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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability最新文献

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Bridging technical, ecological and social-economic knowledge in engineering design 在工程设计中衔接技术、生态和社会经济知识
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00063
J. Halbe, J. Adamowski
Sustainable engineering design requires the joint consideration of technical, ecological, economic and social aspects in the provision of societal demands, such as water and energy supply. A growing number of concepts and methods for integrated assessment and sustainable design have been developed in recent decades, and pose new challenges to the engineering profession. This article proposes the use of systems design concepts and methods to link engineering design to ecological and social-economic knowledge. This study expands the conventional functional analysis approach from systems engineering with a technical focus toward a more integrated perspective that allows for the joint consideration of technical, ecological and social-economic solutions in engineering design. Participatory systems thinking and system dynamics modelling are used for conceptual and preliminary system design by analysing the hierarchy and flows of functions to meet system requirements. The methodology consists of three steps: requirements analysis (Step 1), functional organisation analysis (Step 2) and functional flow analysis (Step 3). An application of the methodology is provided using sustainable water management in Cyprus as an example. The results demonstrate the synergies and trade-offs between technical, ecological and social solutions in water management that provide important information for the subsequent detailed system design phase.
可持续工程设计需要在提供社会需求(如水和能源供应)方面共同考虑技术、生态、经济和社会方面。近几十年来,越来越多的综合评估和可持续设计的概念和方法得到了发展,并对工程专业提出了新的挑战。本文提出运用系统设计的概念和方法,将工程设计与生态和社会经济知识联系起来。本研究将传统的功能分析方法从侧重技术的系统工程扩展到更综合的视角,允许在工程设计中联合考虑技术、生态和社会经济解决方案。参与式系统思维和系统动力学建模被用于概念和初步的系统设计,通过分析层次结构和功能流程来满足系统需求。该方法包括三个步骤:需求分析(第1步),功能组织分析(第2步)和功能流程分析(第3步)。以塞浦路斯的可持续水管理为例,提供了该方法的应用。研究结果证明了水管理中技术、生态和社会解决方案之间的协同作用和权衡,为随后的详细系统设计阶段提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
Field investigation of sustainable green concrete incorporating ultra-high volumes of coal ash – a case study 加入超高体积煤灰的可持续绿色混凝土的实地调查-一个案例研究
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.22.00047
A. Titiksh, S. Wanjari
Coal-fired thermal power plant ash (CTPA) has been widely used in construction works not only as a partial replacement to conventional cementitious binders but also as a substitute to fine aggregates. However, higher volumes of CTPA in concrete typically lead to non-satisfactory performance of concrete in terms of strength and durability. This was remedied by incorporation of hyper-plasticizers which offset the negative effects of loss of workability, segregation, bleeding, and strength reduction. This study describes three field studies undertaken with ultra-high volumes of CTPA in terms of Class-F fly ash (FA) and coarse bottom ash (BA) in M40 grade sustainable pavement quality concrete (PQC) at NTPC Khargone, Khargone, India, NTPC Mouda, Nagpur, India, and DIL Tadali, Chandrapur, India. Core samples of 100mm diameter and varying slenderness ratio were drawn from casted segments at site after 28 days curing and the results in terms of compressive strength and durability characteristics were evaluated against the results of laboratory investigation. Statistical analysis was also conducted using student’s t-test to analysis the variance in the results. Effects of H/D ratio of core samples on the compressive strength of cores were also analyzed. The results indicate a non-significant difference in the values of means of compressive strength of the batches for H/D = 1 indicating the field applicability of the developed mix designs for severe exposure conditions.
