Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2157846
J. Jago, J. Gehling, N. Lemon, R. Jenkins, D. García‐Bellido
ABSTRACT A large enigmatic fossil is described from the early Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Heatherdale Shale in the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia. It has an almost circular outline about 150 mm across, with an outer rim and 27–30 evenly-spaced rays that extend about two-thirds of the distance to the centre of the structure; it shows radial symmetry. There is a featureless central area with a width about one-third that of the entire specimen. The fossil is preserved as pale-coloured material that stands out slightly above the surrounding mudstone. XRF data indicate that there is little compositional difference between the fossil and the enclosing rock. The fossil may appear to be a transverse section of a larger organism, but it does not continue down into the surrounding rock. This suggests it is a non-mineralised compression fossil that retains the remnants of a three-dimensional structure. Possible affinities with radiodont oral cones, ctenophores, eldonioids, scyphozoa and archaeocyaths are discussed, but no definite assignment can be made.
{"title":"A large enigmatic fossil from the early Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Heatherdale Shale of South Australia","authors":"J. Jago, J. Gehling, N. Lemon, R. Jenkins, D. García‐Bellido","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2157846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2157846","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 A large enigmatic fossil is described from the early Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Heatherdale Shale in the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia. It has an almost circular outline about 150 mm across, with an outer rim and 27–30 evenly-spaced rays that extend about two-thirds of the distance to the centre of the structure; it shows radial symmetry. There is a featureless central area with a width about one-third that of the entire specimen. The fossil is preserved as pale-coloured material that stands out slightly above the surrounding mudstone. XRF data indicate that there is little compositional difference between the fossil and the enclosing rock. The fossil may appear to be a transverse section of a larger organism, but it does not continue down into the surrounding rock. This suggests it is a non-mineralised compression fossil that retains the remnants of a three-dimensional structure. Possible affinities with radiodont oral cones, ctenophores, eldonioids, scyphozoa and archaeocyaths are discussed, but no definite assignment can be made.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2023.2174147
D. Craw, J. Druzbicka
{"title":"Geological controls on locally elevated arsenic in the Glenorchy area, Otago, New Zealand","authors":"D. Craw, J. Druzbicka","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2023.2174147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2023.2174147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2157845
R. Jongens, I. Turnbull, A. Allibone
ABSTRACT The lithostratigraphy of Early Paleozoic metasediments from southern Fiordland is described, with three groups and 14 formations formally defined. In southwest Fiordland, the Fanny Bay Group is a quartz-rich succession of metamorphosed sandstone, mudstone, and quartzite; the Cameron Group is a lithologically variable succession of metavolcanic, psammitic, pelitic and calc-silicate rocks; the Edgecumbe Group is a volcaniclastic succession of metaconglomerate, metasandstone, and metabasalt. South-central Fiordland schists and gneisses are subdivided into either amphibolitic, pelitic, or psammitic lithological associations. Based on fossils, detrital zircon ages, intrusive relationships, and correlation with rocks in northwest Nelson, Fanny Bay Group is most likely latest Cambrian to Late Ordovician whereas Cameron and Edgecumbe groups, together with the south-central Fiordland metamorphic rocks, are likely to be middle to late Cambrian. Fanny Bay lithostratigraphy most closely matches that of the Buller Terrane of northwest Nelson, whereas the Edgecumbe Group most closely matches the northwest Nelson Cambrian lithostratigraphy of the Takaka Terrane. Cameron Group and south-central Fiordland metasediments are similar to each other but their relationship to northwest Nelson rocks is unclear. The Old Quarry Fault separates the Fanny Bay Group from the Edgecumbe and Cameron groups, and is probably a southern continuation of northwest Nelson’s Anatoki Fault.
