Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.13
Ravinder Kaur, Anurag Singh, S.S. Dhaliwal
The study comprised of five land uses viz., sites having continuous poplar (Populus deltoides)-based agroforestry system (AFS) for 10, 20 and 30 years, fodder [pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)/ sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)]-fodder [oats (Avena sativa)/ berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)] (F-F) rotation and fallow land (control) to determine depthwise (0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) changes in total C (TC), soil inorganic C (SIC), soil organic C (SOC), total organic C (TOC) and its fractions in different land uses. The TOC pools consisting of very labile C (VLC), labile C (LC), less labile C (LLC) and recalcitrant C (RC) were determined. Fallow land had highest (1.53 Mg m-3) whereas 30 years AFS had lowest bulk density (1.42 Mg m-3) of the surface soil depth. The TC, SOC and TOC stocks followed the order: AFS > F-F > FL in various soil depths. The active carbon (AC) pools (VLC + LC) were higher in 10-year plantation cycle (62.3% of TOC) than 30-year cycle (32.9% of TOC), whereas the passive carbon (PC) pools (LLC + RC) were higher in 30-year plantation cycle (67.1%) than in 10 years (37.7%) in surface depth. The contribution of LLC to PC was higher in 30-year plantation cycle (65%) than in 10-year plantation cycle (48%). Therefore, long-term adoption of poplar based agroforestry system plays a significant role in sequestration of resistant carbon pools in the soils.
{"title":"Impact of chronosequence of poplar based agroforestry system on storage of soil organic carbon in active and recalcitrant pools","authors":"Ravinder Kaur, Anurag Singh, S.S. Dhaliwal","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The study comprised of five land uses viz., sites having continuous poplar (Populus deltoides)-based agroforestry system (AFS) for 10, 20 and 30 years, fodder [pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)/ sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)]-fodder [oats (Avena sativa)/ berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)] (F-F) rotation and fallow land (control) to determine depthwise (0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) changes in total C (TC), soil inorganic C (SIC), soil organic C (SOC), total organic C (TOC) and its fractions in different land uses. The TOC pools consisting of very labile C (VLC), labile C (LC), less labile C (LLC) and recalcitrant C (RC) were determined. Fallow land had highest (1.53 Mg m-3) whereas 30 years AFS had lowest bulk density (1.42 Mg m-3) of the surface soil depth. The TC, SOC and TOC stocks followed the order: AFS > F-F > FL in various soil depths. The active carbon (AC) pools (VLC + LC) were higher in 10-year plantation cycle (62.3% of TOC) than 30-year cycle (32.9% of TOC), whereas the passive carbon (PC) pools (LLC + RC) were higher in 30-year plantation cycle (67.1%) than in 10 years (37.7%) in surface depth. The contribution of LLC to PC was higher in 30-year plantation cycle (65%) than in 10-year plantation cycle (48%). Therefore, long-term adoption of poplar based agroforestry system plays a significant role in sequestration of resistant carbon pools in the soils.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate effect of bacterial inoculants and their combinations with exogenous enzymes and chemical additives on the fermentation characteristics of maize silage at various ensiling periods. Five treatments were prepared viz., bacterial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) (control), combination of LP+LF with xylanase enzyme (X), combination of LP+LF with cellulase enzyme (C), combination of LP+LF with X+C and combination of LP+LF with propionic acid (PA). Among the treatments, LP+LF+X+C additive treated silage had minimum dry matter loss throughout ensiling period. There was no significant difference in pH between LP+LF+X+C and LP+LF+X treated silage, but numerically pH value was lower in LP+LF+X+C treated silage. Lactic acid content significantly declined as ensiling period progresses but there was no significant difference among LP+LF+X+C, LP+LF+X treated silage and 15th, 25th days of ensiling. Lactic acid to acetic acid ratio was significantly improved in LP+LF+X+C treated silage as compared to other treatment combinations. The microbial count of silage was increased up to the 15th day of ensiling. This study concluded that desirable pH, lactic acid and flieg point required for good quality silage could be achieved on 15th day of ensiling in silages treated with LP+LF+X+C and LP+LF+X additive combination.
