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PARIS IN THE SCIENCE OF RELIGION (REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE BY S.S. GLAGOLEV “BRUSSELS AND PARIS IN THE SCIENCE OF RELIGION”) 《宗教科学中的巴黎》(s.s. glagolev文章《宗教科学中的布鲁塞尔和巴黎》书评)
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-88-96
E.I. ARININ, L.Е. KUZNECOVA
The article provides an overview of the second part of the work of the Russian theologian S.S. lagolev “Paris and Brussels in the Science of Religion”, dedicated to the development of the science of religion in Paris at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Centers for the study of religions and the public presentation of scientific results are described: open public lectures, university courses and museum collections. The concept of the Parisian religious tradition is presented through the prism of the principles of protecting the positions of faith in the process of scientific understanding of the phenomena of religions.
本文概述了俄罗斯神学家S.S. lagolev的著作《宗教科学中的巴黎和布鲁塞尔》的第二部分,致力于十九至二十世纪之交巴黎宗教科学的发展。宗教研究中心和科学成果的公开展示被描述为:公开讲座、大学课程和博物馆收藏。巴黎宗教传统的概念是通过在科学理解宗教现象的过程中保护信仰立场的原则的棱镜来呈现的。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF IMPORT SUBSTITTION IN PROVIDING SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES 进口替代在支持中小企业方面的作用
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-39-44
E.A. TRUNOVA, V.M. YERANOSYAN, T.M. BORMOTOVA
This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the role of import substitution in providing support for small and medium-sized businesses. The relevance of the chosen topic is indisputable, since under the influence of foreign economic sanctions pressure, the implementation of import substitution policy is a necessity, however, at the same time, one of the key tasks of the state is to provide support for small and medium-sized businesses. The identification of the impact of import substitution on the system of support for small and medium-sized businesses allowed us to formulate recommendations and further ways to develop internal economic cooperation between the state and the private sector. Against the background of long-term Western sanctions and structural problems inherent in the Russian economy, further deepening of the import substitution strategy has become an urgent, inevitable and realistic choice for Russia to protect its sovereignty, security and development interests. At the same time, small and medium-sized enterprises play a special role in the Russian economic system, which, at the same time, are one of the target groups targeted by measures to implement the import substitution policy. Due to Russia’s lag in the development of key technologies, the West views export control as one of the most important means of imposing sanctions, hoping to impose an international blockade and isolation against Russia, reduce the upper limit of national development and undermine Russia’s economic growth potential. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the implementation of the import substitution policy in the Russian Federation is largely associated with the support of small and medium-sized businesses, while the recommendations and possible ways of development also indicate the relationship between the import substitution policy and the provision of support for small and medium-sized businesses.
这篇科学文章致力于分析进口替代在为中小企业提供支持方面的作用。选题的相关性是无可争辩的,因为在国外经济制裁压力的影响下,实施进口替代政策是必要的,但与此同时,国家的重点任务之一是为中小企业提供支持。确定进口替代对支持中小企业制度的影响使我们能够提出建议和进一步发展国家和私营部门之间内部经济合作的方法。在西方长期制裁和俄罗斯经济固有结构性问题的背景下,进一步深化进口替代战略已成为俄罗斯维护主权、安全和发展利益的紧迫、必然和现实选择。同时,中小企业在俄罗斯经济体系中扮演着特殊的角色,同时也是实施进口替代政策措施的目标群体之一。由于俄罗斯在关键技术发展上的滞后,西方将出口管制作为最重要的制裁手段之一,希望对俄罗斯实施国际封锁和孤立,降低国家发展的上限,削弱俄罗斯的经济增长潜力。在分析的基础上得出结论,俄罗斯联邦进口替代政策的实施在很大程度上与对中小企业的支持有关,而建议和可能的发展方式也表明了进口替代政策与对中小企业提供支持之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
MODERN TOOLS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN THE US PUBLIC LIFE 美国公共生活中直接民主的现代工具
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-111-120
N.YU. MARKUSHINA, N.L. PARFENENOK, R.А. FYODOROV
Nowadays, in the era of multiple digital platforms for decision-making, the public and governmental interest towards direct democracy instruments is constantly growing. The goal of this article is to determine the spheres of social life where direct democracy is most effective. The study will contain the analysis of existing societies where direct democracy is already implemented, the US society in particular. The definition of the modern direct democracy instruments will be given, as well as the legislative base of such instruments in various states of the USA and the criteria for analyzing all precedents of direct democracy in the USA in 2011-2020, taking into consideration their legal status in different states. The conclusion of this article is the percentage ratio of direct democracy precedents in the USA in different spheres of social life.
