Mitochondrial Dna最新文献

This is the first report to present the Neomysis orientalis mitochondrial genome as a representative from the order Mysida. While mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) commonly use several alternatives to ATN as start codons, all 13 PCGs in N. orientalis mitochondrial genome initiate with ATG or ATA. Five PCGs (atp6. atp8. cob. nad4 and nad4L) start with ATG, while the other genes (cox1-3. nad1-3. nad5 and nad6) start with ATA. Only two PCGs (cox2 and nad2) in the N. orientalis mitochondrial genome end with incomplete stop codons (T- or TA-), and all the remaining ones have TAA or TAG stop codon. Only one PCG (nad4L) is encoded on the light strand and all other 12 PCGs are located at the heavy strand. Both rRNAs (srRNA and lrRNA) are encoded on the light strand. In common with 15 of the other 18 mitochondrial genomes from Peracarida, the major gene arrangement in the N. orientalis mitochondrial genome is different from the pancrustacean ground pattern. The largest conserved gene block in N. orientalis only contains two genes but those in the other 18 peracarid mitochondrial genomes contain more than five genes. Thus, the N. orientalis mitochondrial genome, as the first mitochondrial genome from the order Mysida, reveals an unusual gene arrangement that is unique compared with the other malacostracan mitochondrial genomes.

The mitochondrial genome of Ircinia sp. (Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae) is a circular molecule of 16,037 bp in length, containing 14 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 2 transfer RNA genes (trnW and trnM) and 13 non-coding segments. All genes are distributed in the same strand (H-strand). The overall base composition of the H-strand is as follows: T (37.84%), C (11.22%), A (24.81%), G (26.13%), with GC- and AT-skew of 0.399 and -0.208, respectively, reflecting unbalanced base composition between the two strands. The non-coding regions are 1190 bp in total length, with high AT content (76.31%). The current mitochondrial genome is identical to that of sibling species I. strobilina in gene order and contents, but differs from the latter in the presence of two kinds of repetitive sequences in the non-coding regions, of which one could form repetitive hairpin-forming elements.

This study examined sequence differences in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), large subunit ribosomal RNA (rrnL) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4) between Chabertia ovina and C. erschowi from yaks in Qinghai and goats in Shaanxi provinces, China. A part of the cox1 (pcox1), rrnL (prrnL), nad1 and nad4 genes (pnad1 and pnad4) were amplified separately from individual nematodes by PCR and sequenced. The length of the sequences of pcox1, prrnL, pnad1 and pnad4 was 441 bp, 450 bp, 526 bp and 914 bp for C. ovina, and 441 bp, 451 bp, 517 bp and 810 bp for C. erschowi, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations within C. ovina were 0.2-2.9% for pcox1, 0-0.9% for prrnL, 0.6-2.3% for pnad1, and 0.4-2.0% for pnad4, and were 0.5-1.6% for pcox1, 0-1.1% for prrnL, 0.2-1.7% for pnad1, and 0.4-1.1% for pnad4 within C. erschowi. Whereas, the inter-specific sequence differences between the two species were obviously higher, being 11.6-12.9% for pcox1, 9.8-11.1% for prrnL, 14.4-15.9% for pnad1, and 16.4-17.7% for pnad4. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI), based on combined sequences of four genes, indicated that the C. ovina and C. erschowi represent distinct species. These results demonstrate that these mt gene sequences provide novel genetic markers for the identificaiton and differentiation C. ovina and C. erschowi, and have implications for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Chabertia spp.

The complete mitochondrial sequence of the spotted scat Scatophagus argus has been determined using long amplification polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR). The total length of sequence is 16,778 bp, and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 1 control region. The base composition of H-strand is 27.23% (A), 27.54% (T), 16.22% (G) and 28.81% (C), with an AT content of 55.08%. The arrangement of genes in S. argus is identical to that of other fish species. All genes are encoded on the heavy strand with the exception of ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The mitochondrial genome of S. argus presented here will contribute to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the family Scatophagidae and the Perciformes.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Hymeniacidon sinapium (Demospongiae, Halichondriidae) is reported here for the first time. The H. sinapium mitogenome is 23,435 base pairs in total length and includes 14 protein-coding gene sequences, small and large rRNA sequences, and 25 tRNA sequences. All genes are encoded on the heavy strand without overlapping genes.

Glyphodes quadrimaculalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) feed on a root tuber of Cynanchum wilfordii (Asclepiadaceae), which is one of the most famous traditional medicines in Korea. The genus Glyphodes includes ∼ 130 species distributed worldwide, so the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) would be helpful for bio-identification, biogeographic studies and multigene-based phylogeny. The 15,255 bp long G. quadrimaculalis genome comprises 37 typical genes and 1 large non-coding region, with the typical arrangement found in Lepidoptera. Of the 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 12 begin with typical start codons found in insect mitochondrial PCGs, but the COI gene starts with atypical CGA. One of the noteworthy features of the genome includes the presence of a 51-bp long non-coding space sequence located between tRNA(Gln) and ND2 that reveals high-sequence homology (71.4%) to the neighboring ND2 gene, indicating the origin of the region by partial duplication of the ND2 gene.

Accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described in various types of cancers and might be associated with cancer risk and disease outcome. We identified 14 SNPs with a frequency higher than 5% and 5 SNPs associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a case-control study previously. In the present study, we assessed the relationship of these SNPs and the outcome of RCC patients, a SNP of 262C/T was identified by the log-rank test for statistically significant prediction of RCC survival. In an overall multivariate analysis, allele 262 was identified as an independent predictor of RCC outcome. The length of survival of patients with 262T was significantly shorter than that of patients with allele 262C (relative risk, 2.136, 95%CI, 1.863-2.449; p = 0.000). The analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop can help identify patients subgroup at high risk of a poor disease outcome.

The complete mitogenome sequence of the flea, Jellisonia amadoi (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), was sequenced. The 17,031 bp long genome has the standard metazoan complement of 37 genes, in the insect ancestral genome arrangement. The very large (2338 bp) A + T rich region is marked by two macro-repeats and multiple microsatellite and homopolymer regions. The protein-coding, rRNA and tRNA genes are all highly similar to homologues in related insect orders - similar length, few indels and high proportion of invariant sites. Sequencing of a flea mitogenome provides data for one of the last three insect orders from which data were lacking and provides further proof that parasitic life histories alone do not cause aberrant mitogenomes.

We describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Neopanorpa pulchra (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). The sequence has a length of 16,314 bp (GenBank accession number JX569848) and the A + T content is as high as 77.46%. The genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The gene arrangement is conserved. All protein-coding genes start with ATN start codon. Seven protein-coding genes use TAA as stop codon while others use incomplete stop codons "T" or "TA". The A + T-region is located between rrnS and trnI with a length of 1531 bp.

The Germain's Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron germaini (Aves, Galliformes, Phasianidae) is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. germaini is 16,699 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region. All of the 13 protein-coding genes have ATG as start codon. Eight of the 13 protein-coding genes have TAA as stop codon.