{"title":"Effect of bacterial inoculants and their combination with enzymes and chemical additives on fermentation characteristics and ensiling period of maize silage","authors":"Neelam Kumari, Nutan Chauhan, Deepesh Bharat Mishra, Nitin Tyagi","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate effect of bacterial inoculants and their combinations with exogenous enzymes and chemical additives on the fermentation characteristics of maize silage at various ensiling periods. Five treatments were prepared viz., bacterial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) (control), combination of LP+LF with xylanase enzyme (X), combination of LP+LF with cellulase enzyme (C), combination of LP+LF with X+C and combination of LP+LF with propionic acid (PA). Among the treatments, LP+LF+X+C additive treated silage had minimum dry matter loss throughout ensiling period. There was no significant difference in pH between LP+LF+X+C and LP+LF+X treated silage, but numerically pH value was lower in LP+LF+X+C treated silage. Lactic acid content significantly declined as ensiling period progresses but there was no significant difference among LP+LF+X+C, LP+LF+X treated silage and 15th, 25th days of ensiling. Lactic acid to acetic acid ratio was significantly improved in LP+LF+X+C treated silage as compared to other treatment combinations. The microbial count of silage was increased up to the 15th day of ensiling. This study concluded that desirable pH, lactic acid and flieg point required for good quality silage could be achieved on 15th day of ensiling in silages treated with LP+LF+X+C and LP+LF+X additive combination.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.03
Pitambara ., Y.M. Shukla, Brijesh K. Mehta, D.J. Parmar
In the present study, forty eight sub-tropical maize inbreds were analyzed for grain yield and yield attributing traits along with micronutrients content. Genotypic differences were significant among the maize inbreds for all the traits under study. Kernel Fe concentration ranged from 14.23 to 38.08 mg/kg, while kernel Zn concentration varied from 11.61 to 39.41 mg/kg. Kernel copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) content ranged from 1.34 to 4.31 mg/kg and 2.05 to 9.83 mg/kg, respectively. Significant positive correlation was observed among the kernel Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, indicating the possibility of their simultaneous improvement. For kernel Fe concentration, GWL28 (38.08 mg/kg) and CML296 (33.78 mg/kg) were found to be the best genotypes. In case of Zn content, GWL28 (39.41 mg/kg) and GYL10 (35.41 mg/kg) were the best inbreds. Genetic diversity based on all the four micronutrients grouped 48 inbreds into five major clusters. The highest genetic dissimilarity was observed between CM133 and CML251, while CML251 and CML293 showed the lowest dissimilarity. Rank summation index identified CML296, GYL1 and CML269 as first three best inbreds for kernel micronutrients content and grain yield. The promising inbreds identified here would be useful for developing biofortified maize hybrids enriched with micronutrients
{"title":"Genetic variability, correlation and cluster analysis of sub-tropical maize inbreds for morphological characteristics and kernel micronutrient contents","authors":"Pitambara ., Y.M. Shukla, Brijesh K. Mehta, D.J. Parmar","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.03","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, forty eight sub-tropical maize inbreds were analyzed for grain yield and yield attributing traits along with micronutrients content. Genotypic differences were significant among the maize inbreds for all the traits under study. Kernel Fe concentration ranged from 14.23 to 38.08 mg/kg, while kernel Zn concentration varied from 11.61 to 39.41 mg/kg. Kernel copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) content ranged from 1.34 to 4.31 mg/kg and 2.05 to 9.83 mg/kg, respectively. Significant positive correlation was observed among the kernel Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, indicating the possibility of their simultaneous improvement. For kernel Fe concentration, GWL28 (38.08 mg/kg) and CML296 (33.78 mg/kg) were found to be the best genotypes. In case of Zn content, GWL28 (39.41 mg/kg) and GYL10 (35.41 mg/kg) were the best inbreds. Genetic diversity based on all the four micronutrients grouped 48 inbreds into five major clusters. The highest genetic dissimilarity was observed between CM133 and CML251, while CML251 and CML293 showed the lowest dissimilarity. Rank summation index identified CML296, GYL1 and CML269 as first three best inbreds for kernel micronutrients content and grain yield. The promising inbreds identified here would be useful for developing biofortified maize hybrids enriched with micronutrients","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.17
