Mitochondrial Dna最新文献

The complete mitochondrial genome of the ringstraked guitarfish Rhinobatos hynnicephalus is firstly presented in this study, which is also the first representative in the family Rhinobatidae. It is 16,776 bp in length and contains 37 genes and one control region as the typical gene arrangement and transcriptional direction in vertebrates. The overall base composition is 31.7% A, 26.8% C, 13.5% G and 28.1% T. The 22 tRNA genes ranged from 67 bp (tRNA-Ser2) to 75 bp (tRNA-Leu1). The origin of L-strand replication (OL) sequence was identified between tRNA-Asn and tRNA-Cys genes. The termination associated sequence (TAS) and the conserved sequence blocks (CSB 1--3) were recognized in the control region.

Eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) have been introduced into California within the past 130 years. Recently, their range has been expanding at an alarming rate. Genetic diversity was assessed in 101 control region sequences of eastern fox squirrels from three geographic regions within California (Los Angeles County, Alameda and Contra Costa counties and Sacramento County) to determine if a single or multiple introductions occurred within California, as indicated by the detection of multiple haplotypes. A total of 11 haplotypes were discovered, with haplotypes rarely shared among geographic regions and no clustering by region in a haplotype network. This suggests that the introduction to different regions within California came from different source populations within the native range of the species. Haplotype diversity was highest in Los Angeles County. Due to a lack of phylogeographic structure in fox squirrels in their native range, it is difficult to identify the sources of all introductions.

This study evaluates the mitochondrial noncoding regions by using the Sanger sequencing method for application in Forensic Science. FTA® Technology (FTA™ paper DNA extraction) was utilized to extract DNA. Portion of coding region encompassing positions from (10,716 to 11,184) amplified in accordance with the Anderson reference sequence. PCR products purified by EZ-10 spin column were then sequenced and detected using the ABI 3730 × L DNA Analyzer. A new polymorphic positions 10,750 and 10,790 that are described may be suitable sources in future for identification purpose. The data obtained can be used to identify variable nucleotide positions characterized by frequent occurrence, most promising for identification variants.

We present the complete mitochondrial genome of the Trachinotus ovatus in this study. The mitochondrial genome is 16,563 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a control region. The gene order and composition of T. ovatus mitochondrial genome was similar to that of most other vertebrates. The nucleotide compositions of the light strand are 29.03% of A, 28.86% of C, 26.23% of T and 15.88% of G. With the exception of ND6 and eight tRNA genes, all other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. Two copies of tandem repeat sequence (56 bp) was observed in the 5' end of the control region.

In this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Ningxiang pig (Human Province), which was determined through PCR-based method. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,690 bp. The overall composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 34.70% for A, 25.81% for T, 26.18% for C, 13.30% for G, respectively, indicating that an A + T(60.52%)-rich feature occurs in the Ningxiang pig. It contains the typical structure, including 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes was the same as that found in the Landrace pig. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for ND2. ND3 and ND5 are ATA, ND4L is GTG. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Ningxiang pig in Human Province provides an important data for further study about genetic mechanism.

The complete mitogenome of the Antarctic soft-shelled clam, Laternula elliptica was determined to be 14,622 bp in length, and to contain 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and large (rrnL) and small (rrnS) rRNA genes. Its total A + T content is 55.09%. The L. elliptica mitogenome is the smallest one among those of bivalvia, due to the existence of relatively small intergenic non-coding sequences. All genes are transcribed from the light-strand as a template like bivalve taxa except Unionoidea.

Energy metabolism is essential for the survival of animals, which can be characterized by maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Because of the crucial roles of mitochondria in energy metabolism, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been subjected to stronger purifying selection in strongly locomotive than weakly locomotive birds and mammals. Although maximum locomotive speed (an indicator of MMR) showed a negative correlation with the evolutionary rate of mtDNA, it is unclear whether BMR has driven the evolution of mtDNA. Here, we take advantage of the large amount of mtDNA and BMR data in 106 mammals to test whether BMR has influenced the mtDNA evolution. Our results showed that, in addition to the locomotive speed, mammals with higher BMR have subjected to stronger purifying selection on mtDNA than did those with lower BMR. The evolution of mammalian mtDNA has been modified by two levels of energy metabolism, including MMR and BMR. Our study provides a more comprehensive view of mtDNA evolution in relation to energy metabolism.