如今,在多数字决策平台的时代,公众和政府对直接民主工具的兴趣不断增长。本文的目的是确定直接民主最有效的社会生活领域。这项研究将包括对已经实施直接民主的现有社会的分析,特别是美国社会。将给出现代直接民主文书的定义,以及这些文书在美国各州的立法基础,以及分析2011-2020年美国所有直接民主先例的标准,考虑到它们在不同州的法律地位。本文的结论是美国在不同社会生活领域的直接民主先例的百分比比例。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONCEPT OF “RELIGIO” IN CICERO’S “VERRESIAN”. THE EXPERIENCE OF ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 西塞罗《译本》中的“宗教”概念。分析和解释的经验
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-97-102
R.V. TSYGANOV
This article is devoted to the analysis of the interpretation of the term “religio” used in the speeches known to us by Mark Thulius Cicero “Against Guy Verres” (“Verresiana”, “in verrem”, “Orationes Verrinae”). The works of Cicero are viewed in the context of the historical and political processes that took place in the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. The lexemes derived from “religio”, their meanings and meanings used in the texts of “Speeches...” and their translations from Latin by V.A. Alekseev and F.F. Zelinsky are systematized. Analysis of the meanings of the word “religio” in Cicero’s “verresian” requires the use of materials from linguistics and a number of other scientific directions: philosophy, sociology, political science, religious studies, etc. “Religio”, their correspondences in the Russian language of the beginning and middle of the XX century were revealed, when the translations of V.A. Alekseev and F.F. Zelinsky were created.
本文致力于分析马克·图利乌斯·西塞罗在“反对盖伊·维雷斯”的演讲中使用的“宗教”一词的解释(“Verresiana”,“in verrem”,“Orationes Verrinae”)。西塞罗的作品是在公元前1世纪罗马共和国发生的历史和政治进程的背景下进行的。从“religio”衍生出来的词汇,它们的含义和“speech…”文本中使用的含义。他们的拉丁文翻译由V.A.阿列克谢耶夫和F.F.泽林斯基系统化。分析西塞罗“译本”中“religio”一词的含义需要使用语言学和其他一些科学方向的材料:哲学、社会学、政治学、宗教研究等。“religio”,它们在20世纪初和中期在俄语中的对应关系被揭示出来,当时创造了V.A.阿列克谢耶夫和F.F.泽林斯基的翻译。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT 以中央联邦区为例,评估各州支持中小企业项目的有效性
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-45-51
YU.A. TRUBINA, P.SH. SHIKHGAFIZOV, V.V. CHERNOV
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of state programs to support small and medium-sized businesses on the example of the Central Federal District. The study examined existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses. The advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches were studied, as well as cases of their application were identified. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, the author’s evaluation model was developed, which has a hybrid form. This is reflected in the fact that both objective and subjective indicators are used in assessing the effectiveness of state programs to support small and medium-sized businesses. The peculiarity of the model is the formation of an integral indicator to simplify the interpretation of indicators. Then the model was tested on the example of the regions of the Central Federal District. Based on the results of the analysis, the results for all regions were determined, as well as the problematic aspects related to the application of the developed model and ways to solve them were identified. Conclusions. At the moment, there is no unified approach to assessing the effectiveness of state programs to support small and medium-sized businesses. The need to improve existing approaches is due to the limited results in the context of the completeness of the assessment of the effectiveness of state support.