Karamdeep Singh, Harpreet K. Oberoi, Ashok K. Dhakad, J.S. Lamba, R.I.S. Gill
A study was conducted to assess fodder quality and digestibility with varying levels of maturity of leaves and phenophases among fourteen Moringa oleifera ecotypes collected from different geographical regions of India. Mature leaves had near to neutral pH (6.23) with high crude protein (24.50%); however, dry matter was observed maximum (26.80%) in twigs. In general, dry matter was higher in north Indian ecotypes, while CP was more in south Indian ecotypes (28.70%). South Indian ecotypes had low concentration of fibre and as a result found best for fodder quality traits. Dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrients, and relative feed value were maximum in tender leaves due to comparative low amount of NDF and ADF in tender leaves. ME was found higher in tender leaves. In vitro dry matter digestibility was found higher in mature leaves than twigs and tender leaves. North Indian ecotypes showed higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (81.90%) than others. In general, MO3 (ODC-3) ecotype was found best for high crude protein (~28.7%), while MO3 (ODC-3) and MO4 (PAU local source) both had highest metabolized energy (~2.83 Mcal/kg), and highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (~81.90%) was recorded in MO11 (PAU-5). However, MO4 (Mandya, Karnataka) ecotype was found best for fodder quality traits. The high proximate composition and adequate cell wall fractions in M. oleifera leaves showed its potentiality as quality forage.
{"title":"Effect of phenophases on nutritive value, fodder quality and digestibility of different ecotypes of Moringa oleifera","authors":"Karamdeep Singh, Harpreet K. Oberoi, Ashok K. Dhakad, J.S. Lamba, R.I.S. Gill","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to assess fodder quality and digestibility with varying levels of maturity of leaves and phenophases among fourteen Moringa oleifera ecotypes collected from different geographical regions of India. Mature leaves had near to neutral pH (6.23) with high crude protein (24.50%); however, dry matter was observed maximum (26.80%) in twigs. In general, dry matter was higher in north Indian ecotypes, while CP was more in south Indian ecotypes (28.70%). South Indian ecotypes had low concentration of fibre and as a result found best for fodder quality traits. Dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrients, and relative feed value were maximum in tender leaves due to comparative low amount of NDF and ADF in tender leaves. ME was found higher in tender leaves. In vitro dry matter digestibility was found higher in mature leaves than twigs and tender leaves. North Indian ecotypes showed higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (81.90%) than others. In general, MO3 (ODC-3) ecotype was found best for high crude protein (~28.7%), while MO3 (ODC-3) and MO4 (PAU local source) both had highest metabolized energy (~2.83 Mcal/kg), and highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (~81.90%) was recorded in MO11 (PAU-5). However, MO4 (Mandya, Karnataka) ecotype was found best for fodder quality traits. The high proximate composition and adequate cell wall fractions in M. oleifera leaves showed its potentiality as quality forage.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.02
Kartik Madankar, D. Yadav, S. K. Pahuja
An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to study the genetic variability in germplasm lines of pearl millet. A total of eight traits were taken including grain yield and dry fodder yield. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the studied traits. The grain yield ranged from 42.76 to 10.45 q/ha with an average mean of 20.32 q/ha, and the dry fodder yield ranged from 103.66 to 40.30 q/ha. There was little difference between PCV and GCV in the studied traits suggesting a minimum influence of environment. High estimates of heritability coupled with high/ moderate genetic advance were recorded for all traits indicating the presence of additive genetic variances. Correlation, regression and path analysis study revealed that grain yield was positively related to dry fodder yield, panicle length, panicle diameter and plant height. The first five principal components captured almost 90% of the variability, and the hierarchical clustering separated 28 germplasm lines into four groups. The studied germplasm lines have sufficient variability for grain and fodder yield. Selection of these germplasm lines in future breeding programmes would be rewarding to release dual-purpose cultivars.
