A study was undertaken to evaluate the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of four different design options for the foundation of a residential modular building in the East Midlands, UK. The assessment considered the embodied carbon dioxide equivalent of material production (without and with Portland cement replacement using ground granulated blast furnace slag), transportation, construction works (such as soil excavation) and plant usage on-site and off-site. The findings indicated that helical piles and reinforced concrete slabs supported with expanded polystyrene were the most sustainable options (in terms of embodied emissions) compared to conventional strip and pad foundations. The study provides valuable insight into considerations and constraints that may arise when evaluating the sustainability of modular building foundations. It offers practical guidance for decision makers in the modular construction sector seeking to mitigate the environmental impact of their geotechnical design.
{"title":"Emissions-based options appraisal for modular building foundations – a case study","authors":"O. Hamza, Abdurahim Abogdera, S. Zoras","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.10017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.10017","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to evaluate the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of four different design options for the foundation of a residential modular building in the East Midlands, UK. The assessment considered the embodied carbon dioxide equivalent of material production (without and with Portland cement replacement using ground granulated blast furnace slag), transportation, construction works (such as soil excavation) and plant usage on-site and off-site. The findings indicated that helical piles and reinforced concrete slabs supported with expanded polystyrene were the most sustainable options (in terms of embodied emissions) compared to conventional strip and pad foundations. The study provides valuable insight into considerations and constraints that may arise when evaluating the sustainability of modular building foundations. It offers practical guidance for decision makers in the modular construction sector seeking to mitigate the environmental impact of their geotechnical design.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85732893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelo Zanardo Petrelli, A. C. P. Júnior, P. Ignácio, I. Rampasso, R. Anholon, Wagner Wilson Bortolotto
There are many possibilities to improve sustainable management in construction industry. In this context, this article aims to analyze the influence of construction practices, organized in factors, in sustainability dimensions. For this, a survey with 80 project managers from construction industry was performed. The participants answered about the sustainable management practices used in their projects, as well as their performance in relation to indicators in the social, economic and environmental dimensions. The data were analyzed via Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Logistic Regression. It was possible to verify that not all the analyzed factors (as well as the practices that compose them) can be considered significant to explain all the dimensions of sustainability. Another interesting finding is that the influence levels of the factors vary widely, indicating that some factors are more important than others in the pursuit of (one or more) sustainability dimensions. In addition, contrary to expectations, not all factors (and therefore not all practices) have a positive impact on the sustainability of construction projects. The Resource management and pollution factor negatively influences Economic sustainability. This study sought to contribute to broaden the understanding of the sustainable practices in construction project management and guide future analysis and research.
{"title":"Sustainable practices in construction project management: impacts on triple bottom line","authors":"Marcelo Zanardo Petrelli, A. C. P. Júnior, P. Ignácio, I. Rampasso, R. Anholon, Wagner Wilson Bortolotto","doi":"10.1680/jensu.21.00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.21.00109","url":null,"abstract":"There are many possibilities to improve sustainable management in construction industry. In this context, this article aims to analyze the influence of construction practices, organized in factors, in sustainability dimensions. For this, a survey with 80 project managers from construction industry was performed. The participants answered about the sustainable management practices used in their projects, as well as their performance in relation to indicators in the social, economic and environmental dimensions. The data were analyzed via Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Logistic Regression. It was possible to verify that not all the analyzed factors (as well as the practices that compose them) can be considered significant to explain all the dimensions of sustainability. Another interesting finding is that the influence levels of the factors vary widely, indicating that some factors are more important than others in the pursuit of (one or more) sustainability dimensions. In addition, contrary to expectations, not all factors (and therefore not all practices) have a positive impact on the sustainability of construction projects. The Resource management and pollution factor negatively influences Economic sustainability. This study sought to contribute to broaden the understanding of the sustainable practices in construction project management and guide future analysis and research.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85544396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lian Zhou, Yang Jiang, Jiaqing Wang, Zhiyuan Shao, Yang Luo, Binbin Qian, Yanbo Li, Jun Zang, Hong Wang, B. Ma, Yueyang Hu
A study was undertaken into the preparation and properties of fly-ash-based geopolymers that can be used to make multistage-pore materials able to adsorb gases such as carbon dioxide. The influence of steel slag on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the final precursor products was investigated and characterised by mechanical strength tests, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that a low dose of steel slag significantly promoted the early compressive strength of a multistage-pore geopolymer. However, when the slag dose reached 30%, the strength decreased dramatically. The pore classification effect was more obvious when the capillary pores in the geopolymer disappeared and the pores mainly existed in the form of gel pores and voids.