燃煤火电厂灰料不仅可以部分替代传统的水泥粘结剂,还可以替代细骨料,在建筑工程中得到了广泛的应用。然而,混凝土中CTPA的高体积通常会导致混凝土在强度和耐久性方面的性能不令人满意。这是通过掺入高增塑剂来弥补的,高增塑剂抵消了和易性损失、分离、出血和强度降低的负面影响。本研究描述了在印度哈尔贡的NTPC Khargone、印度那格浦尔的NTPC Mouda和印度Chandrapur的DIL Tadali对M40级可持续路面质量混凝土(PQC)中的f级粉煤灰(FA)和粗底灰(BA)进行的超高量CTPA的三项实地研究。从现场浇铸段中提取直径为100mm、长细比不同的岩心,经过28天的养护,并根据实验室调查结果对其抗压强度和耐久性特性进行了评价。采用学生t检验进行统计分析,分析结果的方差。分析了岩心试样的H/D比对岩心抗压强度的影响。结果表明,H/D = 1时,各批次的抗压强度平均值差异不显著,表明所开发的混合料设计在恶劣暴露条件下的现场适用性。
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引用次数: 1
A novel numerical simulation of the soil-structure interaction incorporating sustainable concrete and filling materials 结合可持续混凝土和填充材料的新型土-结构相互作用的数值模拟
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.22.00062
I. Saribas, Bahadir Ok
As a result of urban transformation activities, natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, firestorms, dust storms), regional and global wars, billions of tons of waste concrete occur. Therefore, the remediation process of waste concrete is one of the critical research topics of recent years. The sustainability concept provides a primary bridge between the demand for natural concrete material and the remediation process of waste concrete. Recycled aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate, which may be named sustainable materials, are obtained by the recycling process of waste concrete. Many experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to exhibit that this sustainable material is an alternative product to natural aggregate in recent years. According to the authors’ best knowledge, the originality of this study: (a) this is the first time that comprehensive numerical simulation results of soil-structure interaction containing sustainable concrete and filling materials are reported in detail, (b) investigation of the applicability of existing numerical simulation models in sustainable soil-structure interaction problems, (c) contribution the realistic simulation of the structural behavior of the sustainable soil-structure interactions. In this study, which contributed to the studies in the literature, a comprehensive numerical simulation of foundation beams resting on soils incorporated with conventional and sustainable material has been performed. The concrete properties of these foundation beams are considered with conventional (natural aggregate) concrete and sustainable (recycled aggregate) concrete with four different recycled concrete aggregate ratios (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). In addition, the material conditions of soils are regarded with six different mixed recycled aggregates as a filling material. Based on the numerical simulation, the deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring force capacities of conventional and sustainable foundation beams resting on soils exhibited slightly different behavior depending on the recycled concrete aggregate and mixed recycled aggregate ratios. Finally, comparing the numerical simulation results of soil-structural interaction members incorporating conventional and sustainable materials indicated that the soil-structure interaction modeling process applied to conventional foundation beams resting on soils is also valid for sustainable members.