本研究的目的是以中央联邦区为例,评估各州支持中小企业项目的有效性。该研究考察了评估国家对中小企业支持有效性的现有方法。分析了现有方法的优缺点,并列举了其应用实例。在分析现有评价方法的基础上,建立了具有混合形式的评价模型。这反映在评估国家支持中小企业项目的有效性时,同时使用了客观和主观指标。该模型的特点是形成了一个积分指标,简化了指标的解释。并以中央联邦区各地区为例对模型进行了验证。根据分析结果,确定了所有区域的结果,并确定了与所开发模型应用相关的问题和解决方法。结论。目前,还没有统一的方法来评估国家支持中小企业项目的有效性。需要改进现有办法的原因是,在评估国家支助效力的完整性方面,结果有限。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A DIRECTION FOR IMPROVING SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES 将企业社会责任发展作为完善中小企业的方向
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-65-69
P.SH. SHIKHGAFIZOV, E.K. NABERUSHKINA, V.V. CHERNOV
Background. The relevance of this work is due to the active development of domestic business in the context of the actualization of the sustainable development agenda, as well as the development of the concept of social responsibility in Russia. The purpose of the article is to identify the role of corporate social responsibility as a direction for improving small and medium-sized businesses. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the conducted research, approaches to the study of social responsibility of business were studied both by foreign - E. Sharm, M. Porter, A. Carroll, T. Lee, - and domestic scientists - M.V. Kivarin, E. Grigoryan, I. Yurasov, V. Gorfinkel, N. Rodionova, N. Filimonova, etc., as well as the results of a sociological study using the questionnaire survey method (n = 391), the distribution of respondents was carried out by federal districts in accordance with the proportion of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises of the district in the overall structure small and medium-sized businesses in Russia. Results. The key advantages and possible risks of integrating the principles of corporate social responsibility into the activities of small and medium-sized businesses are identified. The key trends and opportunities that can become a driver in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in conditions of economic tension are analyzed. Conclusions. In the conditions of a narrow radius of trust characteristic of modern Russian society, the integration of corporate social responsibility is a driver of improvement of small and medium-sized businesses.
背景。这项工作的相关性是由于在实现可持续发展议程的背景下积极发展国内业务,以及俄罗斯社会责任概念的发展。本文的目的是确定企业社会责任的作用,作为改善中小企业的方向。材料和方法。在已进行的研究框架内,研究企业社会责任的方法既有国外的E. Sharm、M. Porter、a . Carroll、T. Lee,也有国内的科学家M.V. Kivarin、E. Grigoryan、I. Yurasov、V. Gorfinkel、n . Rodionova、n . Filimonova等,以及采用问卷调查法的社会学研究结果(n = 391)。受访者按联邦区中小企业数量占俄罗斯中小企业总体结构的比例进行分配。结果。确定了将企业社会责任原则纳入中小型企业活动的主要优势和可能的风险。分析了在经济紧张的条件下,中小企业发展的主要趋势和机遇。结论。在现代俄罗斯社会窄信任半径的条件下,企业社会责任的整合是中小企业改善的动力。
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引用次数: 0
TO THE QUESTION OF DEVELOPING A SOCIAL MANAGEMENT MECHANISM 发展社会管理机制的问题
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-29-32
T.N. KAMENEVA, P.V. RAZOV, E.V. CHANKOVA, E.V. KONISHCHEVA
The article deals with the main problems of developing a social control mechanism. The authors analyze the components of the social mechanism, substantiate the general principles and technologies for its implementation. As a result of the research, they come to the conclusion about the relevance and complexity of constructing a social control mechanism, while denoting the basic components of such a mechanism.
本文论述了建立社会控制机制的主要问题。分析了社会机制的构成要素,论证了社会机制实现的一般原则和技术。通过研究,他们得出了构建社会控制机制的相关性和复杂性,并指出了社会控制机制的基本组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE REPUTATION OF BANKING ORGANIZATIONS AMONG WORKING RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN STUDENTS 银行组织在俄罗斯和外国在职学生中的声誉形成的特点
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-52-58
A.G. TYURIKOV, P.D. KOLENKINA
The purpose of the study. To describe the features of the process of formation of the reputation of Russian banks among Russian and foreign students. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a list of some features of the formation of the reputation of banks among foreign students was identified, models for the formation of the reputation of banking organizations were described, depending on what aspects and at what levels the bank’s activities are of great importance for the student client, the reputation of the most popular banks of the Russian Federation (Sberbank of Russia, VTB, Alfabank, Tinkoff, Rosbank, Otkritie, Gazprombank, Moscow Industrial Bank, Raiffeisenbank), and also the definition of the concept of “reputation” has been clarified.
