Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.11.001
Charles S Pavia, Maria M Plummer
The availability of multiple versions of vaccines designed to help prevent COVID-19 has offered an opportunity to at least control the current pandemic, and possibly to quickly eradicate this disease fully, along with the implementation of other preventive measures. In order to accomplish this feat more effectively, as many people as possible need to be vaccinated, especially for high-risk groups having co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, obesity and old age, and possibly those with various forms of immunodeficiencies, such as HIV/AIDS. This chapter focuses primarily on some of the basic biomedical aspects on vaccine design and use, and any possible concerns that need to be considered in getting people in the high-risk category vaccinated and monitored thereafter for their continuous health and well-being.
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccines for high risk and immunocompromised patients.","authors":"Charles S Pavia, Maria M Plummer","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of multiple versions of vaccines designed to help prevent COVID-19 has offered an opportunity to at least control the current pandemic, and possibly to quickly eradicate this disease fully, along with the implementation of other preventive measures. In order to accomplish this feat more effectively, as many people as possible need to be vaccinated, especially for high-risk groups having co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, obesity and old age, and possibly those with various forms of immunodeficiencies, such as HIV/AIDS. This chapter focuses primarily on some of the basic biomedical aspects on vaccine design and use, and any possible concerns that need to be considered in getting people in the high-risk category vaccinated and monitored thereafter for their continuous health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48773855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-05-17DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2022.03.003
Tre Tomaszewski, Volker Gurtler, Kelsey Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo Caetano-Anollés
SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, even after implementation of public-wide vaccination, as can be observed by an increasing number of mutations over time. Compared to responses by the United States and European countries, the disease mitigation strategies employed by the Australian government have been swift and effective. This provides a unique opportunity to study the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) at many latitude levels in a country that has been able to control infection for the majority of the pandemic. In the present study, we explored the occurrence and accumulation of major mutations typical of VOCs in different regions of Australia and the effects that latitude has on the establishment of VOC-induced disease. We also studied the constellation of mutations characteristic of VOCs to determine if the mutation sets acted as haplotypes. Our goal was to explore processes behind the emergence of VOCs as the viral disease progresses towards becoming endemic. Most reported COVID-19 cases were in largest cities located within a -30°S to - 50°S latitude corridor previously identified to be associated with seasonal behavior. Accumulation plots of individual amino acid variants of major VOCs showed that the first major haplotypes reported worldwide were also present in Australia. A classification of accumulation plots revealed the existence of 18 additional haplotypes associated with VOCs alpha, delta and omicron. Core mutant constellations for these VOCs and curve overlaps for variants in each set of haplotypes demonstrated significant decoupling patterns, suggesting processes of emergence. Finally, construction of a "haplotype network" that describes the viral population landscape of Australia throughout the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant and unanticipated seasonal patterns of emergence and diversification. These results provide a unique window into our evolutionary understanding of a human pathogen of great significance. They may guide future research into mitigation and prediction strategies for future VOCs.
{"title":"The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Australia by haplotype coalescence reveals a continental link to COVID-19 seasonality.","authors":"Tre Tomaszewski, Volker Gurtler, Kelsey Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo Caetano-Anollés","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.mim.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, even after implementation of public-wide vaccination, as can be observed by an increasing number of mutations over time. Compared to responses by the United States and European countries, the disease mitigation strategies employed by the Australian government have been swift and effective. This provides a unique opportunity to study the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) at many latitude levels in a country that has been able to control infection for the majority of the pandemic. In the present study, we explored the occurrence and accumulation of major mutations typical of VOCs in different regions of Australia and the effects that latitude has on the establishment of VOC-induced disease. We also studied the constellation of mutations characteristic of VOCs to determine if the mutation sets acted as haplotypes. Our goal was to explore processes behind the emergence of VOCs as the viral disease progresses towards becoming endemic. Most reported COVID-19 cases were in largest cities located within a -30°S to - 50°S latitude corridor previously identified to be associated with seasonal behavior. Accumulation plots of individual amino acid variants of major VOCs showed that the first major haplotypes reported worldwide were also present in Australia. A classification of accumulation plots revealed the existence of 18 additional haplotypes associated with VOCs alpha, delta and omicron. Core mutant constellations for these VOCs and curve overlaps for variants in each set of haplotypes demonstrated significant decoupling patterns, suggesting processes of emergence. Finally, construction of a \"haplotype network\" that describes the viral population landscape of Australia throughout the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant and unanticipated seasonal patterns of emergence and diversification. These results provide a unique window into our evolutionary understanding of a human pathogen of great significance. They may guide future research into mitigation and prediction strategies for future VOCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9110064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42054499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.004
N. Chandrakanth, Pooja Makwana, L. Satish, M. Rabha, V. Sivaprasad
{"title":"Molecular approaches for detection of pebrine disease in sericulture","authors":"N. Chandrakanth, Pooja Makwana, L. Satish, M. Rabha, V. Sivaprasad","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54119073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.05.001
G. P. Singh, M. M. Baig, C.M. Bajpayi
{"title":"Recent trends in tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury disease management","authors":"G. P. Singh, M. M. Baig, C.M. Bajpayi","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54120028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.006
Mallikarjun Gadwala, S. Vootla, P. Tewary, Babulal
{"title":"Immune mechanism in silkworm Bombyx mori L.","authors":"Mallikarjun Gadwala, S. Vootla, P. Tewary, Babulal","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54119955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(21)x0003-7
{"title":"Methods in Silkworm Microbiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0580-9517(21)x0003-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0580-9517(21)x0003-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56251016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.001
D. Barretto, Mallikarjun Gadwala, S. Vootla
{"title":"The silkworm gut microbiota: A potential source for biotechnological applications","authors":"D. Barretto, Mallikarjun Gadwala, S. Vootla","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54118917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(21)00028-3
{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0580-9517(21)00028-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0580-9517(21)00028-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0580-9517(21)00028-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56250992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.007
P. Sangannavar, J. Kumar, G. Subrahmanyam, S. Kutala
{"title":"Genomics and omics tools to assess complex microbial communities in silkworms: A paradigm shift towards translational research","authors":"P. Sangannavar, J. Kumar, G. Subrahmanyam, S. Kutala","doi":"10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49823,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54119998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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