{"title":"Effect of steel slag on pores and strength of fly-ash-based adsorbent geopolymers","authors":"Lian Zhou, Yang Jiang, Jiaqing Wang, Zhiyuan Shao, Yang Luo, Binbin Qian, Yanbo Li, Jun Zang, Hong Wang, B. Ma, Yueyang Hu","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.10006","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken into the preparation and properties of fly-ash-based geopolymers that can be used to make multistage-pore materials able to adsorb gases such as carbon dioxide. The influence of steel slag on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the final precursor products was investigated and characterised by mechanical strength tests, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that a low dose of steel slag significantly promoted the early compressive strength of a multistage-pore geopolymer. However, when the slag dose reached 30%, the strength decreased dramatically. The pore classification effect was more obvious when the capillary pores in the geopolymer disappeared and the pores mainly existed in the form of gel pores and voids.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73901240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Construction and infrastructure projects account for a large share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Included in these projects are geotechnical engineering works, which cause environmental impact and costs throughout their life cycle. In the geotechnical design process, the geotechnical engineer often has design choices where different methods and materials can be used. If assessments of environmental impact and costs were to be integrated into the geotechnical design process, the geotechnical work could be made more sustainable. As a result of this, there is a need for research on integrating the assessments of environmental impact and costs in the geotechnical design process. This paper, therefore, presents a methodology showing how life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis could be integrated into the geotechnical design process. The presented methodology is then illustrated in a practical example for assessing the climate impact and costs of high-speed railway embankment fill methods.
{"title":"Integrating life-cycle environmental impact and costs into geotechnical design","authors":"Ida Samuelsson, J. Spross, S. Larsson","doi":"10.1680/jensu.23.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.23.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Construction and infrastructure projects account for a large share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Included in these projects are geotechnical engineering works, which cause environmental impact and costs throughout their life cycle. In the geotechnical design process, the geotechnical engineer often has design choices where different methods and materials can be used. If assessments of environmental impact and costs were to be integrated into the geotechnical design process, the geotechnical work could be made more sustainable. As a result of this, there is a need for research on integrating the assessments of environmental impact and costs in the geotechnical design process. This paper, therefore, presents a methodology showing how life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis could be integrated into the geotechnical design process. The presented methodology is then illustrated in a practical example for assessing the climate impact and costs of high-speed railway embankment fill methods.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"331 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76529014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Lu, Long Chen, Xiang Xie, Z. Fang, Zhen Ye, Michael Pitt
It has been witnessed that digital technology has the potential to improve the efficiency of emergent healthcare management in COVID-19, which however has not been widely adopted due to unclear definition and configuration. This research aims to propose a proof of concept of digital twins for emergent healthcare management through configuring the cyber and functional interdependencies of healthcare systems at local and city levels. Critical interdependencies of healthcare systems have been firstly identified at both levels, then the information and associated cyber and functional interdependencies embedded in seven critical hospital information systems (HISs) have been identified and mapped. The proposed conceptual digital twin-based approach has been then developed for information coordination amongst these critical HISs at both local and city levels based on permissioned blockchain to (1) integrate and manage the information from seven critical HISs, and further (2) predict the demands of medical resources according to patient trajectory. A case study has been finally conducted at three hospitals in London during the COVID-19 period, and the results showed that the developed framework of blockchain-integrated digital twins is a promising way to provide more accurate and timely procurement information to decision-makers and can effectively support evidence-based decisions on medical resource allocation in the pandemic.
