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A multicriteria methodology for maintenance planning of cycling infrastructure 自行车基础设施维护计划的多标准方法
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00088
Filipe Pais, João Monteiro, Nuno Sousa, J. Coutinho-Rodrigues, Eduardo Natividade-Jesus
The importance of cycling as a sustainable mode has been widely recognized and, recently, its effectiveness in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases has also been under the spotlight. Fostering its use requires developing and deploying decision tools to help authorities assess the performance of their cycle infrastructure for maintenance and improvements. This article presents a multicriteria methodology based on engineering best practices and uses the ELECTRE TRI method to assign segments of the cycling network to predefined performance classes, with an aim at maintenance planning. The approach is demonstrated with a case study, which also proves scalability of the method’s data collection procedure. Case study results show that lack of safety and inadequate intersections are the main problems. These stem mostly from non-existent segregation between motorized traffic and cyclists, both along the segments and at intersections. This is typical of cities which, over the years, have prioritized motorized transportation.
骑自行车作为一种可持续模式的重要性已得到广泛认识,最近,它在减轻传染病传播方面的有效性也受到关注。促进其使用需要开发和部署决策工具,以帮助当局评估其循环基础设施的性能,以便进行维护和改进。本文提出了一种基于工程最佳实践的多标准方法,并使用ELECTRE TRI方法将自行车网络的部分分配到预定义的性能类别,目的是进行维护计划。通过实例分析验证了该方法的数据收集过程的可扩展性。案例分析结果表明,缺乏安全性和不充分的交叉口是主要问题。这些主要源于机动车和自行车之间不存在的隔离,无论是在路段还是在十字路口。这是多年来优先发展机动交通的典型城市。
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引用次数: 1
Creating long term social value on major infrastructure projects: a case study 为大型基础设施项目创造长期社会价值:个案研究
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00082
Samantha Freelove, Iulian Gramațki
Infrastructure projects have a duty and obligation to create social value that is broader than the core benefits achieved through construction of the asset. It has been recognised that in the procurement and construction of the asset, social value opportunities should be created that respond to the needs of the project location. However, measuring social value for large infrastructure projects is challenging because of the sheer number of changes in different areas of society as a result of the project. Many of these changes go unrecorded by the organisation in charge of the infrastructure project or anyone else in society. Furthermore, social value measurement studies are often commissioned when the project is already well underway or even completed, which can mean that mechanisms to properly collect the required input data to quantify and value social impact was not set up, and by that point it is usually too late to do so. This paper outlines best practice methodology in creating a framework to achieve social value, using Tideway, the company delivering the Thames Tideway Tunnel project in London, UK, as a case study to share lessons learnt from their approach to social value creation.
基础设施项目有责任和义务创造比通过建设资产获得的核心效益更广泛的社会价值。人们已经认识到,在资产的采购和建设中,应该创造社会价值机会,以响应项目所在地的需求。然而,衡量大型基础设施项目的社会价值是具有挑战性的,因为项目会给社会的不同领域带来巨大的变化。许多这些变化都没有被负责基础设施项目的组织或社会上的其他人记录下来。此外,社会价值测量研究通常是在项目已经进行或甚至完成时委托进行的,这可能意味着没有建立适当收集所需输入数据以量化和评估社会影响的机制,而到那时,这样做通常为时已晚。本文概述了创建实现社会价值框架的最佳实践方法,并以Tideway公司为例,分享了他们在创造社会价值方面的经验教训。Tideway公司负责英国伦敦的泰晤士潮汐隧道项目。
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引用次数: 4
Environmental impacts of drilled shafts in sand 砂中钻井井对环境的影响
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00091
Mina Lee, D. Basu
Geotechnical constructions involve consumption of vast amount of nonrenewable natural resources, and energy- and carbon-intensive materials (e.g., cement and steel) that contribute significantly to global warming and climate change. This paper uses drilled shaft as an example to illustrate the importance of environmental impact assessment in the design phase of foundations. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to quantify the environmental impacts of construction of single drilled shafts and groups embedded in sandy soil profiles. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of soil properties, design parameters, and hauling distances of construction materials and equipment on the environmental impacts of single drilled shafts. For pile groups, different configurations, applied load, center-to-center spacing, and thickness of pile cap are considered in the parametric study. The global warming impact and human toxicity of a typical drilled shaft is found to be 39% and 486% of annual world impact per person, respectively. Based on the study, charts and tables are developed that may be used for quick estimation of global warming impact of drilled shafts without the use of specialised LCA software programs.
