BMC Chemistry最新文献

Eugenol, a beneficial nutraceuticals majorly (80–90%) found in clove, has diverse applications due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Clove is quickly engrossed by diverse organs to metabolize in the liver. To prevent premature absorption and improved activity, water solubility, encapsulation of eugenol is the best solution. Maceration and Soxhlet were performed using ethanol, methanol and water as a solvents. Extracted clove essential oil were successfully encapsulated in gelatin hydrogel. The Soxhlet extraction method had the highest yield (44 ± 0.023) as compared to maceration. Encapsulation efficiency of Clove essential oil in gelatin hydrogel was 84.65 ± 0.12%. Characterization of hydrogel was done using FTIR, SEM and XRD and inclusion of Clove essential oil in hydrogel was established. The radical scavenging activity of Clove essential oil loaded hydrogel enhanced by 57%. (17 ± 0.3) mm and (15 ± 0.2) mm the zone of inhibitions were expressed in terms of gram negative bacteria E. coli. and gram positive bacteria S. aureus. When Clove essential oil incorporated hydrogel was coated on apples via the methods like dipping, brushing, coating was able to enhance the shelf life of fruits as active food packaging material.

The goal of the current work was to create and validate a quick, sensitive, and environmentally friendly reverse-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” approach for the simultaneous measurement of rosuvastatin (ROS) and clopidogrel (CLOP) in their fixed-dose combination (FDC) capsules. Eight different greenness and whiteness tools, such as the analytical eco-scale (AES), chloroform toxicity (ChlorTox), the analytical GREEnness (AGREE), the modified green analytical procedure index (MoGAPI), the complex MoGAPI, the blue applicability grade index (BAGI), the carbon footprint reduction index (CaFRI), and the click analytical chemistry index (CACI) were utilized to evaluate the method's greenness and whiteness profiles. The suggested strategy was linear for both medications in the 25–1000 ng/band level. The method was proven to be reliable, sensitive, accurate, precise, and eco-friendly. The results of greenness and whiteness tools, such as AES (87), ChlorTox (0.86 g), AGREE (0.72), MoGAPI (85), complex MoGAPI (90), BAGI (77.5), CaFRI (89), and CACI (91) demonstrated that the current method had the unparalleled greenness and whiteness profiles. Using the proposed methodology, it was found that the assay of CLOP and ROS in FDC products A and B was ranged from 98.41 to 101.02%. These results confirm that the suggested approach is appropriate for concurrently analyzing ROS and CLOP. The work's findings showed that the suggested approach might be used to consistently analyze CLOP and ROS in commercial dosage forms.

A novel heterocyclic Schiff base ligand, {2,2′-((4-chloro-1,3-phenylene)-bis(oxy))bis-(N′-((E)-(1 H-benzo[1-3]-triazole-1-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide)}, was synthesized and coordinated with Co(II) and Zn(II) chlorides to yield two metal complexes. The ligand and complexes were analyzed using FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, which provided spectral shifts typical of coordination involving the imine nitrogen and amide carbonyl groups. DFT calculations (B3LYP/LanL2DZ) showed that complexation decreased the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO from 4.26 eV (free ligand) to 3.18 eV and 2.66 eV for Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes, respectively, showing increased chemical reactivity. Similarly, the electrophilicity index increased to 33.81 eV for the Zn complex and 40.97 eV for the Co complex, indicating increased electron-accepting ability and potential biological activity. Thermal decomposition of Zn and Co complexes yielded ZnO NPs (mean crystallite size 35.6 nm) and Co₃O₄ NPs (33.8 nm), as evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was found to show that ZnO NPs had the largest inhibition zones (up to 28 mm), followed by metal complexes [Zn(L)]Cl₂ and [Co(L)]Cl₂, whereas the free ligand had very poor activity (only inhibition zones of 11–13 mm).

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and microbial contamination correlated to the environmental pollution and ozone layer depletion caused serious health concerns. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions in functional textiles, particularly through nanoparticles with high surface energy, ionization capacity, and surface area. Herein, for the first time the exploitation of infra-red irradiation for controllable nucleation of PdNPs was investigated. This study is considered with the enhancement of UV protection and antimicrobial properties of viscose fabrics via infrared (IR)-assisted/in-situ self-clustering of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). PdNPs were synthesized within viscose matrix under varying conditions: two concentrations of PdCl₂ (100 and 200 mM), two pH levels (2.0 and 12.0), and before/after cationization using DADMAC. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed the deposition and elemental composition of nanoparticles. Particle size before cationization ranged from 7.8 ± 2.5 to 11.1 ± 2.5 nm, and 5.5 ± 1.7 to 2.4 ± 0.7 nm. Acidic media and DADMAC treatment is favored for smaller, spherical particles and better dispersion. After PdNPs modification, viscose showed very good – excellent UV-protection (UPF = 35.2–88.0). Excellent antimicrobial activity (microbial reduction = 90.5–94.3%) was obtained for modified viscose against different microbial pathogens. Multi-functional of viscose was prepared with good durability. The data demonstrate that, IR-assisted PdNPs functionalization is an effective and sustainable method for durable multi-performance viscose textiles.

