Samuel J. Peterson, K. Glade, Andrew W. Hafs, D. Guelda, R. Koch
Abstract - Dreissena polymorpha (Zebra Mussel) disrupt biological processes throughout aquatic ecosystems in which they are introduced, while simultaneously increasing benthic habitat complexity and food availability by forming druses on various substrates. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of infestation on benthic communities; however, because Zebra Mussels were already established within these systems, it is possible that results were influenced by ecosystem-wide changes in water clarity and suspended nutrient concentrations. In this study, we placed tiles with artificial Zebra Mussel druses in Lake Bemidji, which did not have a well-established Zebra Mussel population at that time, to investigate the effects of benthic habitat modification on macroinvertebrate communities and carbon accumulation. We used control (n = 0 druses) tiles as well as 3 treatment tiles—low (n = 247), medium (n = 428), or high (n = 610) number of individuals per tile—to examine how Zebra Mussel density affected macroinvertebrate communities and carbon accumulation. Macroinvertebrate abundance (ANOVA: P < 0.001) was higher on the treatments compared to the control tiles. However, macroinvertebrate density was highest on control tiles (one-way test: P = 0.002), and treatment did not influence overall community structure (NMDS: P = 0.111) or macroinvertebrate diversity (ANOVA: P = 0.630). Furthermore, organic matter ash-free dry mass (AFDM) density was highest on control tiles (one-way test: P = 0.021), while treatment did not influence invertebrate AFDM density (one-way test: P = 0.098). These results indicate that while macroinvertebrates are able to exploit the additional habitat provided by druses, biological processes such as water filtration, carbon transfer, and benthification facilitated by living Zebra Mussels were also likely crucial in restructuring benthic communities to the extent observed in previous studies.
{"title":"Effects of Artificial Zebra Mussel Druses on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Benthic Carbon Accumulation","authors":"Samuel J. Peterson, K. Glade, Andrew W. Hafs, D. Guelda, R. Koch","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Dreissena polymorpha (Zebra Mussel) disrupt biological processes throughout aquatic ecosystems in which they are introduced, while simultaneously increasing benthic habitat complexity and food availability by forming druses on various substrates. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of infestation on benthic communities; however, because Zebra Mussels were already established within these systems, it is possible that results were influenced by ecosystem-wide changes in water clarity and suspended nutrient concentrations. In this study, we placed tiles with artificial Zebra Mussel druses in Lake Bemidji, which did not have a well-established Zebra Mussel population at that time, to investigate the effects of benthic habitat modification on macroinvertebrate communities and carbon accumulation. We used control (n = 0 druses) tiles as well as 3 treatment tiles—low (n = 247), medium (n = 428), or high (n = 610) number of individuals per tile—to examine how Zebra Mussel density affected macroinvertebrate communities and carbon accumulation. Macroinvertebrate abundance (ANOVA: P < 0.001) was higher on the treatments compared to the control tiles. However, macroinvertebrate density was highest on control tiles (one-way test: P = 0.002), and treatment did not influence overall community structure (NMDS: P = 0.111) or macroinvertebrate diversity (ANOVA: P = 0.630). Furthermore, organic matter ash-free dry mass (AFDM) density was highest on control tiles (one-way test: P = 0.021), while treatment did not influence invertebrate AFDM density (one-way test: P = 0.098). These results indicate that while macroinvertebrates are able to exploit the additional habitat provided by druses, biological processes such as water filtration, carbon transfer, and benthification facilitated by living Zebra Mussels were also likely crucial in restructuring benthic communities to the extent observed in previous studies.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"347 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43774213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Andrews, J. Waldman, M. S. Penney, Zhe Yang, T. Avery
Abstract - A Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass) without horizontal black stripes, typically used to identify this species, was caught by an angler in the Miramichi River, near Chatham, NB, on 11 October 2020. The 6-year-old specimen measured 59 cm total length (56 cm fork length) and weighed 2.22 kg. Striped Bass are typically characterized by 7 to 8 dark horizontal lines expressed laterally. Stripes vary in pattern, including straight and parallel lines, broken or disjointed lines, or in the extreme, a checkerboard pattern. The specimen was identified as a Striped Bass morphologically using the arrangement of tongue dentition and the lack of antrorse spines on the pre-operculum, and molecularly using the barcoding region. This specimen appears to be the first Striped Bass recorded without stripes.
