Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2105903
M. J. Campbell, N. Mortimer, G. Rosenbaum, C. Allen, P. Vasconcelos, H. Campbell
ABSTRACT We use a recently completed airborne magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometric survey, and new U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, to revise and clarify several aspects of Brook Street Terrane geology in the Takitimu Mountains. Steeply dipping and homoclinal Permian Takitimu Subgroup formations defined in the central part of the range can, with moderate confidence, be traced along strike to other parts of the range where they are more complexly folded and faulted. We report intrusion ages for three Brook Street plutonic suites: pyroxene-bearing White Hill Intrusives (306-270 Ma, U/Pb zircon), amphibole-bearing Mackinnon Peak Intrusives (261 ± 1 Ma, 40Ar/39Ar amphibole), and shoshonitic Wether Hill Dikes (254 ± 1 Ma, 40Ar/39Ar plagioclase). Geological relationships between these intrusions and the host Takitimu Subgroup reinforce the Early Permian age of the latter, which is distinct from the overlying Late Permian Productus Creek Group. The Wether Hill Dikes mark the cessation of igneous activity in the Brook Street Terrane at c. 254 Ma. A large (n = 499) dataset of detrital zircon U/Pb ages from the nonmarine Jurassic Barretts Formation confirms a local Median Batholith-Tuhua Intrusives provenance and supports a post-Permian fore-arc tectonic setting along the Gondwana margin.
{"title":"Age and structure of the Permian Brook Street Terrane, Takitimu Mountains, New Zealand","authors":"M. J. Campbell, N. Mortimer, G. Rosenbaum, C. Allen, P. Vasconcelos, H. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2105903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2105903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We use a recently completed airborne magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometric survey, and new U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, to revise and clarify several aspects of Brook Street Terrane geology in the Takitimu Mountains. Steeply dipping and homoclinal Permian Takitimu Subgroup formations defined in the central part of the range can, with moderate confidence, be traced along strike to other parts of the range where they are more complexly folded and faulted. We report intrusion ages for three Brook Street plutonic suites: pyroxene-bearing White Hill Intrusives (306-270 Ma, U/Pb zircon), amphibole-bearing Mackinnon Peak Intrusives (261 ± 1 Ma, 40Ar/39Ar amphibole), and shoshonitic Wether Hill Dikes (254 ± 1 Ma, 40Ar/39Ar plagioclase). Geological relationships between these intrusions and the host Takitimu Subgroup reinforce the Early Permian age of the latter, which is distinct from the overlying Late Permian Productus Creek Group. The Wether Hill Dikes mark the cessation of igneous activity in the Brook Street Terrane at c. 254 Ma. A large (n = 499) dataset of detrital zircon U/Pb ages from the nonmarine Jurassic Barretts Formation confirms a local Median Batholith-Tuhua Intrusives provenance and supports a post-Permian fore-arc tectonic setting along the Gondwana margin.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":"66 1","pages":"478 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42992937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2103157
B. Hayward, Ashwaq T. Sabaa, J. Howarth, A. Orpin, L. Strachan
{"title":"Foraminiferal evidence for the provenance and flow history of turbidity currents triggered by the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand","authors":"B. Hayward, Ashwaq T. Sabaa, J. Howarth, A. Orpin, L. Strachan","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2103157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2103157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2099910
A. Noda, A. Greve, A. Woodhouse, M. Crundwell
{"title":"Depositional rate, grain size and magnetic mineral sulfidization in turbidite sequences, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand","authors":"A. Noda, A. Greve, A. Woodhouse, M. Crundwell","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2099910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2099910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42501808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2101481
M. Crundwell, A. Woodhouse
{"title":"Biostratigraphically constrained chronologies for Quaternary sequences from the Hikurangi margin of north-eastern Zealandia","authors":"M. Crundwell, A. Woodhouse","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2101481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2101481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47126038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2099432
A. Woodhouse, P. Barnes, Anthony Shorrock, L. Strachan, M. Crundwell, H. Bostock, J. Hopkins, S. Kutterolf, K. Pank, E. Behrens, A. Greve, R. Bell, A. Cook, K. Petronotis, L. Levay, R. A. Jamieson, T. Aze, L. Wallace, D. Saffer, I. Pecher
{"title":"Trench floor depositional response to glacio-eustatic changes over the last 45 ka, northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand","authors":"A. Woodhouse, P. Barnes, Anthony Shorrock, L. Strachan, M. Crundwell, H. Bostock, J. Hopkins, S. Kutterolf, K. Pank, E. Behrens, A. Greve, R. Bell, A. Cook, K. Petronotis, L. Levay, R. A. Jamieson, T. Aze, L. Wallace, D. Saffer, I. Pecher","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2099432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2099432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44534810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2089170