{"title":"Multivariate analysis of germplasm lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] for identification of dual-purpose cultivar","authors":"Kartik Madankar, D. Yadav, S. K. Pahuja","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.02","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to study the genetic variability in germplasm lines of pearl millet. A total of eight traits were taken including grain yield and dry fodder yield. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the studied traits. The grain yield ranged from 42.76 to 10.45 q/ha with an average mean of 20.32 q/ha, and the dry fodder yield ranged from 103.66 to 40.30 q/ha. There was little difference between PCV and GCV in the studied traits suggesting a minimum influence of environment. High estimates of heritability coupled with high/ moderate genetic advance were recorded for all traits indicating the presence of additive genetic variances. Correlation, regression and path analysis study revealed that grain yield was positively related to dry fodder yield, panicle length, panicle diameter and plant height. The first five principal components captured almost 90% of the variability, and the hierarchical clustering separated 28 germplasm lines into four groups. The studied germplasm lines have sufficient variability for grain and fodder yield. Selection of these germplasm lines in future breeding programmes would be rewarding to release dual-purpose cultivars.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the forage yield, nutritive value and shade tolerance of three cereal fodders viz., maize, sorghum, and pearl millet in comparison to popularly grown fodder grass hybrid napier in partially shaded homegarden and under open conditions with full light, during the lean periods of rabi and summer season in randomized block design with three replications. Fodder crops in open areas exhibited higher yield than in homegarden. In open field, maize recorded significantly higher cumulative green fodder yield, while in homegarden the yield of maize (57.16 t ha-1and 73.50 t ha-1) and hybrid napier (60.42 t ha-1 in rabi and 73.51 t ha-1 in summer) was comparable. Pearl millet showed moderate performance under shade, whereas sorghum had very poor yields. The shade tolerance of fodder grasses in homegarden was in order of hybrid napier > maize > pearl millet > sorghum. Crops in homesteads exhibited higher crude protein and lower crude fibre content, whereas dry matter and ash content was higher in open field. Quality attributes and B:C ratio were better in maize than other crops. The study indicated that fodder maize, variety African tall could be successfully and cost effectively cultivated in partially shaded homegardens to enhance quality forage production. Maize also exhibited comparable yield and better quality than hybrid napier, the conventional grass grown in homegarden
本试验采用随机区组设计，采用3个重复试验，评价玉米、高粱和珍珠粟3种谷类饲料与普通草料杂交种相比，在部分遮荫庭园和光照充足的开放条件下，在冬小麦和夏小麦的枯草期的产草量、营养价值和耐阴性。露天饲料作物产量高于园地饲料作物产量。露地玉米的累计青饲料产量显著高于园地玉米(57.16 t ha-1和73.50 t ha-1)和杂交玉米(夏季60.42 t ha-1和73.51 t ha-1)的产量。珍珠粟在遮荫下表现中等，而高粱产量很差。家养饲草的耐阴性依次为杂交种和杂交种;玉米比;珍珠粟>高粱。宅地作物粗蛋白质含量较高，粗纤维含量较低，干物质和灰分含量较高。玉米品质性状和B:C比优于其他作物。研究表明，在部分遮荫的家庭菜园中，可以成功和经济地种植饲料玉米品种非洲高，以提高优质饲料产量。玉米也表现出相当的产量和更好的品质比杂交种，在家庭种植的传统草
{"title":"Shade tolerance, yield and nutritive value of selected forage crops in typical homegarden of central Kerala","authors":"Shahina, N.N, Asha, K. Raj, Kunhamu, T.K, Jamaludheen, V, Santhoshkumar, A.V","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the forage yield, nutritive value and shade tolerance of three cereal fodders viz., maize, sorghum, and pearl millet in comparison to popularly grown fodder grass hybrid napier in partially shaded homegarden and under open conditions with full light, during the lean periods of rabi and summer season in randomized block design with three replications. Fodder crops in open areas exhibited higher yield than in homegarden. In open field, maize recorded significantly higher cumulative green fodder yield, while in homegarden the yield of maize (57.16 t ha-1and 73.50 t ha-1) and hybrid napier (60.42 t ha-1 in rabi and 73.51 t ha-1 in summer) was comparable. Pearl millet showed moderate performance under shade, whereas sorghum had very poor yields. The shade tolerance of fodder grasses in homegarden was in order of hybrid napier > maize > pearl millet > sorghum. Crops in homesteads exhibited higher crude protein and lower crude fibre content, whereas dry matter and ash content was higher in open field. Quality attributes and B:C ratio were better in maize than other crops. The study indicated that fodder maize, variety African tall could be successfully and cost effectively cultivated in partially shaded homegardens to enhance quality forage production. Maize also exhibited comparable yield and better quality than hybrid napier, the conventional grass grown in homegarden","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.19
