: Polar snow and its accumulation preserve valuable information derived from the atmosphere on past climate and environmental changes in high resolution, particularly in coastal sites. A 2.5-m snow-pit was excavated from the coastal ice rise (Moore Dome) near Amundsen Sea region in February 2012. This study evaluated the isotopic and chemical compositions in the snow-pit and compared them with meteorological variables. Based on the seasonal peaks of the MSA and nssSO 42– together with 18 O, D, and d-excess, the snow-pit record was corresponded to accumulation during austral winter 2011 to summer 2011/2012. The annual mean accumulation rate was assumed thus to be as large as or even higher than 1.03 m w.e. yr –1 at this site. A relatively warm winter temperature in 2011 was traceable in the variations of 18 O, D, and d-excess. This study emphasizes the importance of the high snow accumulation observed at this site in providing valuable information on sub-annual variations in climate and environmental changes through the study of longer ice cores.
{"title":"High snow accumulation on Amundsen Sea coastal ice rise, West Antarctica","authors":"West Antarctica","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.145440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.145440","url":null,"abstract":": Polar snow and its accumulation preserve valuable information derived from the atmosphere on past climate and environmental changes in high resolution, particularly in coastal sites. A 2.5-m snow-pit was excavated from the coastal ice rise (Moore Dome) near Amundsen Sea region in February 2012. This study evaluated the isotopic and chemical compositions in the snow-pit and compared them with meteorological variables. Based on the seasonal peaks of the MSA and nssSO 42– together with 18 O, D, and d-excess, the snow-pit record was corresponded to accumulation during austral winter 2011 to summer 2011/2012. The annual mean accumulation rate was assumed thus to be as large as or even higher than 1.03 m w.e. yr –1 at this site. A relatively warm winter temperature in 2011 was traceable in the variations of 18 O, D, and d-excess. This study emphasizes the importance of the high snow accumulation observed at this site in providing valuable information on sub-annual variations in climate and environmental changes through the study of longer ice cores.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48558717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Studies on the surface-active agents added during the cultivation process proved their effect on the synthesized bioproducts. The biosynthesis and accumulation of exopolysaccharide and biomass by Antarctic producer Cryptococcus laurentii AL 65 were studied in submerged cultivation using different carbon sources in the culture medium added to a one-percent concentration (pentoses, hexoses and oligosaccharides
：对培养过程中添加的表面活性剂的研究证明了它们对合成的生物产品的影响。研究了南极生产商Cryptococcus laurentii AL 65在浸没培养中使用添加到1%浓度的培养基中的不同碳源（戊糖、己糖和低聚糖）对胞外多糖和生物量的生物合成和积累
{"title":"Effect of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) on exopolysaccharide and biomass composition of psycchrophilic yeast","authors":"S. Rusinova-Videva","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.145437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.145437","url":null,"abstract":": Studies on the surface-active agents added during the cultivation process proved their effect on the synthesized bioproducts. The biosynthesis and accumulation of exopolysaccharide and biomass by Antarctic producer Cryptococcus laurentii AL 65 were studied in submerged cultivation using different carbon sources in the culture medium added to a one-percent concentration (pentoses, hexoses and oligosaccharides","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41624800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The objective of this work is to demonstrate the results of hydrogeochmical studies carried out in the Steinvik River catchment for the first time, in order to provide detailed information regarding the chemical composition of groundwater in the Hornsund region, SW Spitsbergen. The water chemistry in the non-glaciated Steinvik River catchment is largely controlled by hydrological processes related to thaw of the near surface permafrost. Groundwater runoff is generated from the fast flow through well-permeable active layer. Recharge from melting snow, permafrost and rain, together with short residence time of groundwater, favors the forming of low-mineralized water, reaching 41 and 50 µS/cm for surface and groundwater, respectively, with the dominance of HCO 3− , Cl − , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and Na + ions. In some water samples, increased concentrations of aluminum (up to 268 µg/L ) were found. The highest concentrations of phosphate, nitrite and ammonium in water seem to be related to the presence of bird colonies. Groundwater of active layer in the studied catchment belongs to young meteoric water with the age limited to one summer season.