岩土工程涉及消耗大量不可再生的自然资源,以及能源和碳密集型材料(如水泥和钢铁),这些材料对全球变暖和气候变化有重大影响。本文以钻孔竖井为例,说明环境影响评价在基础设计阶段的重要性。采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对砂土剖面中单钻井和群施工的环境影响进行了量化。进行参数化研究,以调查土壤性质、设计参数、建筑材料和设备的运输距离对单钻竖井环境影响的影响。对于桩群,参数化研究中考虑了不同构型、外加荷载、中心间距和桩承台厚度。一个典型的钻井井对全球变暖的影响和对人类的毒性分别占全球人均年影响的39%和486%。在研究的基础上,开发了图表和表格,可用于快速估计钻井井对全球变暖的影响,而无需使用专门的LCA软件程序。
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引用次数: 2
Development of sustainable prefabricated housing system by small-scale experimental model 可持续预制住宅系统的小规模试验模型研究
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00071
Ravijanya Chippagiri, A. Brás, Rahul V Ralegaonkar
Utilisation of unused industrial wastes and need for rapid volumetric construction led to the evolution of sustainable prefabricated housing elements, particularly for urban slums. An agro-industrial by-product as raw material and waste expanded polystyrene beads as the insulation material are chosen to develop a lightweight prefabricated construction element. This bio-ash is used as a partial replacement, 20% and 10% for the fine aggregates to prepare concrete and lightweight mix respectively. A small-scale model of one-third scale is conceptualised as per standards that include precast columns and beams as framed structure, and prefab panels as walling and roofing elements. These elements are developed as per the desired mix proportions of the identified raw materials. The respective laboratory specimens are evaluated for the physico-mechanical, durability, and thermal properties. The developed walling end-product is found to be 27% lighter, 8% stronger, 24% less water-absorbent, and 62% less conductive when compared with the properties of commercially available fly-ash brick. A solar photovoltaic panel is embedded into the model’s pitch roof that accommodates 71% of its generated energy to necessary electrical appliances. The material properties are found to be satisfactory for its on-site application and its final erection being 20% faster than conventional method.
利用未使用的工业废物和对快速体积建筑的需求导致了可持续预制住房元素的发展,特别是对于城市贫民窟。以农工副产品为原料,选用废旧膨胀聚苯乙烯微珠为保温材料,研制了一种轻量化预制构件。该生物灰作为部分替代,20%和10%分别用于细骨料配制混凝土和轻质混合料。一个三分之一比例的小规模模型是按照标准概念化的,包括预制柱和梁作为框架结构,预制板作为墙壁和屋顶元素。这些元素是根据确定的原料的所需混合比例开发的。各自的实验室样品的物理力学,耐久性和热性能进行评估。研究发现,与市售粉煤灰砖的性能相比,开发的墙体最终产品轻27%,强8%,吸水率降低24%,导电性降低62%。太阳能光伏板嵌入到模型的斜屋顶,可容纳其产生的能量的71%,必要的电器。该材料性能满足现场应用要求,最终安装速度比常规方法快20%。
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引用次数: 4
Sustainable paving alternative for low-volume roads using cold recycled asphalt 使用冷再生沥青替代低容量道路的可持续铺装方案
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00036
María Elena Araneda, M. Pradena, Rodrigo Silva, Marcos Pardo
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is a waste generated by removing asphalt material from a pavement. If the RAP is not recycled, the pavement will require new asphalt layers, typically formed by virgin materials (bitumen and aggregates). One way to recycle RAP, is by applying the cold asphalt technique with bitumen emulsion as an additive, which potentially has environmental benefits. This technique can be a cost-effective alternative for low-volume road (LVR) networks which connect to main asphalt paved roads. The objective of this research is to analyse the alternative of paving with RAP using cold bitumen emulsion as a binder. This pavement structure was compared with a traditional hot mix asphalt pavement as alternative for LVRs. The environmental impact analysis, through a streamlined Life Cycle Analysis, showed that the cold recycled alternative typically generates 50% less impact than a traditional pavement. In terms of global warming the hot mix asphalt pavement generates three times more emissions than the cold recycled alternative. The most important factors in these differences are the in-situ construction technique of the RAP alternative and, as is the case in Chile, the long distances to a hot mix asphalt plant.