{"title":"Framing blockchain-integrated digital twins for emergent healthcare management at local and city levels: a proof of concept","authors":"Q. Lu, Long Chen, Xiang Xie, Z. Fang, Zhen Ye, Michael Pitt","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00073","url":null,"abstract":"It has been witnessed that digital technology has the potential to improve the efficiency of emergent healthcare management in COVID-19, which however has not been widely adopted due to unclear definition and configuration. This research aims to propose a proof of concept of digital twins for emergent healthcare management through configuring the cyber and functional interdependencies of healthcare systems at local and city levels. Critical interdependencies of healthcare systems have been firstly identified at both levels, then the information and associated cyber and functional interdependencies embedded in seven critical hospital information systems (HISs) have been identified and mapped. The proposed conceptual digital twin-based approach has been then developed for information coordination amongst these critical HISs at both local and city levels based on permissioned blockchain to (1) integrate and manage the information from seven critical HISs, and further (2) predict the demands of medical resources according to patient trajectory. A case study has been finally conducted at three hospitals in London during the COVID-19 period, and the results showed that the developed framework of blockchain-integrated digital twins is a promising way to provide more accurate and timely procurement information to decision-makers and can effectively support evidence-based decisions on medical resource allocation in the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76179551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arsenic catastrophe of groundwater is a serious concern in the developing world. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in arsenic remediation in India, where millions of households are exposed to arsenic poisoning via drinking water drawn from contaminated aquifers. Arsenic Treatment Units (ATUs) have been effective in helping regions where piped–water–supply of surface water is unachievable due to logistic constraints. But no policy measure exists on environmental and economic management of the voluminous wastewater produced by the ATUs. The waste is highly toxic in terms of its arsenic content and leachability, and therefore can readily re–contaminate local environments if suitable stabilisation methods are not implemented. This article presents an investigation of the recent developments in arsenic wastewater management practices of a severely affected state called West Bengal. Commercial fixation of the waste via incorporation into building materials is often seen as a potent method for ultimate encapsulation of arsenic toxicity. By analyzing the practical efficacy of such a prospective project, the author has made an attempt to model scenarios involving non–hazardous and financially beneficial arsenic waste management for sustainable arsenic mitigation in the region.
{"title":"Arsenic calamity in India’s West Bengal: a critical review of mitigation scenarios for sustainability modelling","authors":"Soumyajit Koley","doi":"10.1680/jensu.21.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.21.00066","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic catastrophe of groundwater is a serious concern in the developing world. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in arsenic remediation in India, where millions of households are exposed to arsenic poisoning via drinking water drawn from contaminated aquifers. Arsenic Treatment Units (ATUs) have been effective in helping regions where piped–water–supply of surface water is unachievable due to logistic constraints. But no policy measure exists on environmental and economic management of the voluminous wastewater produced by the ATUs. The waste is highly toxic in terms of its arsenic content and leachability, and therefore can readily re–contaminate local environments if suitable stabilisation methods are not implemented. This article presents an investigation of the recent developments in arsenic wastewater management practices of a severely affected state called West Bengal. Commercial fixation of the waste via incorporation into building materials is often seen as a potent method for ultimate encapsulation of arsenic toxicity. By analyzing the practical efficacy of such a prospective project, the author has made an attempt to model scenarios involving non–hazardous and financially beneficial arsenic waste management for sustainable arsenic mitigation in the region.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76563239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fly ash usually requires high-temperature maintenance owning to low volcanic ash activity, which greatly limits its application. In this study, fly ash-based geopolymer grouting materials were prepared by modifying them with suitable alkali activators and metakaolin under room temperature. The results of the orthogonal experiments showed that the content of metakaolin had the most significant effect on the material’s 1, 7, and 28 d mechanical properties. The optimum mix proportion was determined as metakaolin content (mMK/mP)=15%, sodium silicate modulus (Ms)=1.0, sodium silicate content (mSS/mP)=50%. The compressive strengths of the materials at 1, 7 and 28 days were 12.6, 24.9 and 36.3 MPa, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the reaction mechanism of fly ash was subjected to a bi-directional alkaline attack. Meanwhile, the unreacted fly ash particles proved the inertness of fly ash. While metakaolin mostly dissolved and formed N-A-S-H gel to increase the mechanical strength of geopolymer. The material developed in this study can meet the specification requirements of inorganic cementitious material for road grouting in terms of compressive strength and fluidity, extending the usage amount of fly ash and contributing to environmental protection.