{"title":"Verification of a Stripeless Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, in Miramichi River, New Brunswick, Canada","authors":"S. Andrews, J. Waldman, M. S. Penney, Zhe Yang, T. Avery","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - A Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass) without horizontal black stripes, typically used to identify this species, was caught by an angler in the Miramichi River, near Chatham, NB, on 11 October 2020. The 6-year-old specimen measured 59 cm total length (56 cm fork length) and weighed 2.22 kg. Striped Bass are typically characterized by 7 to 8 dark horizontal lines expressed laterally. Stripes vary in pattern, including straight and parallel lines, broken or disjointed lines, or in the extreme, a checkerboard pattern. The specimen was identified as a Striped Bass morphologically using the arrangement of tongue dentition and the lack of antrorse spines on the pre-operculum, and molecularly using the barcoding region. This specimen appears to be the first Striped Bass recorded without stripes.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"N35 - N43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract - This first annotated checklist of the lichens and associated fungi from Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve (Québec, Canada) was compiled with the aim of enhancing the ecological knowledge from this regional biodiversity hotspot. I collected specimens in 2021 and 2022 and reviewed previous records based on vouchers deposited at the Louis-Marie Herbarium. A total of 257 species belonging to 96 genera are reported for the protected area, 3 of which represent the first published occurrence with an associated, digitized voucher for the province of Québec: Lecanactis abietina, Opegrapha vulgata, and Usnea diplotypus. This work highlights that Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve has the potential to be recognized as an area of high lichen diversity in northeastern North America.
{"title":"Checklist of Lichens and Associated Fungi from Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, Québec, Canada","authors":"Philip Bell-Doyon","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - This first annotated checklist of the lichens and associated fungi from Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve (Québec, Canada) was compiled with the aim of enhancing the ecological knowledge from this regional biodiversity hotspot. I collected specimens in 2021 and 2022 and reviewed previous records based on vouchers deposited at the Louis-Marie Herbarium. A total of 257 species belonging to 96 genera are reported for the protected area, 3 of which represent the first published occurrence with an associated, digitized voucher for the province of Québec: Lecanactis abietina, Opegrapha vulgata, and Usnea diplotypus. This work highlights that Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve has the potential to be recognized as an area of high lichen diversity in northeastern North America.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"304 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract - We observed Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) over 6 years in a mature deciduous forest and in a nearby urban area in Blair County, PA. Our objective was to examine differences in relative behavioral frequencies between the forested and urban habitat. Using focal-animal sampling techniques, we observed 17 distinct behaviors. Four behaviors showed significant difference between habitats: pause, vertical pause, forage, run. We attribute these differences to the characteristics of the landscape. Pause and vertical pause occurred in the urban habitat more often than expected, most likely due to the openness and lack of protection from predators overhead. Foraging was more frequent within the urban habitat, perhaps due to greater variety, distribution, and availability of anthropogenic food sources. Run behavior was less prevalent in the urban habitat, likely because chipmunks and other animals have become accustomed to human presence. Our work supports findings by others that indicate wildlife that persist in human-modified environments display behavioral differences influenced by habitat.