再生沥青路面(RAP)是从路面上清除沥青材料产生的废物。如果RAP不回收,路面将需要新的沥青层,通常由原始材料(沥青和集料)形成。回收RAP的一种方法是采用沥青乳液作为添加剂的冷沥青技术,这种技术具有潜在的环境效益。这种技术对于连接主要沥青路面的低容量道路(LVR)网络来说是一种具有成本效益的替代方案。本研究的目的是分析用冷沥青乳液作为粘结剂的RAP铺装的替代方案。将这种路面结构与传统的热混合沥青路面作为lvr的替代方案进行了比较。通过简化的生命周期分析,环境影响分析表明,冷再生替代方案产生的影响通常比传统路面少50%。就全球变暖而言,热混合沥青路面产生的排放量是冷再生沥青路面的三倍。造成这些差异的最重要因素是RAP替代方案的现场施工技术,以及智利的情况,到热混合沥青厂的距离很远。
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引用次数: 2
Net zero carbon dioxide emissions in flood defence schemes 防洪计划的二氧化碳净零排放
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00099
Laurence D. Cload
This paper compares the carbon dioxide emissions of constructing flood protection schemes to the emissions saved by providing flood defences. There is considerable information available on the carbon dioxide ‘cost’ of construction, but less on repairing flooded properties. Drawing on existing research into flooding, this paper identifies a carbon dioxide cost of repairs of 6 tCO2e per property flooded, and uses this to provide a method to determine emissions benefit for constructing flood protection schemes. While emissions reduction should be the first priority, flood defences defend against future emissions. Using Stonehaven in the UK as a case study, this paper demonstrates that the carbon dioxide cost of constructing a flood protection scheme can be less than the carbon dioxide cost of undertaking repairs following flooding over the life of a scheme, with a benefit ratio of 2 identified for the case study scheme. The paper concludes with a review of the UK government appraisal process, and cautions that the carbon dioxide cost produced by a flood protection scheme may not differentiate an option when compared to capital cost. It is considered that an independent assessment should be undertaken to demonstrate a net zero emissions option is selected.
本文将建设防洪方案的二氧化碳排放量与提供防洪设施所节省的排放量进行了比较。关于建筑的二氧化碳“成本”有相当多的信息,但关于修复被淹房屋的信息却很少。根据对洪水的现有研究,本文确定了每栋被洪水淹没的房屋的修复二氧化碳成本为6亿吨二氧化碳当量,并利用这一成本提供了一种确定建设洪水保护方案的排放效益的方法。虽然减排应该是首要任务,但防洪系统可以防止未来的排放。本文以英国的斯通黑文(Stonehaven)作为案例研究,证明了在方案的整个生命周期内,建设防洪方案的二氧化碳成本可以低于在洪水后进行维修的二氧化碳成本,并确定了案例研究方案的效益比为2。这篇论文最后回顾了英国政府的评估过程,并警告说,与资本成本相比,洪水保护计划产生的二氧化碳成本可能无法区分一个选择。委员会认为,应进行独立评估,以证明选择了净零排放方案。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the impact of uncertainty events on the cost of highway construction project using Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System 基于自适应网络的模糊推理系统评估不确定性事件对公路建设项目成本的影响
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00061
A. Moghayedi
This research examines the uncertainty events encountered in the process of constructing highways and evaluates their impact on South African highway construction costs. The rationale for this examination stems from the scholarly view that the costs of highway construction projects are underestimated due to the lack of appropriate evaluation of the impact of uncertainty events encountered in the construction process of highway projects. To counteract such underestimation, this research has developed an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as a simple advanced machine learning technique to assess the impact of uncertainty events involved in the construction of linear infrastructure projects. To validate the ANFIS model, the Stepwise Regression models (SRA) and Fuzzy Bayesian Network (FBN) have been designed, and their results are compared with the outputs of the ANFIS. The prediction performance comparison proved that the ANFIS has a higher performance than SRA and FBN with an accuracy degree of 99.15%, the margin of the error of 0.85% and excellent fitness (∼1) of the prediction model. Based on the result of the study, it can be deduced that the ANFIS model is a more accurate and reliable technique in assessing the impact of uncertainty events on the cost of the construction projects compared to the statistical and probabilistic models. Therefore, the study concludes that using hybrid intelligent machine learning techniques such as ANFIS not only minimises the time and difficulty of the estimation process but also reduces the potential inconsistency of correlation between variables in construction cost prediction. The model developed enables cost engineers to estimate the construction cost with a higher degree of accuracy.
