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Market Integration between Cultured and Captured Species in Developing Countries: Lessons from Inland Areas in Bangladesh 发展中国家养殖和捕获物种之间的市场整合:孟加拉国内陆地区的经验教训
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1086/712802
Afjal Hossain, M. Nielsen, Isaac Ankamah-Yeboah, Badiuzzaman, F. Huda
The study tested market integration between cultured fish (tilapia and pangasius) against captured fish (hilsa, swamp barb, prawn, wallago, and long-whiskered catfish) in the domestic market of Bangladesh. The Johansen cointegration framework was applied to identify market integration between cultured and captured species using monthly wholesale price data for the period January 2010 to May 2017. The study showed that the law of one price was rejected in all market pairs except the pangasius and long-whiskered catfish pair, suggesting imperfectly integrated markets. The study revealed mixed evidence of weak exogeneity tests, including cultured and captured led markets as well as bidirectional relationships. Given the fact that cultured fish accounts for a substantial market share, the implication is that the supply growth of aquaculture, all other things being equal, reduces captured fish prices and, subsequently, reduces overexploitation, overcapacity, and the number of fishers in a situation where overexploitation is prevalent. This appears to lead to a double gain in the long run, with fish farmers producing and fishers catching more fish.
该研究测试了在孟加拉国国内市场上养殖鱼类(罗非鱼和pangasius)与捕获鱼类(希尔萨鱼、沼泽倒钩鱼、对虾、瓦拉戈鱼和长须鲶鱼)的市场整合。Johansen协整框架用于使用2010年1月至2017年5月期间的月度批发价格数据来确定养殖物种和捕获物种之间的市场整合。研究表明,除了pangasius和长须鲶鱼之外,所有市场对都拒绝了单一价格定律,这表明市场不完全一体化。该研究揭示了弱外源性测试的混合证据,包括培养和捕获的主导市场以及双向关系。鉴于养殖鱼类占据了相当大的市场份额,这意味着水产养殖的供应增长,在所有其他条件相同的情况下,降低了捕获鱼类的价格,从而减少了过度开发、产能过剩和过度开发普遍存在的渔民数量。从长远来看,这似乎会带来双重收益,养鱼户会生产更多的鱼,渔民会捕捞更多的鱼。
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引用次数: 8
Implications of Disease in Shrimp Aquaculture for Wild-Caught Shrimp 对虾养殖中的疾病对野生捕获虾的影响
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.1086/712993
Tess Petesch, B. Dubik, Martin D. Smith
We investigate whether supply shocks in shrimp aquaculture caused by disease increase prices of wild-caught shrimp in the US Gulf of Mexico, using Gulf prices and US shrimp imports from Ecuador, Thailand, and Indonesia. Many studies have shown that shrimp markets are cointegrated, meaning relative prices tend not to diverge substantially or for long periods. We also find cointegration, and we evaluate a vector error correction model for structural breaks to determine whether the most significant changes in the price relationships coincide with the timing of disease crises in aquaculture. Gulf prices fell steadily throughout the early 2000s because of innovations in shrimp aquaculture, however, early mortality syndrome (EMS) caused a major disruption in aquaculture starting around 2011. Our results indicate that EMS may have precipitated a disturbance to the long-run relationship of our prices, suggesting that disease may have offered temporary benefits to the US shrimp fishery.
我们利用墨西哥湾的价格和从厄瓜多尔、泰国和印度尼西亚进口的美国对虾,调查了由疾病引起的对虾养殖供应冲击是否会增加美国墨西哥湾野生捕获虾的价格。许多研究表明,虾市场是协整的,这意味着相对价格往往不会出现实质性或长期的差异。我们还发现了协整关系,并评估了结构断裂的向量误差校正模型,以确定价格关系中最显著的变化是否与水产养殖疾病危机的时间一致。由于对虾养殖的创新,海湾地区的价格在整个21世纪初稳步下降,然而,从2011年左右开始,早期死亡综合征(EMS)对水产养殖造成了重大干扰。我们的研究结果表明,EMS可能对我们的价格长期关系造成了干扰,这表明疾病可能为美国对虾渔业带来了暂时的好处。
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引用次数: 9
Local Fisheries and Thriving Harbors: Is There a Value for the Tourism Sector? 当地渔业和繁荣的港口:旅游业有价值吗?