{"title":"Differences in Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus) Behavior between an Urbanized and a Forested Habitat in Central Pennsylvania","authors":"David Keller, M. R. Gannon, Carolyn G. Mahan","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - We observed Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) over 6 years in a mature deciduous forest and in a nearby urban area in Blair County, PA. Our objective was to examine differences in relative behavioral frequencies between the forested and urban habitat. Using focal-animal sampling techniques, we observed 17 distinct behaviors. Four behaviors showed significant difference between habitats: pause, vertical pause, forage, run. We attribute these differences to the characteristics of the landscape. Pause and vertical pause occurred in the urban habitat more often than expected, most likely due to the openness and lack of protection from predators overhead. Foraging was more frequent within the urban habitat, perhaps due to greater variety, distribution, and availability of anthropogenic food sources. Run behavior was less prevalent in the urban habitat, likely because chipmunks and other animals have become accustomed to human presence. Our work supports findings by others that indicate wildlife that persist in human-modified environments display behavioral differences influenced by habitat.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"295 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46810939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract - Phytoplankton assemblages are of great importance as indicators of water quality. However, knowledge of New Jersey freshwater phytoplankton assemblages is very limited. We collected a total of 196 samples between June and October each year from 2016 to 2019 and analyzed them for water-quality parameters, microcystins, and phytoplankton community composition. We documented a total of 91 phytoplankton taxa. The cyanophytes were the most dominant phytoplankton group statewide and by ecoregion, with Synechococcus being the most frequently observed cyanophyte. Fluorescence of phycocyanin significantly correlated with cyanobacterial cell density and microcystins, suggesting phycocyanin can be used as a proxy for estimating harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCB) conditions. The results of this study provide insight into the freshwater phytoplankton communities during the HCB season and their relationship with water-quality conditions in New Jersey.
{"title":"Summer Phytoplankton Assemblages and Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwaters of New Jersey","authors":"Y. Caraballo, Meiyin Wu","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Phytoplankton assemblages are of great importance as indicators of water quality. However, knowledge of New Jersey freshwater phytoplankton assemblages is very limited. We collected a total of 196 samples between June and October each year from 2016 to 2019 and analyzed them for water-quality parameters, microcystins, and phytoplankton community composition. We documented a total of 91 phytoplankton taxa. The cyanophytes were the most dominant phytoplankton group statewide and by ecoregion, with Synechococcus being the most frequently observed cyanophyte. Fluorescence of phycocyanin significantly correlated with cyanobacterial cell density and microcystins, suggesting phycocyanin can be used as a proxy for estimating harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCB) conditions. The results of this study provide insight into the freshwater phytoplankton communities during the HCB season and their relationship with water-quality conditions in New Jersey.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"269 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noteworthy Books Received by the Northeastern naturalist Issue 30/2 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"B1 - B1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Schaberg, P. Murakami, Christopher F. Hansen, R. Stern
Abstract - The limestone bluff cedar–pine forest is a rare upland natural community that is threatened by development and invasion by exotic species. Furthermore, the sensitivity of this forest-type to changes in climate and pollution exposure is unknown. We collected xylem increment cores from 4 conifer species (Thuja occidentalis [Northern White Cedar], Juniperus virginiana [Eastern Red Cedar], Pinus strobus [Eastern White Pine], and Tsuga canadensis [Eastern Hemlock]) and 4 hardwood species (Quercus rubrum [Northern Red Oak], Quercus alba [White Oak], Fagus grandifolia [American Beech], and Fraxinus americana [White Ash]) within and close to a cedar–pine forest along the eastern shore of Lake Champlain in Vermont and correlated radial tree growth to precipitation, snow, temperature, and pollution data to assess which factors influenced growth during the time period 1937–2016. We examined growth and possible environmental drivers of it for a variety of species to evaluate how unique these may be for the cedar and pine trees emblematic of the limestone-bluff community. For both conifers and hardwoods, precipitation exhibited the strongest positive correlations with growth and occurred with greater frequency compared to other climate and pollution parameters. Snow was positively associated and temperature was negatively associated with growth for all species. Despite growing over calcium-rich bedrock, and especially for the conifers, pollution seemed to limit growth in years prior to pollution reductions enacted following the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.