Steve Kgotlelelo Mahlake, Caven Mguvane Mnisi
The study investigated the effect of supplementing a grass (Eragrostis spp.) hay basal diet with Ziziphus mucronata leaf meal (ZLM) on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation with or without the aid of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The grass hay was supplemented with ZLM at a rate of 0 (ZM0), 5 (ZM5), 10 (ZM10), 15 (ZM15), 20 (ZM20) and 25% w/w (ZM25). Positive linear trends (P<0.05) were observed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), soluble phenolics (SCT) and total soluble phenolics (TSPh), except for organic matter (OM) that linearly declined as ZLM levels increased. Neutral detergent fibre quadratically (P<0.05) responded to ZLM levels, but no significant trends were observed for acid detergent fibre and lignin. Treatment ZM25 had higher (P<0.05) CP, SCT and TSPh contents than the control treatment. The inclusion of PEG increased (P>0.05) cumulative gas production at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h post-inoculation. Supplementing the grass hay with ZLM had significant (P<0.05) influence on fermentation kinetics. The inoculation with PEG resulted in a negative quadratic trend for the partitioning factor at 96 h post-incubation [y = 326.0(±39.49) ̵ 20.01(±6.962)x + 0.785(±0.262)x2], from which an optimum ZLM supplementation rate was calculated to be 13%. It was concluded that ZLM can be used as a protein source, and with the aid of PEG, it can maximize ruminal fermentation efficiency of grass hay when included at 130 g/kg.
{"title":"Nutritional assessment of Ziziphus mucronata leaves as protein supplements in grass (Eragrostis spp.) hay basal diets","authors":"Steve Kgotlelelo Mahlake, Caven Mguvane Mnisi","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of supplementing a grass (Eragrostis spp.) hay basal diet with Ziziphus mucronata leaf meal (ZLM) on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation with or without the aid of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The grass hay was supplemented with ZLM at a rate of 0 (ZM0), 5 (ZM5), 10 (ZM10), 15 (ZM15), 20 (ZM20) and 25% w/w (ZM25). Positive linear trends (P<0.05) were observed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), soluble phenolics (SCT) and total soluble phenolics (TSPh), except for organic matter (OM) that linearly declined as ZLM levels increased. Neutral detergent fibre quadratically (P<0.05) responded to ZLM levels, but no significant trends were observed for acid detergent fibre and lignin. Treatment ZM25 had higher (P<0.05) CP, SCT and TSPh contents than the control treatment. The inclusion of PEG increased (P>0.05) cumulative gas production at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h post-inoculation. Supplementing the grass hay with ZLM had significant (P<0.05) influence on fermentation kinetics. The inoculation with PEG resulted in a negative quadratic trend for the partitioning factor at 96 h post-incubation [y = 326.0(±39.49) ̵ 20.01(±6.962)x + 0.785(±0.262)x2], from which an optimum ZLM supplementation rate was calculated to be 13%. It was concluded that ZLM can be used as a protein source, and with the aid of PEG, it can maximize ruminal fermentation efficiency of grass hay when included at 130 g/kg.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.08
Rahul Dev, M. Suresh Kumar, Anil Patidar, R.N. Kumawat
Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori. belongs to the family Tiliaceae, an underutilized shrub in arid and semi-arid regions. The maximum distribution of G. tenax population was recorded in Nakhtarana (38%), Bhuj (32%), and Mandvi (15%). Morpho-physiological trait variation of germplasm viz., plant height ranged from 70 to 162.4 cm, canopy spread from 79.7 to 175.8 cm2, leaf area from 3.1 to 8. 3 cm2, relative water content from 33.3 to 72.4% and canopy temperature depression was ranged from 0.6 to 7.0ºC. The fodder traits such as above-ground biomass (AGB) varied from 0.4 to 2.9 kg/plant, with a lot of variation in crude protein (2.2- 15.2%), NDF (37.2- 64.2%), and ADF (12.0- 47.6%) contents. The fruit traits viz., fruit length ranged from 4.9 to 6.7 mm, fruit diameter 4.1 to 5.9 mm, pulp 24.0 to 46.0%, TSS 6.5 to 11.4°B, and pH 3.2 to 4.8. Based on the overall assessment, genotypes GT-2, GT-3, GT-14, and GT-15 were found the most promising. A high coefficient of variation was recorded for nitrogen (72.5%), AGB/plant (60.4%), crude protein (57.2%), and Canopy temperature depression (47.9%). Cluster analysis assembled the genotypes into two major clusters with two sub-clusters each, affirming the presence of a high amount of genetic variability between the tested genotypes. The principal component analysis revealed that first 10 Eigen PC explained 85.95% of the total variation. Biplot between PC1 and PC2 demonstrated that genotypes GT-15, GT-1, GT-3, GT-11, GT-13, GT-29, GT-32, GT-33 and GT-36 were much distinct from each other.
{"title":"Genetic diversity assessment of Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori. germplasm for fodder and other economic traits in hot-arid Kachchh region of India","authors":"Rahul Dev, M. Suresh Kumar, Anil Patidar, R.N. Kumawat","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori. belongs to the family Tiliaceae, an underutilized shrub in arid and semi-arid regions. The maximum distribution of G. tenax population was recorded in Nakhtarana (38%), Bhuj (32%), and Mandvi (15%). Morpho-physiological trait variation of germplasm viz., plant height ranged from 70 to 162.4 cm, canopy spread from 79.7 to 175.8 cm2, leaf area from 3.1 to 8. 3 cm2, relative water content from 33.3 to 72.4% and canopy temperature depression was ranged from 0.6 to 7.0ºC. The fodder traits such as above-ground biomass (AGB) varied from 0.4 to 2.9 kg/plant, with a lot of variation in crude protein (2.2- 15.2%), NDF (37.2- 64.2%), and ADF (12.0- 47.6%) contents. The fruit traits viz., fruit length ranged from 4.9 to 6.7 mm, fruit diameter 4.1 to 5.9 mm, pulp 24.0 to 46.0%, TSS 6.5 to 11.4°B, and pH 3.2 to 4.8. Based on the overall assessment, genotypes GT-2, GT-3, GT-14, and GT-15 were found the most promising. A high coefficient of variation was recorded for nitrogen (72.5%), AGB/plant (60.4%), crude protein (57.2%), and Canopy temperature depression (47.9%). Cluster analysis assembled the genotypes into two major clusters with two sub-clusters each, affirming the presence of a high amount of genetic variability between the tested genotypes. The principal component analysis revealed that first 10 Eigen PC explained 85.95% of the total variation. Biplot between PC1 and PC2 demonstrated that genotypes GT-15, GT-1, GT-3, GT-11, GT-13, GT-29, GT-32, GT-33 and GT-36 were much distinct from each other.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.10
N. Kannababu, B. Amasiddha, R. Venkateswarlu, I.K. Das, B. Prabhakar, Vilas A. Tonapi
It is essential to identify the appropriate stage of physiological maturity (PM) and harvestable mass-maturity (HM) of seed, considering both seed yield and physiological quality traits in barnyard millet. The earliest possible date for the appearance of seed formation (setting) was marked as the first stage of harvest (HS-I) at 21 days after anthesis (DAA) during the rainy season (RS) and 14 DAA during the post-rainy season (PRS) in cultivars VL172 and VL207, respectively. The traits viz., seed hardness, moisture content, test weight, yield, germination, field emergence, seedling vigour index, electrical conductivity and seedling α-amylase activity were assessed to understand the effect of eight different maturation stages on seed yield, vigour and storability. Based on illustrations of significant differences for most of these traits, the PM was identified at 42 DAA during RS and 35 DAA during PRS; and HM until 49 DAA during RS and 42 DAA during PRS. The study also illustrated the use of second-order polynomial regression models to predict the proper stages of harvest during RS and PRS. The study revealed prominent morphological indicators of seed maturity (PM to HM). The findings provided meaningful and relevant information for successful seed crop management aiming at higher yield coupled with better physiological quality of seeds in barnyard millet across the seasons.