The availability and supply of potable water remains elusive especially in low-income economies with attendant life-threatening health risks. Moringa oleifera seed proteins have been reported to possess water purification activity; thus, there is a need to prepare the proteins in a useable, sustainable, and readily acceptable manner through nanotechnology. This work is aimed at developing, characterizing, and evaluating nanoemulsions loaded with proteins extracted from M. oleifera seeds for water purification. Various batches of nanoemulsions were formulated by spontaneous emulsification and their globule sizes, morphology, pH, viscosity, and protein encapsulation efficiency were determined. In vitro release of M. oleifera protein from the nanoemulsions and the stability profile of the formulations were investigated. Water quality parameters endorsed by the WHO including coagulation efficiency, pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity level, and total coliform number were estimated following treatment of water samples with the nanoemulsions. Formulation globules had nanometric size range (103–212 nm), were morphologically spherical, had pH range of 6.71–7.23, were a Newtonian system, recorded 90% protein encapsulation efficiency, had sustained release character, and had acceptable stability especially when stored at 27 °C. Protein-loaded nanoemulsions showed good coagulation activity with about 97% efficiency. Treated water recorded pH, temperature, alkalinity, and conductivity within acceptable limits, and contained very low dissolved solids and total coliform count. In conclusion, the study highlighted the efficiency of nanoemulsions containing M. oleifera seed proteins as biocoagulants for water purification.

The global decline in fossil fuel availability and rising environmental concerns have intensified the search for sustainable alternative fuels, with biodiesel emerging as a promising option. This study investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a B20 biodiesel blend derived from Used Temple Oil Methyl Ester (UTOME) enhanced with cerium oxide (CeO₂) nano additives. Conducted at constant speed and varying engine loads, the experiments show that CeO₂ additives significantly enhance brake thermal efficiency (BTE), with the B20UTOME100CeO₂ blend achieving efficiency levels comparable to pure diesel. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreases as CeO₂ concentration increases, reflecting enhanced fuel efficiency, while higher cylinder pressure (CP) and net heat release (NER) signify improved combustion processes. Emission analysis reveals substantial reductions in hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), with the B20UTOME100CeO₂ blend demonstrating the lowest HC and NO_x emissions due to better fuel atomization, improved combustion efficiency, and lower peak combustion temperatures enabled by the CeO₂ nanoparticles. The B20UTOME100CeO₂ blend demonstrated enhanced performance at maximum load, exhibiting a 1.57% increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency, a 6.67% reduction in Specific Fuel Consumption, a 2.83% elevation in cylinder pressure, and a 5.95% greater heat release when compared to conventional diesel. Emissions analysis revealed a significant reduction in carbon monoxide by 66.67%, hydrocarbons by 13.51%, and nitrogen oxides by 0.20% relative to diesel. A gradient boosting regressor model was trained on experimental data comprising fish oil biodiesel blends with nanoparticle additives, utilizing Python libraries. The accuracy of the model is supported by a mean squared error of 0.7647 for HC emissions and R² scores of 0.9247 and 0.9882 for HC and NO_x emissions, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that B20UTOME with 100 ppm CeO₂ additives offers a viable alternative to diesel, providing improved thermal efficiency, enhanced combustion, and reduced harmful emissions. The marked reduction in toxic emissions, including CO, HC, and NO_x, carries significant biomedical relevance. These pollutants are known to induce respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders upon prolonged exposure. Therefore, implementing CeO₂-enhanced biodiesel blends offers a potential strategy for protecting public health by diminishing harmful exhaust emissions.

In the oil and gas industry, carbon steel is widely used but suffers from severe corrosion in acidic environments, particularly in the presence of CO₂ and H₂S. This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of a novel eco-friendly compound, 2,2′-(4,6-dihydroxyisophthaloyl) bis(N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (DICA), as an effective corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution. Structural characterization was confirmed through NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The corrosion inhibition performance was investigated using weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). DICA demonstrated outstanding inhibition efficiency, reaching 91.41% at 300 ppm concentration and 298 K, indicating a strong concentration-dependent protective effect. Surface morphology analysis by SEM and AFM revealed a significant reduction in steel surface roughness and corrosion damage due to DICA adsorption. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo simulations corroborated the mixed-mode adsorption mechanism involving both chemisorption and physisorption. These findings confirm the potential of DICA as a high-performance, environmentally benign inhibitor for protecting carbon steel in aggressive acidic media.