{"title":"Lithostratigraphy of Paleozoic metasediments in southern Fiordland, New Zealand","authors":"R. Jongens, I. Turnbull, A. Allibone","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2157845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2157845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The lithostratigraphy of Early Paleozoic metasediments from southern Fiordland is described, with three groups and 14 formations formally defined. In southwest Fiordland, the Fanny Bay Group is a quartz-rich succession of metamorphosed sandstone, mudstone, and quartzite; the Cameron Group is a lithologically variable succession of metavolcanic, psammitic, pelitic and calc-silicate rocks; the Edgecumbe Group is a volcaniclastic succession of metaconglomerate, metasandstone, and metabasalt. South-central Fiordland schists and gneisses are subdivided into either amphibolitic, pelitic, or psammitic lithological associations. Based on fossils, detrital zircon ages, intrusive relationships, and correlation with rocks in northwest Nelson, Fanny Bay Group is most likely latest Cambrian to Late Ordovician whereas Cameron and Edgecumbe groups, together with the south-central Fiordland metamorphic rocks, are likely to be middle to late Cambrian. Fanny Bay lithostratigraphy most closely matches that of the Buller Terrane of northwest Nelson, whereas the Edgecumbe Group most closely matches the northwest Nelson Cambrian lithostratigraphy of the Takaka Terrane. Cameron Group and south-central Fiordland metasediments are similar to each other but their relationship to northwest Nelson rocks is unclear. The Old Quarry Fault separates the Fanny Bay Group from the Edgecumbe and Cameron groups, and is probably a southern continuation of northwest Nelson’s Anatoki Fault.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45112235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2023.2167842
J. Fountain, Nicholas A. Cradock-Henry
ABSTRACT The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck North Canterbury, on the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island on 14 November 2016 had significant impacts and implications for the community of Kaikōura and surrounding settlements. The magnitude and scope of this event has resulted in extensive and ongoing geological and geophysical research into the event. The current paper complements this research by providing a review of existing social science research and offering new analysis of the impact of the earthquake and its aftermath on community resilience in Kaikōura over the past five years. Results demonstrate the significant economic implications for tourism, and primary industries. Recovery has been slow, and largely dependent on restoring transportation networks, which helped catalyse cooperation among local hospitality providers. Challenges remain, however, and not all sectors or households have benefited equally from post-quake opportunities, and long-term recovery trajectories continue to be hampered by COVID-19 pandemic. The multiple ongoing and future stressors faced by Kaikōura require integrated and equitable approaches in order to build capability and capacity for locally based development pathways to ensure long-term community resilience.
{"title":"We’re all in this together? Community resilience and recovery in Kaikōura following the 2016 Kaikōura-Hurunui earthquake","authors":"J. Fountain, Nicholas A. Cradock-Henry","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2023.2167842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2023.2167842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck North Canterbury, on the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island on 14 November 2016 had significant impacts and implications for the community of Kaikōura and surrounding settlements. The magnitude and scope of this event has resulted in extensive and ongoing geological and geophysical research into the event. The current paper complements this research by providing a review of existing social science research and offering new analysis of the impact of the earthquake and its aftermath on community resilience in Kaikōura over the past five years. Results demonstrate the significant economic implications for tourism, and primary industries. Recovery has been slow, and largely dependent on restoring transportation networks, which helped catalyse cooperation among local hospitality providers. Challenges remain, however, and not all sectors or households have benefited equally from post-quake opportunities, and long-term recovery trajectories continue to be hampered by COVID-19 pandemic. The multiple ongoing and future stressors faced by Kaikōura require integrated and equitable approaches in order to build capability and capacity for locally based development pathways to ensure long-term community resilience.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2153878
W. Schwarzhans, R. Paul Scofield, A. Tennyson, J. Worthy, T. Worthy
ABSTRACT The early Miocene palaeolake Manuherikia in Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand is a prime source for reconstructing the terrestrial and freshwater biota of past Zealandia. Otoliths of fishes that once lived in this lake system were first described in 2012. Here we report the results of extensive additional sampling resulting in a total of 16,500 fish otoliths from a wide set of stratigraphic levels and environmental settings within the Bannockburn Formation near St Bathans. Six new species are described: Galaxias crassus, Galaxias naviculus, Galaxias nitidus, Galaxias polei, Galaxias tholus, Mataichthys asymmetricus. The entire freshwater otolith-based fish fauna of the Bannockburn Formation now encompasses 17 species, 10 in Galaxiidae, 2 in Prototroctidae and 5 in Eleotridae; all families present in the freshwater systems of New Zealand today. Correlation with putative related extant taxa reveal that the fishes from the Bannockburn Formation were relatively large, often at the upper margin of the extant sizes of fishes in the respective groups or even larger. This ‘Gulliver’ fish fauna is consistent with other fossil and extant ‘gulliverisms’ observed in various Zealandian biota. Environmental and putative evolutionary explanations, aspects of the taphocoenosis and possible stratigraphic implications of the otolith assemblages are discussed.