{"title":"Fly ash-based geopolymer grouting material modified by metakaolin for greener road engineering","authors":"Feng Li, Zhanning Yang, Siqi Zhou, Xiao Zhang, Duanyang Liu, Yijie Su, Q. Niu","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00079","url":null,"abstract":"Fly ash usually requires high-temperature maintenance owning to low volcanic ash activity, which greatly limits its application. In this study, fly ash-based geopolymer grouting materials were prepared by modifying them with suitable alkali activators and metakaolin under room temperature. The results of the orthogonal experiments showed that the content of metakaolin had the most significant effect on the material’s 1, 7, and 28 d mechanical properties. The optimum mix proportion was determined as metakaolin content (mMK/mP)=15%, sodium silicate modulus (Ms)=1.0, sodium silicate content (mSS/mP)=50%. The compressive strengths of the materials at 1, 7 and 28 days were 12.6, 24.9 and 36.3 MPa, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the reaction mechanism of fly ash was subjected to a bi-directional alkaline attack. Meanwhile, the unreacted fly ash particles proved the inertness of fly ash. While metakaolin mostly dissolved and formed N-A-S-H gel to increase the mechanical strength of geopolymer. The material developed in this study can meet the specification requirements of inorganic cementitious material for road grouting in terms of compressive strength and fluidity, extending the usage amount of fly ash and contributing to environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88990948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the lack of feedback analysis tools, it is impossible to assess the adaptability between the renovated community and different users. Therefore, we discussed the adaptability evaluation system for renovated communities from healthy sustainability. The correlation between the adaptability of older communities and relevant subjects and objective environments was analysed. Two significant findings were obtained: (1) An innovative adaptability evaluation system was developed. It was developed using rough set theory, structural equation modelling and importance-performance analysis. This system assessed different attributes of the capital system (social, economic and environmental) and different indicators in the area of health sustainability. (2) The system usability was verified through the study. In this way, the correlation between space health, environmental health, service health, health performance optimisation and health adaptability after community renovation was obtained. The results also showed that spatial changes significantly affect the adaptability and health performance of communities (e.g., elderly-oriented performance, juvenile fitness, and energy utilisation performance). These performances need to be further optimised in community renovation. This study provides a simple and applicable tool to evaluate the effectiveness of community renovation, thus ensuring more sustainable renovation practices.
{"title":"Assessing the adaptability of older communities for renovation: A structural equation model involving health sustainability","authors":"Honglin Lu, Xun Zhang","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00049","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the lack of feedback analysis tools, it is impossible to assess the adaptability between the renovated community and different users. Therefore, we discussed the adaptability evaluation system for renovated communities from healthy sustainability. The correlation between the adaptability of older communities and relevant subjects and objective environments was analysed. Two significant findings were obtained: (1) An innovative adaptability evaluation system was developed. It was developed using rough set theory, structural equation modelling and importance-performance analysis. This system assessed different attributes of the capital system (social, economic and environmental) and different indicators in the area of health sustainability. (2) The system usability was verified through the study. In this way, the correlation between space health, environmental health, service health, health performance optimisation and health adaptability after community renovation was obtained. The results also showed that spatial changes significantly affect the adaptability and health performance of communities (e.g., elderly-oriented performance, juvenile fitness, and energy utilisation performance). These performances need to be further optimised in community renovation. This study provides a simple and applicable tool to evaluate the effectiveness of community renovation, thus ensuring more sustainable renovation practices.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76271987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the electrical energy consumption of an apartment building was calculated depending on the different design parameters. The electrical energy consumption was found according to the population information of the selected cities. In the calculations, firstly, the application of different insulation materials secondly, discrete; the state of being a building, a tree-lined building, and an adjacent building, and thirdly; different glazing types have been taken into account. Using the Taguchi method, experimental designs are conducted for each representative city. Then, the most suitable building design parameters were determined for each province according to the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. In the study, pollutant emissions such as CO2, SO2, NOx and PM released to the atmosphere were investigated. It has been observed that there is a 50% reduction in energy consumption and emissions based on the most suitable building design parameter determined by the Taguchi method.