本研究考察了公路建设过程中遇到的不确定性事件,并评估了它们对南非公路建设成本的影响。这种审查的基本原理源于学术观点,即由于缺乏对公路项目建设过程中遇到的不确定性事件的影响的适当评估,公路建设项目的成本被低估了。为了抵消这种低估,本研究开发了一种自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS),作为一种简单的先进机器学习技术,用于评估线性基础设施项目建设中涉及的不确定性事件的影响。为了验证ANFIS模型,设计了逐步回归模型(SRA)和模糊贝叶斯网络(FBN),并将其结果与ANFIS的输出结果进行了比较。预测性能比较表明,ANFIS的预测精度为99.15%,误差范围为0.85%,预测模型的拟合度(~ 1)优异,优于SRA和FBN。研究结果表明,与统计模型和概率模型相比,ANFIS模型在评估不确定性事件对建设项目成本的影响方面更为准确可靠。因此,该研究得出结论,使用混合智能机器学习技术(如ANFIS)不仅可以最大限度地减少估算过程的时间和难度,还可以减少建筑成本预测中变量之间相关性的潜在不一致。所建立的模型使造价工程师能够以更高的精度估算工程造价。
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引用次数: 0
Engineering Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) – examining the barriers to effective intervention 基于自然的工程解决方案(NBS) -检查有效干预的障碍
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00033
Ian Mell, S. Clement, Fearghus O’Sullivan
A growing body of research is examining how Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are offering planners, politicians and engineers options to promote respond to a wide range of biophysical and socio-economic problems. However, despite the increasing popularity of NBS, there is limited analysis available on how these ‘solutions’ align with urban problems, at what scale they are most effective, and what costs are associated with investment in urban nature. This paper analyses current approaches to urban sustainability via an examination of the EU Funded Horizon 2020- funded project, URBAN GreenUP, in Liverpool (UK) to deconstruct how rhetoric translates to practical applications of NBS interventions. It interrogates the interactions of projects, policies and political buy-in for NBS, and argues that an integrated understanding of scale, function, and location is needed to successfully address issues of urban climate change vulnerability. This is contextualised against the wider discussions of NBS associated with other EU-funded projects. It concludes that although investment in NBS offer a useful approach to development, they cannot overcome existing barriers to investment in environmental improvements without attention to the same barriers that have always existed. Moreover, the paper argues that the promotion of NBS as solutions to problems is only effective when the problems are transparently and collaboratively defined.