{"title":"The ‘Gulliver’ fish fauna of an early Miocene freshwater system of New Zealand; new insights from otoliths from the Bannockburn Formation","authors":"W. Schwarzhans, R. Paul Scofield, A. Tennyson, J. Worthy, T. Worthy","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2153878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2153878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The early Miocene palaeolake Manuherikia in Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand is a prime source for reconstructing the terrestrial and freshwater biota of past Zealandia. Otoliths of fishes that once lived in this lake system were first described in 2012. Here we report the results of extensive additional sampling resulting in a total of 16,500 fish otoliths from a wide set of stratigraphic levels and environmental settings within the Bannockburn Formation near St Bathans. Six new species are described: Galaxias crassus, Galaxias naviculus, Galaxias nitidus, Galaxias polei, Galaxias tholus, Mataichthys asymmetricus. The entire freshwater otolith-based fish fauna of the Bannockburn Formation now encompasses 17 species, 10 in Galaxiidae, 2 in Prototroctidae and 5 in Eleotridae; all families present in the freshwater systems of New Zealand today. Correlation with putative related extant taxa reveal that the fishes from the Bannockburn Formation were relatively large, often at the upper margin of the extant sizes of fishes in the respective groups or even larger. This ‘Gulliver’ fish fauna is consistent with other fossil and extant ‘gulliverisms’ observed in various Zealandian biota. Environmental and putative evolutionary explanations, aspects of the taphocoenosis and possible stratigraphic implications of the otolith assemblages are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47247868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2153877
D. Barrell, M. Stirling, J. Williams, K. Sauer, E. J. van den Berg
ABSTRACT The Hundalee Fault forms part of the southeastern margin of the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake rupture zone. Its late Quaternary activity and structural character may offer insights to fault interrelationships associated with the 2016 rupture. Mapping of the Hundalee Fault revealed several pre-existing fault scarps. Trenching of a scarp across a fluvial terrace together with radiocarbon dating shows the occurrence of at least two, probably three, surface ruptures since 3.5 ka. The scarp records about 2.5 m of reverse-sense vertical deformation, mostly folding, of which ∼0.6 m occurred in 2016, along with subordinate sinistral slip. Fluvial terrace ages inferred from geomorphological relationships, together with the trenching results, indicate a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr since at least 30 ka. Geological data indicate a relatively recently surface emergence of the Hundalee Fault from beneath a fault propagation fold. The 2016 Hundalee Fault rupture is interpreted as a break-out from an extensive blind thrust fault, whose motion triggered predominantly contractional rupture of an array of steeper near-surface faults. The thrust is hypothesised as having provided linkage in the 2016 rupture between the predominantly strike-slip ruptures of The Humps Fault to the southwest and the Kekerengu Fault to the northeast.
{"title":"Hundalee Fault, North Canterbury, New Zealand: late Quaternary activity and regional tectonics","authors":"D. Barrell, M. Stirling, J. Williams, K. Sauer, E. J. van den Berg","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2153877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2153877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Hundalee Fault forms part of the southeastern margin of the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake rupture zone. Its late Quaternary activity and structural character may offer insights to fault interrelationships associated with the 2016 rupture. Mapping of the Hundalee Fault revealed several pre-existing fault scarps. Trenching of a scarp across a fluvial terrace together with radiocarbon dating shows the occurrence of at least two, probably three, surface ruptures since 3.5 ka. The scarp records about 2.5 m of reverse-sense vertical deformation, mostly folding, of which ∼0.6 m occurred in 2016, along with subordinate sinistral slip. Fluvial terrace ages inferred from geomorphological relationships, together with the trenching results, indicate a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr since at least 30 ka. Geological data indicate a relatively recently surface emergence of the Hundalee Fault from beneath a fault propagation fold. The 2016 Hundalee Fault rupture is interpreted as a break-out from an extensive blind thrust fault, whose motion triggered predominantly contractional rupture of an array of steeper near-surface faults. The thrust is hypothesised as having provided linkage in the 2016 rupture between the predominantly strike-slip ruptures of The Humps Fault to the southwest and the Kekerengu Fault to the northeast.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2143382
Rodolfo Otávio dos Santos, D. Riff, C. Amenábar, R. Ramos, Igor Fernandes Rodrigues, S. Scheffler, M. A. Carvalho
{"title":"New records of hexanchiform sharks (Elasmobranchii: Neoselachii) from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica with comments on previous reports and described taxa","authors":"Rodolfo Otávio dos Santos, D. Riff, C. Amenábar, R. Ramos, Igor Fernandes Rodrigues, S. Scheffler, M. A. Carvalho","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2143382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2143382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2135544
J. Becker, D. Blake, Jessica Thompson, Lauren J. Vinnell, Emma E. H. Doyle
ABSTRACT On 14 November 2016, the Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake and tsunami occurred in Aotearoa New Zealand, impacting the city of Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington). As many people reside in apartments in Wellington, we undertook a survey followed by interviews to understand evacuation information communicated to apartment dwellers, and how residents used that information for decision-making. Immediately following earthquake shaking, some apartment dwellers stayed in their building as per official advice, while others evacuated because they felt safer outside. A small proportion evacuated because of the tsunami threat, and many of these participants did so because of the ‘Long or Strong, Get Gone’ evacuation advice. Others were unclear whether their apartment building was in a tsunami evacuation zone. Some returned immediately after the initial evacuation, while others with damaged apartments evacuated for weeks to months. Participants used regular information upates particularly via social media channels, to inform decisions about returning after longer-term evacuation. However, communicating with the Body Corporate or landlord was difficult, and apartment dwellers reported having trouble getting information about the damage status of their building, making decisions about returning challenging. Given the unique context of apartment dwellers, communication strategies should be honed to assist responses to a future event.