{"title":"Investigation of emission release based on the energy consumption of buildings by the aid of Taguchi method","authors":"O. Kon, A. D. Karaoglan, Ismail Caner","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00082","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the electrical energy consumption of an apartment building was calculated depending on the different design parameters. The electrical energy consumption was found according to the population information of the selected cities. In the calculations, firstly, the application of different insulation materials secondly, discrete; the state of being a building, a tree-lined building, and an adjacent building, and thirdly; different glazing types have been taken into account. Using the Taguchi method, experimental designs are conducted for each representative city. Then, the most suitable building design parameters were determined for each province according to the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. In the study, pollutant emissions such as CO2, SO2, NOx and PM released to the atmosphere were investigated. It has been observed that there is a 50% reduction in energy consumption and emissions based on the most suitable building design parameter determined by the Taguchi method.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"37 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nadimi, Mohammad Ali Zayandehroodi, Fatemeh Rahmani, Morteza Asadamraji, T. Litman
The COVID-19 outbreak changed travel behavior in many ways. This paper evaluates these changes in Tehran, Iran from a transportation sustainability perspective. It uses data from travel surveys before and during the pandemic to evaluate changes in travel activity and their impacts on public transportation (PT) system costs and revenues, air quality, and traffic crashes. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to assess the potential impact of passengers’ characteristics, details of each transportation mode and the severity of COVID-19 on travel behavior. Hypothesis testing is used to compare the changes that occurred in air quality and traffic crashes. SEM outputs indicate that the frequency of trips previously made by sustainable modes and changes in regular trips have the highest impact on the sustainability of trips made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Air quality declined in many city districts. The pandemic caused reductions in PT ridership and increase in private cars use, which threaten the long-term sustainability of public transit services. Crash fatalities declined slightly, especially during periods of movement restrictions. However, the motorcycle fatal crashes increased in comparison to the reduction in its trips, apparently due to increased traffic speeds. The government did not use the pandemic as an opportunity to promote sustainable and low-contagion modes. This analysis suggests that the COVID-19 outbreak reduced overall transportation sustainability in Tehran.
{"title":"Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on transport sustainability","authors":"N. Nadimi, Mohammad Ali Zayandehroodi, Fatemeh Rahmani, Morteza Asadamraji, T. Litman","doi":"10.1680/jensu.22.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00050","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak changed travel behavior in many ways. This paper evaluates these changes in Tehran, Iran from a transportation sustainability perspective. It uses data from travel surveys before and during the pandemic to evaluate changes in travel activity and their impacts on public transportation (PT) system costs and revenues, air quality, and traffic crashes. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to assess the potential impact of passengers’ characteristics, details of each transportation mode and the severity of COVID-19 on travel behavior. Hypothesis testing is used to compare the changes that occurred in air quality and traffic crashes. SEM outputs indicate that the frequency of trips previously made by sustainable modes and changes in regular trips have the highest impact on the sustainability of trips made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Air quality declined in many city districts. The pandemic caused reductions in PT ridership and increase in private cars use, which threaten the long-term sustainability of public transit services. Crash fatalities declined slightly, especially during periods of movement restrictions. However, the motorcycle fatal crashes increased in comparison to the reduction in its trips, apparently due to increased traffic speeds. The government did not use the pandemic as an opportunity to promote sustainable and low-contagion modes. This analysis suggests that the COVID-19 outbreak reduced overall transportation sustainability in Tehran.","PeriodicalId":49671,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85237440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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