由于城市改造活动、自然灾害(地震、海啸、风暴、洪水、飓风、龙卷风、火山爆发、火灾、沙尘暴)、区域和全球战争,产生了数十亿吨的废弃混凝土。因此,废旧混凝土的修复工艺是近年来的重要研究课题之一。可持续性概念在对天然混凝土材料的需求和废弃混凝土的修复过程之间提供了一个主要的桥梁。再生骨料和再生混凝土骨料是通过对废旧混凝土进行回收处理而获得的可持续性材料。近年来,许多实验和数值研究表明,这种可持续材料是天然骨料的替代产品。据作者所知,这项研究的原创性:(a)首次详细报道了包含可持续混凝土和填充材料的土-结构相互作用的综合数值模拟结果;(b)调查了现有数值模拟模型在可持续土-结构相互作用问题中的适用性;(c)对可持续土-结构相互作用的结构行为进行了现实的模拟。在本研究中,对文献中的研究做出了贡献,对传统和可持续材料结合的土壤上的基础梁进行了全面的数值模拟。这些基础梁的混凝土性能考虑了传统(天然骨料)混凝土和可持续(再生骨料)混凝土的四种不同的再生混凝土骨料比(25%,50%,75%和100%)。此外,采用六种不同的混合再生骨料作为充填材料,考察了土体的物质条件。基于数值模拟,基于土的传统和可持续基础梁的挠度、旋转、弯矩、剪力和弹簧力能力随再生混凝土骨料和混合再生骨料比的不同而略有不同。最后,对比了采用传统材料和可持续材料的土-结构相互作用构件的数值模拟结果,表明适用于传统地基梁的土-结构相互作用模型也适用于可持续构件。
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引用次数: 1
Durability behaviour of self-compacting concrete containing high-volume fly ash and alternative aggregates 含大体积粉煤灰和替代骨料的自密实混凝土耐久性性能
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.22.00059
K. Kumar, K. Kapoor, R. Singh, Paramveer Singh
This study presents utilisation of High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) in design of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing alternative aggregate particles. The class-F Fly Ash was used in a binary blend of Portland Cement at a fixed dosage of 50% by weight of powder and natural coarse and fine aggregates were replaced with coarse and fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCAs), respectively, at replacement levels of 0%, 50% and 100% by volume. Durability properties of the SCC mixes were studied using rapid chloride penetration test, initial surface absorption test and capillary suction test. Results of the study showed that concrete mix made with replacement of natural coarse aggregates with 50% coarse RCAs, concrete mix made replacement of natural fine aggregates with 50% fine RCAs and concrete mix made with replacement of both natural coarse and fine aggregates with the respective RCAs at 50% replacement level exhibits satisfactory performance without compromising their fresh and hardened state properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of HVFA in SCCs improved the hardened state properties at later ages of curing due to the secondary pozzolanic reaction.
本研究提出了利用大体积粉煤灰(HVFA)设计自密实混凝土(SCC)含有替代骨料颗粒。将f类粉煤灰用于波特兰水泥的二元混合料中,按粉末重量的固定剂量为50%,并用粗粒和细粒再生混凝土骨料(RCAs)分别以0%、50%和100%的体积替代天然粗粒和细粒骨料。采用快速氯化物渗透试验、初始表面吸收试验和毛细吸力试验研究了SCC混合料的耐久性能。研究结果表明,用50%粗RCAs替代天然粗骨料制成的混凝土配合比,用50%细RCAs替代天然细骨料制成的混凝土配合比,以及分别用50%替代水平的RCAs替代天然粗骨料和细骨料制成的混凝土配合比,在不影响其新鲜和硬化状态性能的情况下,表现出令人满意的性能。此外,由于二次火山灰反应,在SCCs中掺入HVFA改善了固化后期的硬化状态性能。
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引用次数: 1
Briefing: Rethinking urban infrastructure from an ecological perspective in a post Covid-19 world 简报会:从生态角度重新思考后疫情时代的城市基础设施
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.22.09999
Ian Mell
Road infrastructure is necessary for any country to function and upon which daily life depends. Novel sources of vulnerability, such as climate change or increased interdependencies amongst networks due to technological advancements, can lead to road disruptions. Those disruptions may have catastrophic results if there are no alternative routes to serve traffic. State of the art research in improving transport network connectivity and consequently resilience focuses on adopting a network perspective. However, there is no comprehensive, widespread method for evaluating connectivity and proposing alternative routes to enhance it. Presented herein is a framework that firstly assesses road network connectivity using a “closeness” measure and secondly proposes the development of optimal alternative routes, using a genetic algorithm. The case study examines routes passing by the vulnerable asset of bridges. The results showed a significant improvement of network connectivity and the potential of the method to serve as the basis for updated transport infrastructure planning practices.