摘要石灰岩崖形雪松林是一种珍稀的山地自然群落，受到外来物种的开发和入侵的威胁。此外，这种森林类型对气候变化和污染暴露的敏感性尚不清楚。本研究收集了4种针叶树(北方白柏)、杜松(东方红杉)、松(东方白松)、加拿大铁杉(东方铁杉)和4种硬木(北方红橡树)、白栎(白栎)、大山毛榉(美洲山毛榉)的木质部增长核。在佛蒙特州尚普兰湖东岸的雪松林中及其附近，研究了美洲白桦(Fraxinus americana [White Ash])，并将放射状树的生长与降水、降雪、温度和污染数据进行了关联，以评估1937年至2016年期间哪些因素影响了生长。我们研究了各种物种的生长和可能的环境驱动因素，以评估这些物种对石灰石崖社区标志性的雪松和松树的独特性。与其他气候和污染参数相比，针叶树和阔叶树的降水与生长均表现出最强的正相关，且发生频率更高。所有物种的生长与雪呈正相关，与温度呈负相关。尽管在富含钙的基岩上生长，尤其是针叶树，但在1990年《清洁空气法》修正案颁布污染减少措施之前的几年里，污染似乎限制了它们的生长。
{"title":"Exploring Environmental Drivers of Growth for Tree Species Associated with a Rare Limestone Bluff Cedar–Pine Forest in Vermont","authors":"P. Schaberg, P. Murakami, Christopher F. Hansen, R. Stern","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - The limestone bluff cedar–pine forest is a rare upland natural community that is threatened by development and invasion by exotic species. Furthermore, the sensitivity of this forest-type to changes in climate and pollution exposure is unknown. We collected xylem increment cores from 4 conifer species (Thuja occidentalis [Northern White Cedar], Juniperus virginiana [Eastern Red Cedar], Pinus strobus [Eastern White Pine], and Tsuga canadensis [Eastern Hemlock]) and 4 hardwood species (Quercus rubrum [Northern Red Oak], Quercus alba [White Oak], Fagus grandifolia [American Beech], and Fraxinus americana [White Ash]) within and close to a cedar–pine forest along the eastern shore of Lake Champlain in Vermont and correlated radial tree growth to precipitation, snow, temperature, and pollution data to assess which factors influenced growth during the time period 1937–2016. We examined growth and possible environmental drivers of it for a variety of species to evaluate how unique these may be for the cedar and pine trees emblematic of the limestone-bluff community. For both conifers and hardwoods, precipitation exhibited the strongest positive correlations with growth and occurred with greater frequency compared to other climate and pollution parameters. Snow was positively associated and temperature was negatively associated with growth for all species. Despite growing over calcium-rich bedrock, and especially for the conifers, pollution seemed to limit growth in years prior to pollution reductions enacted following the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"244 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Andrews, David Roth, K. Kidd, S. Pavey, Bethany Reinhart, B. Hayden, M. Dadswell, T. Linnansaari, R. Curry
Abstract - The Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass) population in Saint John River (SJR), NB, Canada, collapsed in the 1970s concurrent with dam construction, overfishing, and chemical pollution that may have impeded reproduction. To assess whether a chemical threat to Striped Bass or a health threat to fish consumers persists, we examined DDT and total mercury (THg) levels from 29 Striped Bass captured in the SJR including 16 genomically typed as SJR natives. DDT and DDD in female gonads were below detectable levels, and DDE averaged 0.08 ± 0.09 mg/kg wet weight (ww) but was considered too low to threaten reproduction. Total mercury in muscle and liver varied from 0.68 to 2.10 mg/kg and 0.35 to 3.27 mg/kg ww, respectively and exceeded Health Canada guidelines in all samples. We suggest regulators should update advisories for consumption including actively informing the public of the risk.
{"title":"Updated Data on Mercury and DDE in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Relation to Consumption Advisories for the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada","authors":"S. Andrews, David Roth, K. Kidd, S. Pavey, Bethany Reinhart, B. Hayden, M. Dadswell, T. Linnansaari, R. Curry","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - The Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass) population in Saint John River (SJR), NB, Canada, collapsed in the 1970s concurrent with dam construction, overfishing, and chemical pollution that may have impeded reproduction. To assess whether a chemical threat to Striped Bass or a health threat to fish consumers persists, we examined DDT and total mercury (THg) levels from 29 Striped Bass captured in the SJR including 16 genomically typed as SJR natives. DDT and DDD in female gonads were below detectable levels, and DDE averaged 0.08 ± 0.09 mg/kg wet weight (ww) but was considered too low to threaten reproduction. Total mercury in muscle and liver varied from 0.68 to 2.10 mg/kg and 0.35 to 3.27 mg/kg ww, respectively and exceeded Health Canada guidelines in all samples. We suggest regulators should update advisories for consumption including actively informing the public of the risk.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"226 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43507388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ressel, Emma E. Damm, Wriley Hodge, Georgia Q. Lattig, Tess Moore, We REASoN, Judith A. Tunstad, Jasper White
Abstract - Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) is a widely distributed species in the eastern United States whose aquatic breeding habitat has been well documented as being hydrologically diverse but always freshwater in chemical composition. On Mount Desert Island, ME, a population of Spotted Salamanders breed in an aggregation of pools located atop a coastal rock cliff that is subject to seawater intrusion from nearby wave action. We periodically measured salinity concentrations (in ppt) of 7 pools with the highest breeding activity from 2016 to 2021 to quantify pool salinities within and between 5 breeding seasons. Our findings confirm that this breeding habitat experiences sporadic and extreme bouts of salt intrusion from the adjacent ocean, causing salinity levels to vary markedly and unpredictably (0.1 ppt to 32.5 ppt) on a spatiotemporal scale. The presence of salamanders exhibiting apparent normal behavior in salinities greater than 12 ppt suggest an upper threshold of salt tolerance in this population that exceeds purported upper thresholds for the majority of amphibians studied to date. Future experimental work on this population holds great promise to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of salt tolerance in coastal populations of amphibians from both a physiological and evolutionary perspective.
