Polish Journal of Pathology最新文献

SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumours exhibit undifferentiated and rhabdoid features. These highly aggressive neoplasms pose significant diagnostic challenges. They are characterised by an inactivating mutation of SMARCA4, leading to the loss of expression of Brahma-related gene 1 ( BRG1 ). Despite their rareness and poor differentiation as thoracic tumours, it is important to recognise these tumours because, despite being highly aggressive, there are potential treatment options for the future, such as immunotherapy and SMARCA4-targeted therapies. This case presentation aims to raise awareness of this rare neoplasm when evaluating cases presenting undifferentiated morphology.

C-terminal tensin-like (Cten) is a marker for poorly differentiated breast cancer. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of Cten in invasive breast carcinoma in our population and correlated it with known histopathologic prognostic variables. Fifty-seven specimens of modified radical mastectomy diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma were collected. The histopathologic findings were noted independent of the result of Cten. According to the results of Cten immunohistochemistry, the tumors were categorized as negative/mild, moderate, or high expression and were statistically corelated with histologic findings. In our study, 47 (82.5%) cases showed negative/mild expression, 2 (3.5%) cases showed moderate staining, and 8 (14%) cases showed strong expression of Cten. Positive Cten was present in pT4 stage tumors. Similarly, grade III tumor showed moderate expression in 2 (3.5%) cases and strong staining in 8 (14%) cases. Posi-tive expression of Cten was observed in cases with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and high axillary lymph nodal involvement (N3). All these poor prognostic factors were significantly associated with moderate to high expression of Cten. We found that tumor size and extent, histologic grade, LVI, and lymph node status were significantly associated with Cten expression. C-terminal tensin-like can be used as marker of poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.

This study evaluated the difference of ARID1A protein immunoexpression between responders and non-responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancers. The biopsies before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and resection materials after me-sorectal excision were re-examined for conventional prognostic parameters, tumour re-gression score was determined, and survival data were evaluated. All parameters were statistically compared. Of the 117 cases, most (93%) were adenocarcinoma, 88% were moderately differentiat-ed and no response was seen in 28%. Before neoadjuvant therapy, low nuclear expression of ARID1A was noted in 49 (41.9%), while high expression was observed in 68 cases (58.1%). After neoadjuvant therapy, low expression was observed in 12 (10.7%) cases, while high expression was seen in 90 cases (80.3%). After neoadjuvant therapy a statis-tically lower ARID1A expression was noted in the absence of distant organ metastasis (p = 0.033). No statistically significant relationship was observed between ARID1A expression and overall survival or progression-free survival. ARID1A expression before neoadjuvant treatment had no statistically significant effect on response to neoadjuvant treatment and was not significantly associated with survival. More patients had significantly higher ARID1A expression in the post-treatment period than the pretreatment period. This may suggest that tumour cells with low ARID1A expression are more sensitive to neoadjuvant therapy.

Dermatofibroma (DF), also known as fibrous histiocytoma, is one of the most common cutaneous soft-tissue lesions, accounting for approximately 3% of skin lesion specimens received by dermatopathology laboratories. Dermatofibroma is a benign growth of oval cells in the dermis which resemble histiocytes and spindle cells that resemble fibroblasts. Clinically, DF can present as solitary, firm nodules to multiple papules with a relatively smooth surface. The aim of our study is to emphasize the crucial role of histopathology, which is the gold standard for diagnosis in suspicious and difficult cases, and sometimes requires the use of additional immunohistochemical staining.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous molecular basis. Telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) gene promoter mutations have been implicated in various cancer types. We aimed to investigate the status of TERT promoter region mutations in NSCLCs and determine associations of clinicopathological connections, driver mutations, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and overall survival (OS) in the Turkish population. The study included 186 patients diagnosed with NSCLC at a tertiary care center pathology department between 2017 and 2022. TERT promoter mutations were present in 2.7% and associated with old age ( p = 0.015). The levels of PD-L1 expression were higher in TERT mutants ( p = 0.016). TERT mutants had shorter median OS than wild types ( p = 0.006) and TERT mutation was an independent risk factor ( p = 0.004). TERT and EGFR mutations may co-occur and be associated with shorter median OS in patients who continue to receive EGFR treatment ( p < 0.001). TERT promoter mutations were associated with high PD-L1 expression and adverse prognosis in NSCLC. In addition, they may play a major role in patients' poor clinical outcomes during EGFR therapy. In conclusion, TERT may be a significant parameter for future follow-up and treatment selection of NSCLC.