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1086/712819
A. Andersson, Johan Blomquist, S. Waldo
Local commercial fishing is often claimed to attract tourists to coastal communities. We investigate the impact of local fishing on tourism demand, measured as overnight stays, in Sweden. Using municipal-level data for the period 1998–2015, we perform a quantitative analysis using ordinary least squares (OLS) as well as panel-data methods that take unobserved heterogeneity between municipalities into account. A statistically significant positive relationship is found between fishing and overnight stays when OLS is used as the estimation method. The relationship is also found to be stronger on the west and south coasts of Sweden, regions where the fishing cultural heritage is particularly recognized. However, when using panel-data methods that introduce fixed effects for municipalities, we are not able to find a stable significant relationship between fishing and tourism. We therefore find it difficult to claim that fishing promotes tourism, at least when tourism is measured as overnight stays.
当地的商业捕鱼通常被认为是为了吸引游客到沿海社区。我们调查了当地渔业对旅游需求的影响,以过夜为衡量标准,在瑞典。利用1998-2015年的市级数据,我们使用普通最小二乘法(OLS)和考虑到市级之间未观察到的异质性的面板数据方法进行了定量分析。当使用OLS作为估计方法时,发现钓鱼与过夜住宿之间存在统计学上显著的正相关关系。在瑞典的西部和南部海岸,这种关系也被发现更强,这些地区的渔业文化遗产特别得到认可。然而,当使用面板数据方法为市政当局引入固定效应时,我们无法发现渔业和旅游业之间存在稳定的显著关系。因此,我们发现很难声称渔业促进了旅游业,至少当旅游业以过夜住宿来衡量时。
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引用次数: 4
Coasean Approaches to Address Overfishing: Bigeye Tuna Conservation in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Coasean解决过度捕捞的方法:大眼金枪鱼在西太平洋和中太平洋的保护
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/711853
D. Ovando, G. Libecap, Katherine D Millage, L. Thomas
Bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean were perceived as overfished for nearly 20 years, in large part because of incidental catch in the much larger skipjack tuna fishery. Efforts to halt the overfishing of bigeye stalled because of disagreements over the distribution of costs and benefits from reform. An alternative Coasean-style approach to setting both harvesting levels and the allocation of costs and benefits might offer a path forward. We calculate the costs and benefits of achieving bigeye conservation goals and describe an exchange through which benefits could be realized via removal of fish-aggregating devices (FADs). Through trade, aggregate benefits and costs are more apt to be in balance relative to mandated protection controls. The realities of bargaining costs in a multilateral setting are not underappreciated, but in light of existing stalemates in this and other fisheries, consideration of Coasean-style approaches is warranted.
近20年来,西太平洋和中太平洋的大眼金枪鱼被认为是过度捕捞的,这在很大程度上是因为规模大得多的鲣鱼渔业偶然捕获的。制止大眼鱼过度捕捞的努力停滞不前,原因是各方对改革的成本和收益分配存在分歧。另一种科斯式的方法来设定收获水平以及成本和收益的分配,可能会提供一条前进的道路。我们计算了实现大眼保护目标的成本和收益,并描述了通过移除鱼类聚集装置(FADs)来实现收益的交换。通过贸易,总收益和总成本相对于强制性保护控制更容易达到平衡。多边环境下谈判成本的现实不容忽视,但鉴于这一渔业和其他渔业目前的僵局,有必要考虑科斯式的办法。
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引用次数: 6
Fishery Collapse Revisited 渔业崩溃再访
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.1086/711233
Qingran Li, Martin D. Smith
Fishery collapse has been defined as a fishery with annual landings less than 10% of the historic maximum observed catch. However, this 10% rule is not grounded in bioeconomic theory despite being widely used in empirical economic studies of fisheries. We assess the 10% rule by simulating fisheries under pure open access, open access with cost changes, open access with critical depensation, optimal management (both deterministic and stochastic cases), and rebuilding plans. We show that the 10% rule generates false negatives and false positives, and that the prevalence of these problems varies under different institutional configurations, economic incentives, and biological conditions. We urge researchers to abandon this outcome measure for comparative empirical tests and encourage more research on collapse that attends to human agency and institutions.
