Polish Journal of Pathology最新文献

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumour that commonly occurs in paediatric and adolescent patients. Currently, effective therapy for OS remains elusive due to poor patient survival rates. In this study, we observed significantly elevated expressions of circTUBA1C in OS tumours and cells. Silencing circTUBA1C effectively suppressed proliferation and glucose metabolism, and promoted apoptosis of OS cells. Furthermore, we discovered that miR-143-3p played a reverse role to circTUBA1C in OS cells. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA pull-down assay, and luciferase assay demonstrated that circTUBA1C acted as a sponge for miR-143-3p, blocking its expression in OS cells. Finally, rescue experiments showed that inhibition of miR-143-3p in circTUBA1C-silenced OS cells significantly overrode the low-circTUBA1C-mediated miR-143-3p upregulation and OS cell progression in vitro and in vivo . Our results demonstrate the critical roles and molecular targets of circTUBA1C in modulating OS progression, suggesting that circTUBA1C inhibition could serve as a new therapeutic strategy for treating OS.

The role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in oral cancer is widely accepted. Yet, the existence of CSC in dysplastic tissue and the molecular pathways of progression from dysplasia to malignancy remain to be explored. Our retrospective study aimed to analyze the presence of CSC in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) concerning two epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers: Snail and E-cadherin. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), OSCC, and oral epithelial hyperplasia (OEH) were used. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-qPCR detected the expression of Snail and CD133, whereas CD44 and E-cadherin were evaluated solely immunohistochemically. OSCC cases showed significantly higher CD133 immunoreactivity and inflammation scores and significantly decreased E-cadherin expression compared to OED and OEH groups. Snail mRNA up-regulation was seen in 100% of the OSCC cases followed by 85% for OED cases and 82.5% OEH cases among those that displayed positive mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. The Snail upregulation in all OSCC cases proves that Snail plays a significant role in oral cancer. Our results also suggest that CD133 and E-cadherin may be potential diagnostic markers in oral cancer progression.

There is growing evidence that the KDM5 family of histone demethylases plays a causal role in human cancer. However, few studies have been reported on the KDM5 family in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Moreover, it was found that there was some correlation between the KDM5 family and FOXO1 in EC. The current study was performed to explore the expressions of KDM5A, KDM5B, and FOXO1 in endometrioid adenocarcinoma detected by immunohistochemistry; paracancer endometrium, simple hyperplastic endometrium, and normal endometrium were used as control groups to explore the possible diagnostic value of KDM5A and KDM5B expression in endometrioid adenocarcinoma, with the aim of evaluating the potential of this marker in predicting the prognosis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells responsible for cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to treatment. OCT4 and c-MYC are widely accepted as CSC markers. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical co-expression of c-MYC and OCT4 with Ki-67 in colorectal cancers (CRC) and the relationship between the results and prognostic and therapeutic data. c-MYC, OCT4 and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining was applied to 162 colectomy cases. Nuclear staining was considered for immunohistochemical staining. Survival in the c-MYC H /OCT4 H subtype, which is one of the subtypes based on c-MYC and OCT4 co-expression, was different from the other subtypes and statistically significant. Although these markers are enriched in cancer stem cells, their specificity in identifying them is limited. CSCs become dormant in the cell cycle, which is one of the mechanisms of escape in drug resistance. We hypothesized that including Ki67 immunohistochemical staining in our study would increase the specificity in detecting CSCs. Our results show that the Ki67 L /c-MYC H /OCT4 H subgroup was associated with lower survival and resistance to treatment compared to the other subgroups. This finding may provide insight into cases with a high number of CSCs and guide targeted treatments.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits a poor 5-year survival rate. TNFRSF4 is gaining attention in tumor therapy. The objective of this study was to forecast the expression of TNFRSF4 in HNSCC tissue using analysis of pathological images and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. Transcriptome, clinical, and pathological data of HNSCC patients from the TCGA database were analyzed. Features were extracted with PyRadiomics for support vector machine model development. The evaluation of model performance was conducted using ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses. The correlation between pathomics score (PS), patient prognosis, and immune- related genes was assessed. TNFRSF4 expression was significantly higher in the tumor group and indepen-dently associated with HNSCC prognosis. Features were extracted to build a predictive model for TNFRSF4, which demonstrated strong performance. PS correlated positively with immune-related genes. This research highlights the potential of TNFRSF4 as a prognostic factor and demonstrates the utility of PS in relation to immune-related genes.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the ChatGPT-3.5 language model in providing correct answers to pathomorphology questions as required by the State Speciality Examination (PES). Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is generating increasing interest, but its potential needs thorough evaluation. A set of 119 exam questions by type and subtype were used, which were posed to the ChatGPT-3.5 model. Performance was analysed with regard to the success rate in different question categories and subtypes. ChatGPT-3.5 achieved a performance of 45.38%, which is significantly below the minimum PES pass threshold. The results achieved varied by question type and subtype, with better results in questions requiring "comprehension and critical thinking" than "memory". The analysis shows that, although ChatGPT-3.5 can be a useful teaching tool, its performance in providing correct answers to pathomorphology questions is significantly lower than that of human respondents. This conclusion highlights the need to further improve the AI model, taking into account the specificities of the medical field. Artificial intelligence can be helpful, but it cannot fully replace the experience and knowledge of specialists.

