Polish Journal of Pathology最新文献

The education curriculum of the faculty of dentistry includes both general pathol-ogy and oral pathology courses. In our planned study, we aimed to determine the needs of dentists who graduated from the faculty of dentistry and received special-isation training for pathology information in their active professional lives and the importance of pathology education according to their fields of specialisation. Survey questions: Applications were made to 115 dentists who graduated from the faculty of dentistry, received specialist training, and worked in the clinic. While the benefit of pathology training in the dentist's professional life was oral and maxillofacial surgery, it was followed by periodontology, radiology, and oral diagnosis specialties. They also stated that they sent samples and evaluated reports in the fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontology, radiology, and oral diagnosis. In our study, the areas where specialist physicians benefit from pathology training in the clinic are those where the subjects overlap more with the sections in the training curriculum. It is necessary to provide adequate training in basic medical sciences to train dentists as physicians who do not perceive the patient only in terms of mouth and teeth, but can evaluate the patient as a whole and provide the right guidance at the right time. Integration should be ensured between basic sciences, dentistry, and clinical sciences. For pathology education to be permanent and useful, a curriculum should be designed with innovative teaching methods that are department-specific and practice-based, appropriate to the needs of the clinic. Dentistry graduates can improve patient outcomes and enhance their personal de-velopment by deepening their understanding of pathology education.

The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical and pathological characteristics as well as the molecular pathogenesis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) transforming into small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We investigated 14 patients with advanced NSCLC that transformed into SCLC. Whole genome sequencing (WES) was applied to analyse 14 tumour specimens (including NSCLC and SCLC specimens from each patient) from 7 patients to detect genetic predictive factors for small-cell transformation. The clinicopatho-logical characteristics of these 14 patients were collected and analysed. In addition, a detailed literature review was conducted to identify similar cases of transforma-tion from NSCLC to SCLC. Fourteen cases were included. The basic condition of patients who had undergone the transformation was found to be similar to those individuals without any trans-formation. After SCLC transformation, the mutation spectrum changed: C>T de-creased and C>A increased. In comparison to the initial NSCLC, the copy number variants (CNV) burden in the transformed SCLC increased considerably in a subset of patients. Clonal evolution analysis revealed intriguing connections and notable differences between the genetic clones of the initial NSCLC and the transformed SCLC. It was found that the process of transformation took a longer time in fe-males compared to males. Furthermore, it was observed that the transformation time for LADC was longer compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Addition-ally, the analysis revealed that after completion of the transformation, the OS time for males was found to be longer than that for females. Secondary biopsy is a crucial step in assessing the genetic and histological alter-ations that occur after a patient develops resistance to their initial treatment. This procedure is vital not only for individuals who have been treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors but also for those who have undergone chemotherapy or immuno-therapy. One interesting finding is that the mutation rate of p53 and RB1 in trans-formed SCLC is lower compared to de novo SCLC. Specifically, there is a decrease in the C > T mutation and an increase in the C > A mutation following transforma-tion. Moreover, the transformed SCLC appears to originate from the major clones of the initial NSCLC.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by protozoans transmitted by sandflies. Immu-nosuppression is a risk factor for developing leishmaniasis in patients treated with TNF inhibitors for autoimmune diseases. A 65-year-old man with a 14-year histo-ry of psoriatic arthritis in treatment with methotrexate, treated with golimumab during the last 2.5 years, presented ulcerations of the buttocks and upper back. Histopathological findings allowed us to yield the diagnosis of cutaneous leishman-iasis. Therapy was suspended and the patient underwent appropriate treatment. Five cases of leishmaniasis in patients treated with golimumab were reported in literature and ten cases were mentioned in retrospective reviews.

This case report describes a rare and challenging glioblastoma variant with a bi-phasic morphology comprising both giant cell and primitive neuronal components. The tumour exhibited aggressive features and was difficult to diagnose during the intraoperative evaluation due to the predominance of small blue cell morphology, which complicated differentiation from haematological and metastatic lesions. Im-munohistochemistry and molecular profiling confirmed a glioblastoma, IDH-wild-type, with combined giant cell and primitive neuronal features, and the p53 muta-tion in both components is a novel finding with potential implications for diagnosis and treatment. This report emphasises the importance of recognising morpholog-ical diversity in glioblastoma to avoid misdiagnosis and enable appropriate clinical management.

Determining the status of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is crucial for patients because they may respond differently to specific treatments and have a better prognosis. We proposed a panel with only 2 antibodies to determine the status of the MMR proteins, improving costs, workload, and delivery of results. Patients with adenocarcinoma and MMR determination were reclassified using only the evaluation of PMS2 and MSH6. The diagnostic performance of the 2-antibody test (proposed panel) and 4-antibody (traditional panel) test was compared against the polymerase chain reaction study (reference standard). A total of 202 cases were identified. The predominant histological type was adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, the predominant histological grade was 2, and 60.9% of the cases were found in clinical stage II. When comparing the diagnostic performance of the traditional panel of 4 antibodies against a panel of 2 antibodies, no statistically significant differences were found (sensitivity 95.35% vs. 90.7%; specificity 98.74% vs. 98.11%; positive predictive value 95.35% vs. 92.86%; negative predictive value 98.74% vs. 97.50%; area under the curve 0.970 vs. 0.944; p = 0.419).Analysis of MMR status determination with only 2 antibodies demonstrates that it is as effective as using 4 antibodies.

