Mitochondrial Dna最新文献

Tunisia is located at the crossroads of Europe, the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa. This position might lead to numerous waves of migrations, contributing to the current genetic landscape of Tunisians. In this study, we analyzed 815 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from Tunisia in order to characterize the mitochondrial DNA genetic structure of this region, to construct the processes for its composition and to compare it to other Mediterranean populations. To that end, additional 4206 mtDNA sequences were compiled from previous studies performed in African (1237), Near Eastern (231) and European (2738) populations. Both phylogenetic and statistical analyses were performed. This study confirmed the mosaic genetic structure of the Tunisian population with the predominance of the Eurasian lineages, followed by the Sub-Saharan and North African lineages. Among Tunisians, the highest haplogroup and haplotype diversity were observed in particular in the Capital Tunis. No significant differentiation was observed between both geographical (Northern versus Southern Tunisia) and different ethnic groups in Tunisia. Our results highlight the presence of outliers and most frequent unique sequences in Tunisia (10.2%) compared to 45 Mediterranean populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of Tunisian localities were closer to North Africans and Near Eastern populations than to Europeans. The exception was found for Berbers from Jerba which are clustered with Sardinians and Valencians.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Johnius belangerii has been determined for the first time in this article. It was 19,154 base pairs in length, and is composed of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes). Totally, 5 notable non-coding regions were observed, and a non-coding of 1091 bp was identified as control region based on its location and AT richness. An 800 bp tandem repeat sequence was identified in the fifth non-coding region. We investigated the mitochondrial gene arrangement pattern and found that that the tRNA(Val), 12SrRNA, 16SrRNA and tRNA(Phe) genes of J. belangerii mitogenome were orderly placed at the beginning of heavy strand. This order is different from other croakers. Combine with the phylogenetic reconstruction and genes arrangement pattern of J. belangerii mitochondrial genome, we consider J. belangerii is the most ancient genus within family Sciaenidae.

The mitochondrial genome of Dendronephthya putteri (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) which is an endangered species was completely sequenced. It is 18,853 bp in length and identical to those of Dendronephthya species in its gene arrangement and genome organization. Nucleotide sequence comparison of the mitochondrial genomes of the two D. putteri individuals obtained from this study and the previously reported one (GenBank accession number JQ290079) showed that they are identical perfectly. We found useful candidate for DNA barcode markers for D. putteri species identification.

The long PCR and primer walking methods are employed for determining the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Pampus punctatissimus. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,551 bp in length including the structure of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). Within the control region, we identify the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), a central conserved domain (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

Rhinogobio ventralis, a small-sized economic fish living in the bottom of the fast-flowing water, has a limited geographical distribution in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in China. The complete mito-genome of R. ventralis is 16,607 bp in length, containing 37 genes of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and a control region (D-loop). The gene order and composition of R. ventralis is similar to that of most other fishes, and its nucleotide composition is 31.10% A, 26.64% T, 26.28% C and 15.98% G, with a slight AT bias of 57.74%. It is first report of the complete mitochondrial genome in the bottom dwelling Rhinogobio species.

A PCR-RFLP method to confirm the identification of four Pelodiscus sinensis strains (Taihu Lake strain, Taiwan strain, Yellow River strain and Japanese strain) was developed and evaluated. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the partial sequences of mitochondrial NADH4, COX I and NADH5-NADH6 genes of 60 individuals from the four P. sinensis strains. Bgl I, Hpa II and Cla I were selected for cutting NADH4, COX I and NADH5-NADH6 PCR products, respectively, and each strain has its unique restriction band patterns. The result showed that all the 140 samples tested can be correctly identified based on the combination of the three digested fragments pattern. This study provides an effective method to distinguish the four main strains of P. sinensis.

In this study, the total mitochondrial genome sequence of Pseudobagrus albomarginatus Rendhal was firstly sequenced and determined. The total genome is 16,533 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two non-coding regions. The data presented herein would facilitate further investigations of phylogenetic relationships within Bagridae catfishes.

Naemorhedus griseus, vulnerable animal, has undergone a significant decline. Here, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (16,554 bp in length) to supplement the database of N. griseus. The complete mtDNA of N. griseus contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop). Additionally, a rep-origin (32 bp) exists which located between tRNA(Asn) and tRNA(Cys).

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal neurodegenerative disease caused by the abnormal expansion of the CAG repeats in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene. It has been proven that mitochondrial dysfunction is contributed to the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. The mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) is proven to accumulate mutations at a higher rate than other regions of mtDNA. Thus, we hypothesized that specific SNPs in the D-loop may contribute to the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. In the present study, 30 patients with Huntington's disease and 463 healthy controls were evaluated for mitochondrial mutation sites within the D-loop region using PCR-sequencing method. Sequence analysis revealed 35 variations in HD group from Cambridge Mitochondrial Sequences. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was seen between patients and control group in eight SNPs. Polymorphisms at C16069T, T16126C, T16189C, T16519C and C16223T were correlated with an increased risk of HD while SNPs at C16150T, T16086C and T16195C were associated with a decreased risk of Huntington's disease.

Chimeric genes resulting from the rearrangement of a mitochondrial genome were generally thought to be a causal factor in the occurrence of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). In the study, earlier we reported that identifying a 47 bp deletion at 3'- flanking of atp9 that was linked to male sterile cytoplasm in kenaf. The truncated fragment was fused with atp9, a mitochondrial transit signal (MTS) and/or GFP, comprised two chimeric genes MTS-HM184-GFP and MTS-HM184. The plant expression vector pBI121 containing chimeric genes were then introduced to tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transformation. The result showed that certain transgenic plants were male sterility or semi-sterility, while some were not. The expression analysis further demonstrated that higher level of expression were showed in the sterility plants, while no expression or less expression in fertility plants, the levels of expression of semi-sterility were in between. And the sterile plant (containing MTS-HM184-GFP) had abnormal anther produced malformed/shriveled pollen grains stained negative that failed to germinate (0%), the corresponding fruits was shrunken, the semi-sterile plants having normal anther shape produced about 10-50% normal pollen grains, the corresponding fruits were not full, and the germination rate was 58%. Meanwhile these transgenic plants which altered on fertility were further analyzed in phenotype. As a result, the metamorphosis leaves were observed in the seedling stage, the plant height of transgenic plants was shorter than wild type. The growth duration of transgenic tobacco was delayed 30-45 days compared to the wild type. The copy numbers of target genes of transgenic tobacco were analyzed using the real-time quantitative method. The results showed that these transgenic plants targeting-expression in mitochondrial containing MTS-HM184-GFP had 1 copy and 2 copies, the other two plants containing MTS-HM184 both had 3 copies, but 0 copy in wild type. In summary, the two manual chimeric genes might be related to male sterility in kenaf.