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. The aim of our study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL in retinoblastoma. Here, our data demonstrated that ANRIL overexpression inhibited miR-328-3p expression, but promoted expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1). Then we predicted the binding sites for ANRIL with miR-328-3p, and for miR-328 3p with TSC1/ULK2 3'-UTR, and confirmed the combination of miR-328-3p and ANRIL and TSC1/ULK2 3'-UTR. Importantly, the data showed that ANRIL overexpression promoted TSC1 and ULK2 expression, and inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR. Finally, our results indicated that ANRIL overexpression facilitated Y79 cell proliferation and cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our results indicated that ANRIL promoted the proliferation and cisplatin resistance of Y79 cells through activating autophagy by promoting TSC1/ULK2 ex- pression via acting as a miR-328-3p sponge.

The 5-10% of breast cancers (BC) are hereditary, and BRCA1/2 are causative in 25% of those inherited. It was aimed to examine the BRCA1/2 genotype-BC phenotype relationship. In 170 female patients with BC, BRCA1/2 genes were investigated using Next Generation Sequencing. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and correlations of pedigree analysis with BRCA1/2 mutation status were analysed. BRCA1/2 carriage was found to be 9.4%. When the patients were grouped as ≤ 40 and > 40 according to the age at diagnosis of BC, the tumour grade was higher in the ≤ 40 groups. In the study, BRCA1/2 carriage and tumour grade were higher in patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). The risk of TNBC was 5.560 times higher in BRCA1/2 carriers than in non-carriers. There is a significant relationship between BRCA1/2 carrier and BC hormone receptor negativity, tumour grade, and BC diagnosis age.

Pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) is a heterogeneous group of primary central nervous system malignancies which represent the most frequent brain tumors in children. Although diagnosis and treatment of PLGG have been improved recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and progression of PLGG remain elusive. Studies have revealed critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in brain tumor progressions. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA PVT1 in PLGG. Expression of PVT1 was significantly upregulated in PLGG tissues compared with normal brain tissues. Blocking PVT1 effectively suppressed the glucose metabolism of PLGG-derived cells. MicroRNA-187-3p was detected to be remarkedly downregulated in PLGG tissues. Moreover, miR-187-3p is negatively correlated with PVT1 in PLGG tissues. We identified PVT1 sponged miR-187-3p to block its expression in PLGG cells. This association was further verified by RNA pull-down and luciferase assay. Subsequently, rescue experiments validated that inhibition of miR-187-3p in PVT1-silenced PLGG cells successfully overcame the low-PVT1-induced miR-187-3p upregulation and glucose metabolism. In summary, this study reports critical roles and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA PVT1-accelarated glucose metabolism of PLGG cells.

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is a rare benign cutaneous entity. It classically presents as slowly progressive erythematous to violaceous papules on the distal extremities of middle-aged or elderly women. The entity may clinically resemble granuloma annulare, lichen planus, and several cutaneous vascular proliferations. Histologically, MCAH is characterized by vascular proliferation within the upper and mid-dermis, a mild perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, and charac-teristic bizarre-shaped multinucleate cells. To date, less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. We present five of the best examples diagnosed in our department to further elucidate this peculiar entity for pathological recognition.