研究的目的。描述俄罗斯银行在俄罗斯学生和外国学生中的声誉形成过程的特点。结论。作为研究的结果,确定了外国学生之间银行声誉形成的一些特征的列表,银行组织声誉形成的模型被描述,这取决于银行的哪些方面和在哪些层面上的活动对学生客户非常重要,俄罗斯联邦最受欢迎的银行的声誉(俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行,VTB, Alfabank, Tinkoff, Rosbank, Otkritie, Gazprombank,莫斯科工业银行,Raiffeisenbank),并对“声誉”概念的定义进行了澄清。
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引用次数: 0
EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN STATE 选举制度在现代俄罗斯国家组织结构和运作中的演变
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-21-28
E.V. TURKOVA, M.A. BOCHANOV, S.I. POPOV
The scientific article studies the evolution of the institution of elections in the structure of the organization and functioning of the modern Russian state. The authors analyze elections as an integral part of the political system of modern Russia. The issues of organizing and holding elections in Russia are considered, problems associated with a decrease in the interest and activity of citizens in the conduct of elections are fixed, which negatively affects the political agenda of the state. The article focuses on the latest changes in the legislation regarding elections in Russia, and also analyzes the consequences of the introduction of new rules for the organization and functioning of the modern Russian state. The authors conclude that the institution of elections in Russia continues to evolve, and this evolution is connected with the problems existing in society. Despite the problems that arise during the elections, this institution is a system-forming element of the modern Russian state. Elections play a key role in social processes due to the fact that they are the main political channel of communication between state power and society.
这篇科学文章研究了选举制度在现代俄罗斯国家组织结构和运作中的演变。作者将选举作为现代俄罗斯政治制度的一个组成部分进行分析。讨论了在俄罗斯组织和举行选举的问题,确定了与公民对选举的兴趣和活动减少有关的问题,这对国家的政治议程产生了负面影响。本文重点关注俄罗斯选举立法的最新变化,并分析了引入现代俄罗斯国家组织和运作新规则的后果。作者的结论是,俄罗斯的选举制度在继续演变,这种演变与社会中存在的问题有关。尽管在选举期间出现了一些问题,但这个机构是现代俄罗斯国家体系的组成部分。选举作为国家权力与社会沟通的主要政治渠道,在社会进程中发挥着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
ISSUES OF BUILDING CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY THROUGH THE PRISM OF “SOFT POWER” AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 通过“软实力”和公共外交的棱镜构建中国外交政策的问题
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-145-151
CH. QU
The author notes that the trend of recent years has been to increase the importance of the cultural factor in modern international relations and changes in the system of intercultural interaction in modern conditions of global development. Culture, education, language, cultural and historical traditions - all this is becoming an effective tool for spreading the influence of the state, both at the regional and global levels. Cultural dialogue in a broad sense creates favorable prerequisites for the implementation of various integration projects, which requires new conceptual approaches and effective strategies, the development of which takes place in the context of the policy of “soft power”. Through understanding the theoretical basis of the concept of “soft power” and public diplomacy, the presented article focuses on China’s foreign policy, including the activities of Confucius Institutes, revealing their current development status, their own strengths and challenges in promoting “soft power”, as well as the opportunities and challenges it faces in implementing “One Belt, One Road” Initiative and the dissemination of the Chinese language abroad, in China’s partner countries on the Initiative.
作者指出,近年来的趋势是,文化因素在现代国际关系中的重要性日益增加,在全球发展的现代条件下,文化间互动制度发生了变化。文化、教育、语言、文化和历史传统——所有这一切正在成为在区域和全球范围内扩大国家影响力的有效工具。广义上的文化对话为实施各种融合项目创造了有利的先决条件,这需要新的概念方法和有效的战略,而这些方法和战略的发展是在“软实力”政策的背景下进行的。本文通过对“软实力”概念和公共外交理论基础的理解,聚焦于中国对外政策,包括孔子学院的活动,揭示其发展现状、自身在提升“软实力”方面的优势和挑战,以及在实施“一带一路”倡议和汉语对外传播中面临的机遇和挑战。中国的“一带一路”伙伴国。
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引用次数: 0
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Socialʹno-političeskie nauki
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