道路基础设施对任何国家的运作和日常生活都是必要的。新的脆弱性来源,如气候变化或由于技术进步而增加的网络之间的相互依赖性,可能导致道路中断。如果没有替代路线来服务交通,这些中断可能会造成灾难性的后果。在改善交通网络连通性和弹性方面,目前的研究主要集中在采用网络视角。然而,目前还没有全面、广泛的方法来评估连通性,并提出替代路线来增强连通性。本文提出了一个框架,该框架首先使用“亲密度”度量来评估道路网络的连通性,然后使用遗传算法提出最优替代路线的开发。该案例研究考察了经过桥梁脆弱资产的路线。结果表明,网络连通性有了显著改善,该方法有潜力作为更新交通基础设施规划实践的基础。
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引用次数: 1
Optimal electric bus scheduling by considering photovoltaic charging infrastructure 考虑光伏充电基础设施的电动公交车调度优化
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.22.00061
Xiaohan Liu, Xiaolei Ma, Ruifeng Shi, Zhengke Liu
Battery electric buses (BEBs) are introduced to substitute for diesel buses worldwide owing to their zero emissions. Investigating BEB scheduling problems is crucial for minimizing charging costs and satisfying passenger demands. In addition, photovoltaic and energy storage system (PESS) adoption on public transport could offer a promising alternative toward reducing charging cost and carbon emissions. This paper presents a novel BEB scheduling problem in which PESS is deployed at bus charging stations. The proposed problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming in which BEB scheduling and photovoltaic (PV) energy scheduling are optimized. To improve solution efficiency, a two-step solution approach is proposed. First, a BEB scheduling problem without considering PESS is solved in the first step, and then a PV energy scheduling problem is solved in the second step. A case study is performed using the operational data of bus No. 404 and 109 in Beijing. Results show that the sum of charging and carbon emission costs will be reduced considerably if PESS is introduced in a transit system. This study provides new insights for engineering a sustainable future in green transportation.
电池电动公交车(beb)因其零排放而在世界范围内被引入,以取代柴油公交车。研究公交调度问题对于降低收费成本和满足乘客需求至关重要。此外,在公共交通上采用光伏和储能系统(PESS)可以为降低充电成本和碳排放提供一个有希望的替代方案。本文提出了一种将PESS部署在公交充电站的新型BEB调度问题。提出的问题是一个混合整数线性规划,其中BEB调度和光伏(PV)能源调度是最优的。为了提高求解效率,提出了两步求解方法。首先求解不考虑PESS的BEB调度问题,然后求解PV能量调度问题。以北京市404路和109路公交车的运行数据为例进行了分析。结果表明,在公交系统中引入PESS可显著降低收费成本和碳排放成本之和。这项研究为设计绿色交通的可持续未来提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Benchmarking performance of machine-learning methods for building energy demand modelling 建筑能源需求建模的机器学习方法的基准性能
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00101
Merve Kuru Erdem, Onur Sariçiçek, G. Calis
The relevance, relative importance and co-linearity of input parameters to the results of building energy demand forecasts were investigated. Two calendar years of historical data including weather variables and days of week were used. The study also aimed to assess the performance of multiple-linear-regression, support-vector-machine and artificial-neural-network models for predicting daily heating, ventilation and air-conditioning energy consumption of a commercial building in France. Mean absolute error, root mean square error and coefficient of variation of root-mean squared error were selected as the performance criteria. The results showed that the best performance was achieved via the artificial-neural-network model according to all performance measures. In addition, the other two models were not able to meet the predicting requirements for energy consumption in a building since their coefficient-of-variation-o-root-mean-squared error values were not below 30%. The results also indicated that there was multiple co-linearity between the number of degree days and outdoor temperature. Furthermore, the most significant parameter on daily energy consumption was found to be the number of degree days, followed by global radiation, sunshine rate and the day of the week, respectively.
研究了输入参数对建筑能源需求预测结果的相关性、相对重要性和共线性。使用了两个日历年的历史数据,包括天气变量和星期数。该研究还旨在评估多元线性回归、支持向量机和人工神经网络模型的性能,以预测法国一座商业建筑的每日供暖、通风和空调能耗。选择平均绝对误差、均方根误差和均方根误差变异系数作为性能标准。结果表明,在所有性能指标中,人工神经网络模型的性能最好。另外,另外两种模型的变异系数-均方根误差值均不低于30%,不能满足建筑物能耗的预测要求。结果还表明,日数与室外温度存在多重共线性关系。对日能源消耗影响最显著的参数是度日数,其次是总辐射量、日照率和星期数。
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引用次数: 1
The benefits of Nature Based Systems in a changing and uncertain world 基于自然的系统在不断变化和不确定的世界中的好处
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00102
R. Ashley, B. Horton, L. Walker, C. Digman, P. Shaffer, S. Herk
Multi-functional nature-based solutions (NBS) can help urban areas become more climate proof, adaptable, and provide a range of societal goals. Alongside chronic impacts from climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic has illustrated the disruption that unexpected and acute shocks can bring to society. Measures like NBS can help reduce the vulnerability of urban areas and increase resilience. Traditional infrastructure planning relies on strong business cases to demonstrate the economic value of a scheme. Numerous approaches assign economic value to the benefits from using NBS. However, this value is more than can be accounted by traditional finance methods as there are many different perspectives on ‘value’. Decision making processes for selection of NBS measures require stronger integration of these value perspectives. This paper considers these perspectives in the business models that are being used in the decision processes regarding use and selection of NBS. Examples are drawn from case studies in the EU BEGIN project and also from the Living With Water (LWW) partnership in the UK illustrate how value perspectives can be included in business cases for NBS, also signposting the need to account for potential future changes using scenario planning.