{"title":"Forming of water chemistry in active layer, Steinvik River catchment, SW Spitsbergen","authors":"M. Rysiukiewicz, Henryk Marszałek, M. Wąsik","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143313","url":null,"abstract":": The objective of this work is to demonstrate the results of hydrogeochmical studies carried out in the Steinvik River catchment for the first time, in order to provide detailed information regarding the chemical composition of groundwater in the Hornsund region, SW Spitsbergen. The water chemistry in the non-glaciated Steinvik River catchment is largely controlled by hydrological processes related to thaw of the near surface permafrost. Groundwater runoff is generated from the fast flow through well-permeable active layer. Recharge from melting snow, permafrost and rain, together with short residence time of groundwater, favors the forming of low-mineralized water, reaching 41 and 50 µS/cm for surface and groundwater, respectively, with the dominance of HCO 3− , Cl − , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and Na + ions. In some water samples, increased concentrations of aluminum (up to 268 µg/L ) were found. The highest concentrations of phosphate, nitrite and ammonium in water seem to be related to the presence of bird colonies. Groundwater of active layer in the studied catchment belongs to young meteoric water with the age limited to one summer season.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47537816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: An analysis of a suite of climatological indices was undertaken on the basis of long-term (1979–2019) climatological data from the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen. It was followed by an attempt to assess the scale of their impact on the local environment. The temperature and precipitation indices were based on percentiles of the variables calculated for a population of daily values from the climate normals for 1981– 2010. A greater share of both cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations from the S and SW sectors, forcing the advection of warm air masses from the south, was decisive for the trends of change in comparison with the long-term mean. Both extreme precipitation and drought events depend on the 500 hPa geopotential height and precipitable water anomalies, determined by the baric field over the North Atlantic. Climate changes impact on the dynamics of local geoecosystems by causing faster glacier ablation and retreat, permafrost degradation, intensification of the hydrological cycle in glaciated and unglaciated catchments, and changes in the condition and growth of tundra vegetation.
{"title":"Climate indices of environmental change in the High Arctic: Study from Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen, 1979–2019","authors":"Krzysztof Migała, Elżbieta Łepkowska, M. Osuch, Ł. Stachnik, T. Wawrzyniak, D. Ignatiuk, Piotr Owczarek","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143316","url":null,"abstract":": An analysis of a suite of climatological indices was undertaken on the basis of long-term (1979–2019) climatological data from the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen. It was followed by an attempt to assess the scale of their impact on the local environment. The temperature and precipitation indices were based on percentiles of the variables calculated for a population of daily values from the climate normals for 1981– 2010. A greater share of both cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations from the S and SW sectors, forcing the advection of warm air masses from the south, was decisive for the trends of change in comparison with the long-term mean. Both extreme precipitation and drought events depend on the 500 hPa geopotential height and precipitable water anomalies, determined by the baric field over the North Atlantic. Climate changes impact on the dynamics of local geoecosystems by causing faster glacier ablation and retreat, permafrost degradation, intensification of the hydrological cycle in glaciated and unglaciated catchments, and changes in the condition and growth of tundra vegetation.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46279655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This paper presents the permeability of the permafrost active layer determined in the Brattegg River catchment (SW Spitsbergen) for the 6-years interval of 2005–2010. The field permeability measurements technique of weathered rocks on various geomorphological forms allows to assess the value of their hydraulic conductivity ( k ). High variability of k values, ranging from 6.37 10 −9 to 4.0 10 −3 m s −1 , indicates the permeability of rocks from very low in clay to very high in gravel-rock rubble. Among the geomorphological forms, the best permeability was observed in boulder covers and rock debris, and the lowest one in patterned ground. The obtained results were used to determine the groundwater runoff ( q tot ), assuming the unit thickness of the active layer aquifer. The q tot value from the Brattegg River catchment was calculated at 130 L s −1 , which is from 15% to 47% of the average surface runoff.