{"title":"Determination of physiological and harvestable mass-maturity of seeds during rainy and post-rainy seasons in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb). Link)","authors":"N. Kannababu, B. Amasiddha, R. Venkateswarlu, I.K. Das, B. Prabhakar, Vilas A. Tonapi","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to identify the appropriate stage of physiological maturity (PM) and harvestable mass-maturity (HM) of seed, considering both seed yield and physiological quality traits in barnyard millet. The earliest possible date for the appearance of seed formation (setting) was marked as the first stage of harvest (HS-I) at 21 days after anthesis (DAA) during the rainy season (RS) and 14 DAA during the post-rainy season (PRS) in cultivars VL172 and VL207, respectively. The traits viz., seed hardness, moisture content, test weight, yield, germination, field emergence, seedling vigour index, electrical conductivity and seedling α-amylase activity were assessed to understand the effect of eight different maturation stages on seed yield, vigour and storability. Based on illustrations of significant differences for most of these traits, the PM was identified at 42 DAA during RS and 35 DAA during PRS; and HM until 49 DAA during RS and 42 DAA during PRS. The study also illustrated the use of second-order polynomial regression models to predict the proper stages of harvest during RS and PRS. The study revealed prominent morphological indicators of seed maturity (PM to HM). The findings provided meaningful and relevant information for successful seed crop management aiming at higher yield coupled with better physiological quality of seeds in barnyard millet across the seasons.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A set of exotic germplasm accessions of oat (Avena sativa L.) was investigated for principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and box plot analysis during the two Rabi seasons. Analysis of variance for all traits under study showed sufficient amount of genetic variability, which revealed that all genotypes significantly different from each other. Three principal component analyses had Eigen values more than one and explained about 65.77% of the total variation. The first principal component explained about 35.56% of total variation followed by second (18.01%) and third (12.20%) principal components. Clustering analysis based on various morphological traits assorted 28 genotypes into five clusters. Cluster I had the highest number of genotypes (23) followed by cluster III which consists of two genotypes. The clusters II, IV and V contained only single genotype each. Data frequency distribution using box plot analysis for green fodder yield and its attributing traits revealed that huge amount of variation was present in exotic germplasm accessions under study. Further testing of these exotic germplasm accessions for fodder traits will be very useful in future breeding programmes to enhance fodder yield in oat.
{"title":"Exploitation of exotic germplasm through multivariate analysis for genetic improvement of fodder yield related traits in oat","authors":"Amandeep ., Rahul Kapoor, Harshavardan J. Hilli, Gurjeet Singh, Rajvir Kaur","doi":"10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.04","url":null,"abstract":"A set of exotic germplasm accessions of oat (Avena sativa L.) was investigated for principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and box plot analysis during the two Rabi seasons. Analysis of variance for all traits under study showed sufficient amount of genetic variability, which revealed that all genotypes significantly different from each other. Three principal component analyses had Eigen values more than one and explained about 65.77% of the total variation. The first principal component explained about 35.56% of total variation followed by second (18.01%) and third (12.20%) principal components. Clustering analysis based on various morphological traits assorted 28 genotypes into five clusters. Cluster I had the highest number of genotypes (23) followed by cluster III which consists of two genotypes. The clusters II, IV and V contained only single genotype each. Data frequency distribution using box plot analysis for green fodder yield and its attributing traits revealed that huge amount of variation was present in exotic germplasm accessions under study. Further testing of these exotic germplasm accessions for fodder traits will be very useful in future breeding programmes to enhance fodder yield in oat.","PeriodicalId":49636,"journal":{"name":"Range Management and Agroforestry","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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