P. Otway, F. Illsley‐Kemp, E. Mestel
{"title":"Taupō volcano’s restless nature revealed by 42 years of deformation surveys, 1979–2021","authors":"P. Otway, F. Illsley‐Kemp, E. Mestel","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2089170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2089170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44410803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2089171
D. Eberhart‐Phillips, M. Reyners
ABSTRACT Here we update a catalogue of 2001–2011 New Zealand earthquakes relocated with a 3-D seismic velocity model, which has recent improvements. We use P- and S-wave arrival times from earthquakes during 2001–2011 as these were manually picked with assigned quality. We demonstrate the usefulness of the catalogue by considering results from the southern South Island where GeoNet seismograph spacing is large. Later phase data used automatic picking and processing of arrival times. We relocate the 2019–2020 data from National Geohazards Monitoring Centre (NGMC) and compare seismicity patterns to consider its usefulness. We find that the auto-detected crustal earthquakes are more sparse in most of the southern South Island compared to the earlier analyst-picked data period, including Fiordland, which is one of the most seismically active areas in New Zealand. The auto-detected seismicity pattern is also problematic at greater depth and does not show a seismicity band in the lower crust across Southland evident in 2001–2011 data. The detection capability could be improved with a much denser permanent network. We recommend that the 2001–2011 relocated catalogues be used in studies of tectonics and seismic hazard across the South Island, and in studies that consider New Zealand wide seismicity patterns.
{"title":"Catalogue of 2001–2011 New Zealand earthquakes relocated with 3-D seismic velocity model and comparison to 2019–2020 auto-detected earthquakes in the sparsely instrumented southern South Island","authors":"D. Eberhart‐Phillips, M. Reyners","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2089171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2089171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here we update a catalogue of 2001–2011 New Zealand earthquakes relocated with a 3-D seismic velocity model, which has recent improvements. We use P- and S-wave arrival times from earthquakes during 2001–2011 as these were manually picked with assigned quality. We demonstrate the usefulness of the catalogue by considering results from the southern South Island where GeoNet seismograph spacing is large. Later phase data used automatic picking and processing of arrival times. We relocate the 2019–2020 data from National Geohazards Monitoring Centre (NGMC) and compare seismicity patterns to consider its usefulness. We find that the auto-detected crustal earthquakes are more sparse in most of the southern South Island compared to the earlier analyst-picked data period, including Fiordland, which is one of the most seismically active areas in New Zealand. The auto-detected seismicity pattern is also problematic at greater depth and does not show a seismicity band in the lower crust across Southland evident in 2001–2011 data. The detection capability could be improved with a much denser permanent network. We recommend that the 2001–2011 relocated catalogues be used in studies of tectonics and seismic hazard across the South Island, and in studies that consider New Zealand wide seismicity patterns.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2090386
E. Crouch, C. Clowes, J. Raine, L. Alegret, M. Cramwinckel, R. Sutherland
{"title":"Latest Cretaceous and Paleocene biostratigraphy and paleogeography of northern Zealandia, IODP Site U1509, New Caledonia Trough, southwest Pacific","authors":"E. Crouch, C. Clowes, J. Raine, L. Alegret, M. Cramwinckel, R. Sutherland","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2090386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2090386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2087692
D. King, K. Clark, C. Chagué, Xun Li, E. Lane, B. McFadgen, Jarom Hippolite, Peter Meihana, Billy Wilson, J. Dobson, Pene Geiger, Hamuera Robb, D. Hikuroa, Shaun Williams, R. Morgenstern, F. Scheele
ABSTRACT Informed by Māori oral histories that refer to past catastrophic marine inundations, multi-proxy analysis of stratigraphic records from Swamp Bay, Rangitoto ki te Tonga (D’Urville Island) shows evidence of an anomalous deposit extending some 160 m inland. The deposit includes two distinct lithofacies. The lower sand unit is inferred to have been transported from the marine environment, with corresponding increases in the percentages of benthic marine and brackish–marine diatoms, and geochemical properties indicative of sudden changes in environmental conditions. Radiocarbon dating indicates the deposit formation is less than 402 yrs BP, and pollen indicates it is unlikely to be younger than 1870 CE. Core stratigraphy age models and co-seismic chronologies point to the marine unit most likely being emplaced by tsunami transport associated with rupture of the Wairarapa Fault in 1855 CE. The overlying unit of gravel and silt is inferred to be fluvial deposit and slope-wash from the surrounding hills, loosened by ground-shaking following the earthquake. These findings indicate the 1855 CE earthquake may have been more complex than previously thought and, or, available tsunami modelling does not fully capture the local complexities in bathymetry and topography that can cause hazardous and localized tsunami amplification in embayments like Swamp Bay.