We present a case involving a 70-year-old Latina woman who experienced a sud-den onset of lightheadedness, diplopia, vertigo, and loss of balance. Imaging studies revealed a right thalamic intracerebral haemorrhage that obstructed the velum interpositum. Following unsuccessful embolisation, the thalamic region was surgically resected. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the resected brain tissue demonstrated abnormal blood vessels permeating through excessively cellular brain parenchyma, raising significant concern for a glial neoplasm. This case also illustrates a rare occurrence of an arteriovenous malformation within the velum interpositum, which, when acutely filled with blood, can expand the cavum and clinically present as a sudden onset of headache and vertigo.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine cancer type that predominantly impacts sun-exposed skin areas in the elderly, particularly the head and neck (41-50%), followed by the limbs (32-38%). There is likely an association between MCC and other cutaneous malignancies, such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), Bowen's disease, and basal cell carcinoma. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the most common concurrent tumor with MCC, especially in sun-exposed regions of the skin. Herein, we present a case of coexistence of MCC and CSCC in the craniofacial region, accompanied by an extensive review of relevant literature on this topic.

This study determined novel metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers for ulcer-ative colitis (UC) and assessed their correlation with immune cell infiltration levels. Transcriptome data of UC was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, metabolism-related genes were summarised from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database. A total of 537 metabolism-related differen-tially expressed genes (DEGs) in UC were applied to functional enrichment analy-sis. We processed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regres-sion analysis and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). We obtained 6 potential metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers (CHST13, ETNK1, LPCAT1, PDE6A, PLA2G2A, and UGT2A3). Expression patterns and diagnostic ROC curves were depicted in both the training and testing co-horts to verify their diagnostic value. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that UC samples have more abundant infiltration levels of immune cells. Fur-thermore, the upregulated diagnostic biomarkers significantly positively cor-related with B cell memory, T cell CD4 memory activated, dendritic cells ac-tivated, etc., while the downregulated ones mainly significantly positively correlated with mast cells resting, NK cells activated, and macrophages M2. Our study primarily identified 6 metabolism regulators (CHST13, ETNK1, LP-CAT1, PDE6A, PLA2G2A, and UGT2A3) as potential diagnostic biomarkers for UC and determined their correlation with immune infiltration.

The presented work focuses on hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) in colorectal cancer (CRC). The HIF-1a protein shows increased expression due to hypoxia, resulting in up-regulation of CA IX, which is involved in the survival of hypoxic cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment, with overexpression in various types of carcinomas. HIF-1a and CA IX immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 111 CRC samples. The primary goal was to determine the correlation of expression of proteins with clinical-morphological parameters and mutual correlation of the proteins in question. The HIF-1a expression was detected in 72.1% of CRC samples with exclusive nuclear localisation. The immunoreaction intensity was predominantly strong. Carbonic anhydrase IX protein was expressed in 75.7% of cases. The membrane positivity and strong immunoreaction intensity were mainly noticed. No statistically significant correlation between the expression of studied proteins and clinical-morphological parameters was confirmed. However, the results proved a statistically significant correlation in mutual co-localisation of given proteins. Despite contradictory scientific data, our findings suggest a mutual correlation between HIF-1a and CA IX in CRC. The presented hypothesis that their overexpression may represent a potential new therapeutic target in colorectal carcinogenesis might unveil novel strategies in disease development.

To study the clinicopathological features of malignant transformation of the epithelial component of a Warthin tumour into adenocarcinoma. The histological and immunophenotypic features of the malignant transformation of the epithelial component of a Warthin tumour into adenocarcinoma were studied, and the literature was reviewed. The patient had a history of surgery for a Warthin tumour 3 years previously, and the typical histological manifestations of a Warthin tumour were observed under the microscope following biopsy. Scattered tumour tissue infiltration was observed in the lymphatic interstitium, and a transitional area of benign and malignant epithelial cells was observed locally. The tumour cells were solid, nested, and glandular and grew infiltratively in the salivary gland tissue. There was diffuse positive staining for CK7 and CK19 in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. CK5/6 was positively expressed in the cytoplasm of basal cells in the tumour tissue, and P63 was positively expressed in the basal cell nuclei. Ki-67 positivity reached approximately 10% in tumour tissues. The MAML2 fracture probe result was negative. The final diagnosis was malignant transformation of a Warthin tumour, with malignant transformation of epithelial components into adenocarcinoma. Malignant transformation of a Warthin tumour is rare, and the intraoperative histopathological diagnosis based on frozen sectioning should be made with caution. The key to diagnosis is to determine whether there is migration between benign and malignant epithelium.