：本文介绍了2005年至2010年6年期间Brattegg河流域（斯匹次卑尔根西南部）确定的永久冻土活动层的渗透率。各种地貌形式的风化岩石的现场渗透率测量技术可以评估其导水率（k）的值。k值的高变异性，范围从6.37 10−9到4.0 10−3 m s−1，表明岩石的渗透率从粘土中的非常低到砾石碎石中的非常高。在地貌形态中，透水性最好的是漂石覆盖层和岩屑，最低的是花纹地面。所获得的结果用于确定地下水径流（q tot），假设活动层含水层的单位厚度。Brattegg河流域的q tot值计算为130 L s−1，占平均地表径流的15%至47%。
{"title":"Permeability of active layer sediments and groundwater runoff in Brattegg River catchment, SW Spitsbergen","authors":"M. Wąsik, Henryk Marszałek, M. Rysiukiewicz","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143315","url":null,"abstract":": This paper presents the permeability of the permafrost active layer determined in the Brattegg River catchment (SW Spitsbergen) for the 6-years interval of 2005–2010. The field permeability measurements technique of weathered rocks on various geomorphological forms allows to assess the value of their hydraulic conductivity ( k ). High variability of k values, ranging from 6.37 10 −9 to 4.0 10 −3 m s −1 , indicates the permeability of rocks from very low in clay to very high in gravel-rock rubble. Among the geomorphological forms, the best permeability was observed in boulder covers and rock debris, and the lowest one in patterned ground. The obtained results were used to determine the groundwater runoff ( q tot ), assuming the unit thickness of the active layer aquifer. The q tot value from the Brattegg River catchment was calculated at 130 L s −1 , which is from 15% to 47% of the average surface runoff.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Studying the reaction of glaciers to climate warming and the interactions of ice masses with the atmosphere is cognitively highly significant and contributes to understanding the climate change. The results from the modelling of glacier surface ablation by the temperature–index and energy balance models as well as the results of meteorological and glaciological studies on Werenskioldbreen (south Spitsbergen, Svalbard) in 2011 have been analysed to improve the understanding of the glacier system’s functioning in the High Arctic. The energy balance modelling results showed that the radiation balance (58%) and sensible heat (42%) are the main factors influencing surface ablation on the glacier. The energy balance model offers a better fit to the measured ablation than the temperature–index model. These models have to be validated and calibrated with data from automatic weather stations, which provide the relevant gradient and calibration and validation. Presented models are highly suited for calculating ablation in Svalbard and other areas of the Arctic.
{"title":"Energy mass balance and temperature-index melt modelling of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard","authors":"Dariusz Ignatiuk","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143314","url":null,"abstract":": Studying the reaction of glaciers to climate warming and the interactions of ice masses with the atmosphere is cognitively highly significant and contributes to understanding the climate change. The results from the modelling of glacier surface ablation by the temperature–index and energy balance models as well as the results of meteorological and glaciological studies on Werenskioldbreen (south Spitsbergen, Svalbard) in 2011 have been analysed to improve the understanding of the glacier system’s functioning in the High Arctic. The energy balance modelling results showed that the radiation balance (58%) and sensible heat (42%) are the main factors influencing surface ablation on the glacier. The energy balance model offers a better fit to the measured ablation than the temperature–index model. These models have to be validated and calibrated with data from automatic weather stations, which provide the relevant gradient and calibration and validation. Presented models are highly suited for calculating ablation in Svalbard and other areas of the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47523141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2023.144542
{"title":"Contemporary landscape transformation in a small Arctic catchment (Bratteggdalen, Svalbard)","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.144542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.144542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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