{"title":"Salinity Characteristics of Rocky Cliff Pools Used as Breeding Habitat by Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)","authors":"S. Ressel, Emma E. Damm, Wriley Hodge, Georgia Q. Lattig, Tess Moore, We REASoN, Judith A. Tunstad, Jasper White","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) is a widely distributed species in the eastern United States whose aquatic breeding habitat has been well documented as being hydrologically diverse but always freshwater in chemical composition. On Mount Desert Island, ME, a population of Spotted Salamanders breed in an aggregation of pools located atop a coastal rock cliff that is subject to seawater intrusion from nearby wave action. We periodically measured salinity concentrations (in ppt) of 7 pools with the highest breeding activity from 2016 to 2021 to quantify pool salinities within and between 5 breeding seasons. Our findings confirm that this breeding habitat experiences sporadic and extreme bouts of salt intrusion from the adjacent ocean, causing salinity levels to vary markedly and unpredictably (0.1 ppt to 32.5 ppt) on a spatiotemporal scale. The presence of salamanders exhibiting apparent normal behavior in salinities greater than 12 ppt suggest an upper threshold of salt tolerance in this population that exceeds purported upper thresholds for the majority of amphibians studied to date. Future experimental work on this population holds great promise to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of salt tolerance in coastal populations of amphibians from both a physiological and evolutionary perspective.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"212 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42045563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract - During a radio-tracking study of Ammospiza nelsoni (Nelson's Sparrow) in Aulac, NB, Canada, in 2022, we observed 2 unexpected cases of predation. In the first case, we found the remains of a radio-tagged Nelson's Sparrow inside a regurgitated pellet, which presumably was from an Asio flammeus (Short-eared Owl) or a Circus hudsonius (Northern Harrier). In another case, we found an adult female Nelson's Sparrow and her nestlings buried in underground tunnels, likely having been depredated by a Mustela erminea (Short-tailed Weasel), an undocumented predator for Nelson's Sparrow. These observations contribute to greater knowledge of predation of Nelson's Sparrows and demonstrate an indirect benefit of tracking studies on wildlife.
{"title":"Radio Telemetry Reveals Two Cases of Predation on Nelson's Sparrow (Ammospiza nelsoni)","authors":"K. C. Owen, K. R. Schweighardt, Emily Peacock","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - During a radio-tracking study of Ammospiza nelsoni (Nelson's Sparrow) in Aulac, NB, Canada, in 2022, we observed 2 unexpected cases of predation. In the first case, we found the remains of a radio-tagged Nelson's Sparrow inside a regurgitated pellet, which presumably was from an Asio flammeus (Short-eared Owl) or a Circus hudsonius (Northern Harrier). In another case, we found an adult female Nelson's Sparrow and her nestlings buried in underground tunnels, likely having been depredated by a Mustela erminea (Short-tailed Weasel), an undocumented predator for Nelson's Sparrow. These observations contribute to greater knowledge of predation of Nelson's Sparrows and demonstrate an indirect benefit of tracking studies on wildlife.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"N23 - N30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45775025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：