{"title":"Tsunami or storm deposit? A late Holocene sedimentary record from Swamp Bay, Rangitoto ki te Tonga/D’Urville Island, Aotearoa – New Zealand","authors":"D. King, K. Clark, C. Chagué, Xun Li, E. Lane, B. McFadgen, Jarom Hippolite, Peter Meihana, Billy Wilson, J. Dobson, Pene Geiger, Hamuera Robb, D. Hikuroa, Shaun Williams, R. Morgenstern, F. Scheele","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2087692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2087692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Informed by Māori oral histories that refer to past catastrophic marine inundations, multi-proxy analysis of stratigraphic records from Swamp Bay, Rangitoto ki te Tonga (D’Urville Island) shows evidence of an anomalous deposit extending some 160 m inland. The deposit includes two distinct lithofacies. The lower sand unit is inferred to have been transported from the marine environment, with corresponding increases in the percentages of benthic marine and brackish–marine diatoms, and geochemical properties indicative of sudden changes in environmental conditions. Radiocarbon dating indicates the deposit formation is less than 402 yrs BP, and pollen indicates it is unlikely to be younger than 1870 CE. Core stratigraphy age models and co-seismic chronologies point to the marine unit most likely being emplaced by tsunami transport associated with rupture of the Wairarapa Fault in 1855 CE. The overlying unit of gravel and silt is inferred to be fluvial deposit and slope-wash from the surrounding hills, loosened by ground-shaking following the earthquake. These findings indicate the 1855 CE earthquake may have been more complex than previously thought and, or, available tsunami modelling does not fully capture the local complexities in bathymetry and topography that can cause hazardous and localized tsunami amplification in embayments like Swamp Bay.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2022.2080236
Melody G. Whitehead, M. Bebbington, J. Procter, M. Irwin, G. Viskovic
ABSTRACT There are currently no quantitative short-term eruption forecasts based on peer-reviewed and validated models that are operational for New Zealand’s volcanoes. Specific forecasts produced for work-risk assessments are not generally publicised. During a volcanic crisis, eruption forecasts are demanded under high stress and time-restricted conditions. Many forecasting options exist but none are proven as universally viable, with testing and calibration limited to the hindcasting of specific events. Here, we compare the requirements of six methods with currently available data and monitoring capabilities at each of New Zealand’s volcanoes to determine which methods are currently feasible, as well as those options that may be implemented with additional effort or equipment. In New Zealand, the major limiting factor in method selection is the low number of past instrumentally monitored eruptions. This data gap may be filled by carefully selected analogue data from a global volcano set and expert knowledge. Event trees and the failure forecasting method may be set up at most volcanoes with minimal effort, but the latter can only forecast eruption onset time. Expert interpretation is the only method available in New Zealand for any forecast output type.
{"title":"An initial assessment of short-term eruption forecasting options in New Zealand","authors":"Melody G. Whitehead, M. Bebbington, J. Procter, M. Irwin, G. Viskovic","doi":"10.1080/00288306.2022.2080236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2022.2080236","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are currently no quantitative short-term eruption forecasts based on peer-reviewed and validated models that are operational for New Zealand’s volcanoes. Specific forecasts produced for work-risk assessments are not generally publicised. During a volcanic crisis, eruption forecasts are demanded under high stress and time-restricted conditions. Many forecasting options exist but none are proven as universally viable, with testing and calibration limited to the hindcasting of specific events. Here, we compare the requirements of six methods with currently available data and monitoring capabilities at each of New Zealand’s volcanoes to determine which methods are currently feasible, as well as those options that may be implemented with additional effort or equipment. In New Zealand, the major limiting factor in method selection is the low number of past instrumentally monitored eruptions. This data gap may be filled by carefully selected analogue data from a global volcano set and expert knowledge. Event trees and the failure forecasting method may be set up at most volcanoes with minimal effort, but the latter can only forecast eruption onset time. Expert interpretation is the only method available in New Zealand for any forecast output type.","PeriodicalId":49752,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46892919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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