越来越多的研究机构正在研究基于自然的解决方案(NBS)如何为规划者、政治家和工程师提供选择,以促进对广泛的生物物理和社会经济问题的反应。然而,尽管国家统计局越来越受欢迎,但关于这些“解决方案”如何与城市问题相结合、在何种规模上它们最有效、以及与城市自然投资相关的成本等方面的分析有限。本文通过对欧盟资助的“地平线2020”(Horizon 2020)资助项目“城市绿化”(urban GreenUP)在英国利物浦的研究,分析了当前城市可持续发展的方法,以解构修辞如何转化为NBS干预措施的实际应用。本文探讨了国家统计局的项目、政策和政治支持之间的相互作用,并认为要成功解决城市气候变化脆弱性问题,需要对规模、功能和位置进行综合理解。这是在与其他欧盟资助项目有关的国家统计局更广泛讨论的背景下进行的。报告的结论是,尽管对国家统计局的投资为发展提供了一种有用的方法,但如果不注意一直存在的同样的障碍,它们就无法克服环境改善投资的现有障碍。此外,本文认为,只有当问题是透明和协作的定义时,促进国家统计局作为问题的解决方案才有效。
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引用次数: 2
Improved Grey Verhulst model with the constant term and its application to forecast energy demand 改进的常项灰色Verhulst模型及其在能源需求预测中的应用
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00085
Sevcan Demir Atalay, G. Calis, M. Adiyaman
The importance of accurate energy demand modeling has increased to support the decision-making of policy makers for ensuring a safe energy supply. However, forecasting energy demand has several difficulties due to the complexity in the supply line, demand increase, nonlinearity of data and volatility of energy usage. In this study, an improved Grey Verhulst model with the Constant Term (GVMCT), which is based on the Grey model, is introduced for improving the accuracy of energy demand prediction models. Within this context, total residential electricity demand of the U.S. and Turkey are modeled via linear and quadratic trend models as well as 3 grey models, including the proposed GVMCT model. The effectiveness of the models is assessed based on the Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, and Root-Mean Square Error. The results show that linear trend is the best performing model with a MAE of 34564.81844 for the U.S. data whereas the proposed GVMCT with a MAE of 4130.086917 outperforms all models for the data of Turkey.
准确的能源需求建模对于支持政策制定者确保安全能源供应的决策的重要性日益增加。然而,由于供给线的复杂性、需求的增加、数据的非线性和能源使用的波动性,能源需求预测存在一些困难。为了提高能源需求预测模型的准确性,本文在灰色模型的基础上,引入了一种改进的带有常数项的灰色Verhulst模型(GVMCT)。在此背景下,通过线性和二次趋势模型以及3个灰色模型对美国和土耳其的住宅总电力需求进行建模,其中包括提出的GVMCT模型。模型的有效性是基于平均绝对误差、均方误差和均方根误差来评估的。结果表明,对于美国数据,线性趋势是表现最好的模型,MAE为34564.81844,而对于土耳其数据,所提出的GVMCT模型的MAE为4130.086917,优于所有模型。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluating the sustainability of hotels using multi-criteria decision-making methods 用多标准决策方法评价酒店的可持续性
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1680/jensu.21.00084
Chia-Nan Wang, H. Nguyen
Sustainable tourism has become a global concern in recent years. An approach is proposed to evaluate the sustainability of hotels and to compare their real actions and promotions. Following a study of relevant literature, a set of criteria so-called ‘green hotels’ were proposed. Multi-criteria decision-making methods were then used, including the best-worst method to calculate the weights of all criteria, and the fuzzy technique-for-order-of-preference-by-similarity-to-ideal-solution method was then implemented to rank sustainability performance. The proposed model was applied to evaluate five hotels in Vietnam. The results showed that the criterion named ‘green policy and regulation’ played the most significant role in the sustainability practice of hotels. Sensitivity analysis was also applied to validate the research framework and eliminate the effects of bias. The proposed model is recommended for use in various other fields.
近年来,可持续旅游已成为全球关注的问题。提出了一种方法来评估酒店的可持续性,并比较他们的实际行动和促销活动。在对相关文献进行研究后,提出了一套所谓的“绿色酒店”标准。然后采用多准则决策方法,包括最佳-最差法来计算所有准则的权重,然后采用模糊技术-偏好顺序-相似-理想解决方案方法来对可持续发展绩效进行排名。提出的模型被应用于评估越南的五家酒店。结果表明,“绿色政策和法规”标准在酒店可持续发展实践中发挥了最重要的作用。敏感性分析也用于验证研究框架和消除偏倚的影响。所提出的模型被推荐用于其他各个领域。
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引用次数: 4
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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability
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