The pathologist Simon Samuel, one of the pioneers in the field of the autonomic nervous system during the 19 th century, contributed significantly to the understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammation. The remarkable advances in that field around the mid-19 th century fundamentally influenced future research of the last 170 years. In fact these findings are still connected with many novel studies on pathology today. Albert Eulenburg (1840-1917) is another scientist who contributed to the former advances in the autonomic nervous system and who closely cooperated with Samuel. Both scientists published articles and reviews in the German journal Schmidt's yearbooks edited by J. A. Winter (1816-1901). It is remarkable that Johann Ignaz Hoppe (1811-1891), an even earlier pioneer of the autonomic nervous system, also wrote articles for the same journal and obviously had influenced Samuel. Although regulations discriminating Jewish academics existed in Prussia (and later in the German Empire) until approximately 1888, Samuel was finally made assistant professor (außerordentlicher Professor) at Königsberg University (today Kaliningrad/Russian Federation) in 1874. An embarrassingly low position compared to the significance of his scientific contributions and to the implications of his work on future generations.

This study aims to elucidate the role and molecular mechanism of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in LPS-induced inflammatory injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro model. The expression of miR-21 was quantified using RT-qPCR, while protein levels were assessed via Western blot analysis. The impact of miR-21 on inflamma-tory response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in LPS-treated H9c2 cells was evalu-ated using ELISA, CCK-8/EdU assays, and flow cytometry. TargetScan predictions and dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify potential miR-21 tar-gets. The regulatory effects of miR-21 on inflammation, proliferation, and apop-tosis in cells were further examined following transfection with phospholipase D1 (PLD1) overexpression constructs or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. The expression levels of miR-21, PLD1, and p-STAT3 were significantly elevated in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Knockdown of miR-21 markedly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response, enhanced cell proliferation, and reduced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. PLD1 and STAT3 were confirmed as direct targets of miR-21. Overexpression of PLD1 or activation of STAT3 significantly reversed the protective effects of miR-21 downregulation in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Downregu-lation of miR-21 protects cardiomyocytes against LPS-induced inflammatory injury and apoptosis by inhibiting PLD1 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation.

Splenic rupture is a critical surgical condition that poses an immediate threat to the patient's life. In most cases, mechanical trauma to the organ results in the rupture of the capsule, leading to hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity. Spontaneous (pathological) spleen rupture (SPSR) is considered when the etiology of the rupture is non-traumatic. Spontaneous (pathological) spleen rupture is most commonly associated with hematological malignancies, though it remains a rare condition. Only 8 cases have been caused by mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This review presents the case of a 59-year-old male patient who was treated with emergency splenectomy due to SPSR. Histopathological examination revealed MCL.

Invasive breast papillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer histologically characterized by infiltrative papillary growth without visible surrounding fibrous capsule. Here, we report the case of an invasive papillary carcinoma in which invasive papillary fronds were surrounded by abundant mucinous stroma, an occurrence that has not been described so far in this type of breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. At the cell of origin level, cancer stem cells (CSC) are the tumour initiators in breast cancer. SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX-2) is a CSC marker that plays a role in tumourigenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of SOX-2 expression with histopathological parameters and clinical outcomes in TNBC patients. The study included 95 TNBC cases. An in vitro diagnostic SOX-2 antibody was applied to the tumoural slides in a validated automated stainer. The expression of SOX-2 was defined as a SOX-2 H-score ≥ 1. The expression of SOX-2 was observed in 29 cases (30.5%). At a median follow-up of 76 months, SOX-2 expression was not associated with overall or disease-free survival. R-based statistical analysis determined a SOX-2 H-score cut-off of 2. Although the overall and disease-free survival rates of cases with an H-score ≥ 3 were lower than the others, the differences were not statistically significant. The percentage of SOX-2 staining is typically low, as only 1% of tumour cells exhibit CSC characteristics. In conclusion, the prognostic significance of SOX-2 could become clear in a larger group of TNBC patients using standardized methodologies.