渔业崩溃被定义为年渔获量低于历史最大观测渔获量的10%的渔业。然而,尽管这一10%的规则被广泛用于渔业的实证经济研究,但它并没有建立在生物经济理论的基础上。我们通过模拟纯开放获取、成本变化的开放获取、关键补偿的开放获取和最优管理(确定性和随机性情况)以及重建计划下的渔业来评估10%规则。我们发现,10%规则会产生假阴性和假阳性,并且这些问题的普遍性在不同的制度配置、经济激励和生物条件下有所不同。我们敦促研究人员放弃这一结果衡量标准,进行比较实证测试,并鼓励对人类机构和制度的崩溃进行更多研究。
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引用次数: 3
The Day-to-Day Supply Responses of a Limited-Entry Mixed Fishery 有限进入混合渔业的日常供应响应
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-04 DOI: 10.1086/711384
Xiaozi Liu, D. Shaw, T. Bjørndal, M. Heino
Small-scale fishers’ short-run supply decisions are understudied, often because of data limitations. We utilize a unique dataset of daily catches and prices from a mixed-species trawl fishery in Taiwan, characterized by targeting decisions made before prices are formed. To investigate the effect of expected prices on fishers’ supply decisions, we formulate a vector error correction model in a seemingly unrelated regression system of 11 fish species. We find a price-elastic short-run supply for several species: the maximum daily price elasticity of supply (PES) ranges from 0.4 to 1.1 and is statistically significant for all but one species. The long-run PES (approx. weekly) is >1 for eight species. In contrast, elasticity with respect to wave height is weak (the median short-run elasticity is −0.4). These findings are unexpected for trawl fisheries, which are believed to have low selectivity. Our results highlight the potential that auction markets have to incentivize fishing that emphasizes quality over quantity.
小规模渔民的短期供应决策研究不足,通常是因为数据限制。我们利用台湾混合物种拖网渔业的每日渔获量和价格的独特数据集,其特征是在价格形成之前做出的目标决策。为了研究预期价格对渔民供应决策的影响,我们在11种鱼类的看似无关的回归系统中建立了一个向量误差校正模型。我们发现了几个物种的价格弹性短期供应:最大日供应价格弹性(PES)在0.4至1.1之间,除一个物种外,对所有物种都具有统计学意义。八个物种的长期PES(大约每周)>1。相比之下,波浪高度的弹性较弱(短期弹性中值为-0.4)。这些发现对于拖网渔业来说是出乎意料的,因为人们认为拖网渔业的选择性很低。我们的研究结果强调了拍卖市场必须激励强调质量而非数量的捕鱼活动的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Perceived Risk and Risk Management Strategies in Pond Aquaculture 池塘养殖的感知风险和风险管理策略
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-04 DOI: 10.1086/711066
Md. Takibur Rahman, R. Nielsen, M. Khan, Dewan Ahsan
The growing aquaculture industry is facing several challenges including risks and uncertainties. Studies exploring farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies are, however, limited within pond aquaculture, although they are well described within the field of agriculture. This study explores farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies in pond aquaculture and the relationship of risk perceptions and risk management strategies with farm and farmers’ characteristics. The data are analyzed using principal component analysis and multivariate regression. The results show that price variability and financial risks are perceived as the most influential risk factors. Farm management and financing are perceived as the most effective risk management strategies. In most cases, farmers need to focus on more than one risk management strategy to address a particular type of risk. This study provides knowledge of farmers’ risk perceptions and strategies, which can be used to develop better and more focused management strategies. The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments that helped substantially to improve the paper. The authors would also like to thank the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) for its financial support for the project “Upgrading Pangas and Tilapia Value Chains in Bangladesh,” project number F38A26778, under which this research was conducted.
日益增长的水产养殖业面临着包括风险和不确定性在内的若干挑战。然而,探索农民风险认知和风险管理策略的研究仅限于池塘水产养殖,尽管它们在农业领域得到了很好的描述。本研究探讨了池塘养殖农户的风险认知和风险管理策略,以及风险认知和风险管理策略与养殖场和农户特征的关系。采用主成分分析和多元回归对数据进行分析。结果表明,价格波动和金融风险被认为是影响最大的风险因素。农场管理和融资被认为是最有效的风险管理战略。在大多数情况下,农民需要关注一种以上的风险管理策略来应对特定类型的风险。本研究提供了农民风险认知和策略的知识,可用于制定更好、更有针对性的管理策略。作者要感谢三位匿名审稿人的建议和评论,他们的建议和评论极大地帮助了本文的改进。作者还要感谢丹麦国际开发署(DANIDA)为“孟加拉国鲶鱼和罗非鱼价值链升级”项目(项目编号为F38A26778)提供的资金支持,本研究正是在该项目下进行的。
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引用次数: 18
Fishing or Aquaculture? Chinese Consumers’ Stated Preference for the Growing Environment of Salmon through a Choice Experiment and the Consequentiality Effect 捕鱼还是水产养殖?中国消费者对三文鱼养殖环境偏好的选择实验及结果效应
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1086/711385
Qiujie Zheng, J. Shogren
Because of economic development and food safety concerns, an increasing number of middle-class consumers in China are demanding higher-quality food and more environmentally friendly food production methods. In this paper, we design a choice experiment to assess Chinese consumers’ preference for high-quality imported salmon through their willingness to pay (WTP) for various product attributes, especially the production environment attribute. We included a policy consequentiality script at the beginning of the survey and a consequentiality perception check at the end to test the effect of the device on Chinese consumers’ survey responses. The results show that Chinese consumers value the safety certification label of salmon with the highest premium, followed by chilled, wild-caught, and dark red color attributes of salmon. The WTP premiums from the consumers who were provided with the consequentiality script are significantly lower than those from consumers not provided with such a script, and the consequentiality perceptions are also enhanced by the script treatment.
