fodders in main plots and 7 nutrient management practices along with control in sub-plots in a split plot design and it was replicated thrice in between the custard apple trees. M. maximus recorded significantly higher total GFY and total DFY, and significantly higher net returns over C. ciliaris. 75% RDN + 25% N through PGLM showed significantly higher yields and net returns, which had parity with T , T and T treatments
{"title":"Influence of integrated nutrient management practices on yield and economics of fodders in custard apple based horti-pastoral system","authors":"S. Jhonsonraju, A. Krishna, A. Madhavilata, T. Chaitanya, Ch.Chandra Sekhar","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"The yield and economics of fodders in custard apple-based horti-pastoral system were recorded in this study. The experiment was conducted with two fodders in main plots and 7 nutrient management practices along with control in sub-plots in a split plot design and it was replicated thrice in between the custard apple trees. M. maximus recorded significantly higher total GFY and total DFY, and significantly higher net returns over C. ciliaris. 75% RDN + 25% N through PGLM showed significantly higher yields and net returns, which had parity with T , T and T treatments","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To induce genetic variability in oat for powdery mildew resistance and yield traits, two cultivars of oat viz., HJ-8 and Kent were treated with gamma rays (200 Gy, 300 Gy and 400 Gy), EMS (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% v/v) and their respective combinations. Powdery mildew disease reaction, germination (%) and survivability (%) were recorded for M generation during Rabi 2018. M generation was screened in augmented block design for 1 2 various yield traits, chlorophyll mutants and powdery mildew resistance in Rabi 2019. LD values of EMS- 50 treated HJ-8 and Kent cultivars were 1.40% and 0.84%, respectively using Probit analysis, which indicated that LD value varied from genotype to genotype. The highest number of powdery mildew-resistant putative 50 mutants for both cultivars was observed for combined treatments in M generation. Five chlorophyll mutants 1 were observed in M generation. The highest mutagenic effectiveness for HJ-8 was observed for 0.9% EMS, 2 while in case of Kent, it was 0.3%. Analysis of variance revealed sufficient variation was generated in the treatments for all the traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance recorded for days to flowering initiation, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index and 100-grain weight indicated additive gene action with negligible environmental effects. Grain yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation and direct effect with biological yield per plant and 100-grain weight. Maximum M mutants were 2 unique as they fall in different quadrants of PCA-biplot. Thirty-three putative mutants resistant to powdery mildew were obtained in M generation. These putative mutants could be used in oat improvement programme.
{"title":"Assessment of induced genetic variability for yield traits and powdery mildew resistance in oat","authors":"Sahil Sindhu, V.K. Sood, Sawan Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Sanadya","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.06","url":null,"abstract":"To induce genetic variability in oat for powdery mildew resistance and yield traits, two cultivars of oat viz., HJ-8 and Kent were treated with gamma rays (200 Gy, 300 Gy and 400 Gy), EMS (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% v/v) and their respective combinations. Powdery mildew disease reaction, germination (%) and survivability (%) were recorded for M generation during Rabi 2018. M generation was screened in augmented block design for 1 2 various yield traits, chlorophyll mutants and powdery mildew resistance in Rabi 2019. LD values of EMS- 50 treated HJ-8 and Kent cultivars were 1.40% and 0.84%, respectively using Probit analysis, which indicated that LD value varied from genotype to genotype. The highest number of powdery mildew-resistant putative 50 mutants for both cultivars was observed for combined treatments in M generation. Five chlorophyll mutants 1 were observed in M generation. The highest mutagenic effectiveness for HJ-8 was observed for 0.9% EMS, 2 while in case of Kent, it was 0.3%. Analysis of variance revealed sufficient variation was generated in the treatments for all the traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance recorded for days to flowering initiation, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index and 100-grain weight indicated additive gene action with negligible environmental effects. Grain yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation and direct effect with biological yield per plant and 100-grain weight. Maximum M mutants were 2 unique as they fall in different quadrants of PCA-biplot. Thirty-three putative mutants resistant to powdery mildew were obtained in M generation. These putative mutants could be used in oat improvement programme.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"403 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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