{"title":"Communicating evacuation information to multi-storey apartment dwellers: a case study of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake in Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington), Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"J. Becker, D. Blake, Jessica Thompson, Lauren J. Vinnell, Emma E. H. Doyle","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2135544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2135544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On 14 November 2016, the Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake and tsunami occurred in Aotearoa New Zealand, impacting the city of Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington). As many people reside in apartments in Wellington, we undertook a survey followed by interviews to understand evacuation information communicated to apartment dwellers, and how residents used that information for decision-making. Immediately following earthquake shaking, some apartment dwellers stayed in their building as per official advice, while others evacuated because they felt safer outside. A small proportion evacuated because of the tsunami threat, and many of these participants did so because of the ‘Long or Strong, Get Gone’ evacuation advice. Others were unclear whether their apartment building was in a tsunami evacuation zone. Some returned immediately after the initial evacuation, while others with damaged apartments evacuated for weeks to months. Participants used regular information upates particularly via social media channels, to inform decisions about returning after longer-term evacuation. However, communicating with the Body Corporate or landlord was difficult, and apartment dwellers reported having trouble getting information about the damage status of their building, making decisions about returning challenging. Given the unique context of apartment dwellers, communication strategies should be honed to assist responses to a future event.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44999744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2121288
K. Mackay
{"title":"There is no geophysical evidence for the Mahuika Crater on the continental shelf southwest of New Zealand","authors":"K. Mackay","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2121288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2121288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47572445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2117829
R. Langridge, K. Clark, P. Almond, S. Baize, A. Howell, J. Kearse, R. Morgenstern, Kirstin Deuss, E. Nissen, J. García-Mayordomo, C. Amos
ABSTRACT The north-striking sinistral reverse Papatea Fault ruptured with a very large (up to 12 m) oblique slip as part of the 2016 M W 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in the northeastern South Island. Paleoseismic studies were undertaken at three sites along the Papatea Fault, named Murray’s roadcut, Jacqui’s Gully (both on the main strand), and Wharekiri trench (western strand). These sites provide evidence for up to three Late Holocene paleoearthquakes prior to 2016 (=E0) on this previously unmapped active fault, with preferred OxCal-modelled timings of 98–149 (E1), 546–645 cal yr BP (E2), and >738 cal yr BP (E3). Event correlations between the sites are generally consistent across these past events, implying that the two strands of the Papatea Fault link at depth and rupture together co-seismically as in 2016. Comparisons of its paleoseismic record with the Kekerengu Fault and uplift data from Waipapa Bay and Kaikōura, suggest that the Papatea Fault may have three distinct rupture modes: (i) Kaikōura-type multi-fault ruptures with multi-metre, anelastic block displacements and associated major landscape change; (ii) multi-fault earthquake ruptures with other regional fault combinations; and (iii) single-fault Papatea ruptures with metre-scale displacement. OxCal models offer the possibility that the E1 fault rupture occurred in 1855 CE.
{"title":"Late Holocene earthquakes on the Papatea Fault and its role in past earthquake cycles, Marlborough, New Zealand","authors":"R. Langridge, K. Clark, P. Almond, S. Baize, A. Howell, J. Kearse, R. Morgenstern, Kirstin Deuss, E. Nissen, J. García-Mayordomo, C. Amos","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2117829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2117829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The north-striking sinistral reverse Papatea Fault ruptured with a very large (up to 12 m) oblique slip as part of the 2016 M W 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in the northeastern South Island. Paleoseismic studies were undertaken at three sites along the Papatea Fault, named Murray’s roadcut, Jacqui’s Gully (both on the main strand), and Wharekiri trench (western strand). These sites provide evidence for up to three Late Holocene paleoearthquakes prior to 2016 (=E0) on this previously unmapped active fault, with preferred OxCal-modelled timings of 98–149 (E1), 546–645 cal yr BP (E2), and >738 cal yr BP (E3). Event correlations between the sites are generally consistent across these past events, implying that the two strands of the Papatea Fault link at depth and rupture together co-seismically as in 2016. Comparisons of its paleoseismic record with the Kekerengu Fault and uplift data from Waipapa Bay and Kaikōura, suggest that the Papatea Fault may have three distinct rupture modes: (i) Kaikōura-type multi-fault ruptures with multi-metre, anelastic block displacements and associated major landscape change; (ii) multi-fault earthquake ruptures with other regional fault combinations; and (iii) single-fault Papatea ruptures with metre-scale displacement. OxCal models offer the possibility that the E1 fault rupture occurred in 1855 CE.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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