由于经济发展和食品安全问题,越来越多的中国中产阶级消费者要求更高质量的食品和更环保的食品生产方法。在本文中,我们设计了一个选择实验,通过中国消费者对各种产品属性,特别是生产环境属性的支付意愿来评估他们对优质进口三文鱼的偏好。我们在调查开始时包括了一个政策后果脚本,并在调查结束时进行了后果感知检查,以测试该设备对中国消费者调查反应的影响。结果显示,中国消费者对三文鱼安全认证标签的重视程度最高,其次是冷藏三文鱼、野生三文鱼和深红色三文鱼。获得后果性脚本的消费者的WTP保费显著低于未获得该脚本的消费者,并且脚本处理也增强了对后果性的感知。
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引用次数: 13
Accounting for Fleet Heterogeneity in Estimating the Impacts of Large-Scale Fishery Closures 在估计大规模渔业关闭的影响时考虑船队的异质性
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1086/710514
Maxime Dépalle, O. Thébaud, J. Sanchirico
To date, the empirical literature on spatial closures has focused on specific fleets and/or areas, and relatively less attention has been paid to the evaluation of responses to large-scale spatial restrictions on ocean fishing. Where such restrictions occur, a broad range of fleets may be affected, with diverse response mechanisms determining the redistribution of fishing effort and the associated welfare impacts. We propose a methodological approach to address such situations. Using hypothetical scenarios regarding the closure of the UK exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to a diverse subset of French vessels as an example, we develop a spatial discrete choice model that incorporates the possibility to adjust the resolution of choice sets at the fleet level to account for heterogeneous behavioral patterns across fleets. We show how neglecting fleet diversity in the choice of the spatial resolution of analysis may bias the results of an impact study on large spatial closures.
迄今为止,关于空间封闭的实证文献主要集中在特定的船队和/或区域,对评估对海洋捕捞的大规模空间限制的反应相对较少关注。在出现这种限制的情况下,广泛的船队可能会受到影响,不同的应对机制决定了捕鱼努力的再分配和相关的福利影响。我们提出了一种处理这种情况的方法。以英国专属经济区(EEZ)对法国船只的不同子集关闭为例,我们开发了一个空间离散选择模型,该模型包含了在船队层面调整选择集分辨率的可能性,以考虑船队之间的异质行为模式。我们展示了在选择分析的空间分辨率时忽视船队多样性可能会对大型空间封闭的影响研究结果产生偏差。
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引用次数: 5
Using Markets to Control Invasive Species: Lionfish in the US Virgin Islands 利用市场控制入侵物种:美属维尔京群岛的狮子鱼
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1086/710254
S. Simnitt, Lisa A. House, Sherry Larkin, Jennifer Sweeney Tookes, T. Yandle
Invasive lionfish are affecting reef ecosystems along the Gulf Coast and Caribbean. By establishing commercial fisheries and harvesting lionfish in mass, it may be possible to reduce their ecological footprint in the region. Nonetheless, there has been little research assessing the viability of a consumer market for lionfish meat. Using data collected in the US Virgin Islands (USVI), this study examines individuals’ willingness to participate in a hypothetical market for lionfish meat and their potential consumption levels. Consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for lionfish meat is also estimated. Findings suggest that individuals’ market participation and consumption levels are correlated with concerns for food safety and the environment, and consumer WTP is compatible with dockside prices of other species of reef fish. These findings suggest that a latent demand structure for lionfish meat may already exist in the USVI and that the prospect of a commercial fishery is worth additional exploration.
入侵的狮子鱼正在影响墨西哥湾沿岸和加勒比海地区的珊瑚礁生态系统。通过建立商业渔业和大量捕捞狮子鱼,有可能减少它们在该地区的生态足迹。然而,很少有研究评估狮子鱼肉消费市场的可行性。本研究使用在美属维尔京群岛(USVI)收集的数据,调查了个人参与假想狮子鱼肉市场的意愿及其潜在消费水平。消费者对狮子鱼的消费意愿(WTP)也进行了估算。研究结果表明,个人的市场参与和消费水平与食品安全和环境的关注相关,消费者WTP与其他种类珊瑚鱼的码头价格一致。这些发现表明,在美属维尔京群岛,狮子鱼肉的潜在需求结构可能已经存在,商业渔业的前景值得进一步探索。
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引用次数: 8
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Marine Resource Economics
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