基于自然的多功能解决方案(NBS)可以帮助城市地区变得更具气候适应性和适应性,并提供一系列社会目标。除了气候变化的长期影响外,2019冠状病毒病大流行还说明了意外和急性冲击可能给社会带来的破坏。国家统计局等措施有助于减少城市地区的脆弱性,增强抵御能力。传统的基础设施规划依赖于强有力的商业案例来证明方案的经济价值。许多方法都为使用国家统计局的好处赋予了经济价值。然而,这个价值比传统的金融方法所能计算的要多,因为对“价值”有许多不同的观点。选择国家统计局指标的决策过程需要这些价值视角的更强整合。本文考虑了这些商业模式的观点,这些观点正在用于有关使用和选择NBS的决策过程中。欧盟BEGIN项目的案例研究以及英国“与水共存”(LWW)合作伙伴关系的案例说明了如何将价值视角纳入国家统计局的商业案例,同时也指出了使用情景规划考虑潜在未来变化的必要性。
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引用次数: 3
Editorial: Social value in infrastructure 社论:基础设施的社会价值
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.2022.175.4.165
Carrie Behar, Judith Sykes
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引用次数: 1
Influence of ultrafine steatite powder on the mechanical and durability properties of alkali-activated concrete 超细滑石粉对碱活化混凝土力学性能和耐久性的影响
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00103
R. Premkumar, Chokkalingam Ramesh Babu, V. Athira, A. Bahurudeen, M. Shanmugasundaram
Alkali activated binders are emerging sustainable binders in the construction sector due to their higher strength and superior resistance against aggressive environments than cement concrete. Steatite powder is obtained as a by-product from soapstone processing and disposed of as waste in large quantities. Studies on the reuse of steatite powder in alkali-activated concrete are highly narrow. Hence, the current research majors on the influence of ultra-fine steatite powder on the mechanical as well as durability properties of slag and fly ash-based alkali-activated concrete. Six replacement levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%) of slag and fly ash with steatite powder were adopted and activated using sodium-based activator. Heat curing and ambient curing were performed for fly ash-steatite concrete and slag-steatite concrete, respectively. From the test results, 30% steatite powder is optimum in slag and fly ash-based alkali-activated concretes. Lesser water absorption and higher resistance against acid exposure are observed for steatite used alkali-activated concrete specimens.
碱活化粘合剂由于其比水泥混凝土具有更高的强度和更强的抗侵蚀性,在建筑领域成为新兴的可持续粘合剂。滑石粉是由皂石加工得到的副产品,并作为废物大量处理。对滑石粉在碱活化混凝土中的再利用研究非常狭隘。因此,目前的研究重点是超细滑石粉对矿渣和粉煤灰基碱活化混凝土力学性能和耐久性的影响。采用10、20、30、40、50、60%的滑石粉替代矿渣和粉煤灰,采用钠基活化剂进行活化。对粉煤灰-滑石混凝土和矿渣-滑石混凝土分别进行了热养护和环境养护。从试验结果来看,在矿渣和粉煤灰基碱活化混凝土中,滑石粉的掺量为30%为最佳。使用碱活化的滑石混凝土试样,吸水率较低,抗酸暴露性较高。
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引用次数: 1
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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability
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