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Insights into surveying pangolins using ground and arboreal camera traps 使用地面和树栖相机陷阱调查穿山甲的启示
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0107
Jennifer F. Moore, Neus Estela, Koighae Toupou, Seny Koivogui, Abass Camara, Michel S. Diawara, Matthew H. Shirley
Arboreal camera traps are becoming more commonly used for monitoring wildlife. Pangolins (Order: Pholidota) are a threatened group of mammals that are challenging to monitor across their range. In this study, we assessed the use of arboreal and ground camera traps for monitoring the three pangolin species native to West Africa in the Ziama Man and Biosphere Reserve, Guinea. We fit occupancy models to our data to examine the effect of factors related to camera height and tree height on detection probability. In addition, we evaluated the utility of deploying multiple cameras within the same tree. Our study showed that arboreal camera traps can successfully detect both arboreal pangolin species, with the highest detection in mid-canopy for white-bellied pangolin and mid-to high-canopy for black-bellied pangolins. In addition, our results suggest at least 4–6 cameras deployed on each tree to maximize the opportunity of detecting these species. We did not detect giant pangolins. Further studies are needed to continue improving detection of all three pangolins for monitoring and adaptive management of these heavily harvested and traded species.
树栖相机陷阱越来越普遍地用于监测野生动物。穿山甲(目:Pholidota)是一类濒临灭绝的哺乳动物,在其分布区进行监测具有挑战性。在这项研究中,我们评估了在几内亚齐亚马人与生物圈保护区使用树栖和地面相机陷阱监测原产于西非的三种穿山甲的情况。我们对数据进行了占位模型拟合,以研究与相机高度和树高有关的因素对探测概率的影响。此外,我们还评估了在同一棵树上部署多台照相机的效用。我们的研究表明,树栖相机陷阱可以成功地探测到两种树栖穿山甲,其中白腹穿山甲在树冠中层的探测率最高,黑腹穿山甲在树冠中高层的探测率最高。此外,我们的研究结果表明,在每棵树上至少部署 4-6 台摄像机才能最大限度地探测到这些物种。我们没有探测到巨型穿山甲。我们需要进一步研究,以继续改进对所有三种穿山甲的检测,从而对这些被大量采伐和交易的物种进行监测和适应性管理。
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引用次数: 0
New dietary records for the rare Thomas’s Flying Squirrel (Aeromys thomasi, Sciuridae: Pteromyini) from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo 马来西亚婆罗洲沙巴珍稀动物托马斯鼯鼠(Aeromys thomasi, Sciuridae: Pteromyini)的新饮食记录
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0159
J. Maximilian Dehling
Thomas’s Flying Squirrel (Aeromys thomasi) is a rarely observed, large, nocturnal species of Flying Squirrel, confined to the island of Borneo. Very little is known about the ecology, behaviour, and natural history of the species. Fruit is the only diet item recorded so far. I report for the first time feeding on bark and on young leaf shoots by the species. These observations match the results of an examination of the species’ dentition, which had suggested a mixed diet including leaves.
托马斯鼯鼠(Aeromys thomasi)是一种很少见的大型夜行性鼯鼠,仅分布于婆罗洲岛。人们对该物种的生态、行为和自然史知之甚少。水果是迄今为止记录到的唯一食物。我首次报告了该物种以树皮和嫩叶芽为食的情况。这些观察结果与对该物种牙齿的检查结果相吻合,检查结果表明该物种以包括树叶在内的混合食物为食。
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引用次数: 0
First albino white-eared opossums in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil: records of albinism in Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840) 巴西东北部卡廷加地区的第一只白化白耳负鼠:Didelphis albiventris(Lund,1840 年)的白化病记录
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0103
Robério Freire-Filho, Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, Tainara Câmara, Calebe Damasceno, José Luís Passos Cordeiro, Júlio Fernando Vilela
Unusual colorations are rare in Didelphis, but records are important to understand genetic aspects of the species. Albino individuals have a total absence of pigmentation throughout the body (skin and hair) and have eyes without traces of pigmentation, but with a red or pink color. We draw attention to the first two confirmed records of albinism in white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and their karyotype. This is the first record of albinism in D. albiventris in Northeastern Brazil. This calls attention to develop future research on the genetic diversity and the risk of inbreeding and consanguinity in populations of this region.
不同寻常的颜色在Didelphis中非常罕见,但记录下来对了解该物种的遗传方面非常重要。白化个体全身(皮肤和毛发)完全没有色素沉着,眼睛没有色素沉着的痕迹,但呈红色或粉红色。我们提请注意白耳负鼠(Didelphis albiventris)中首次出现的两例白化病确诊记录及其核型。这是巴西东北部白耳负鼠白化病的首次记录。这要求今后对该地区种群的遗传多样性以及近亲繁殖和近亲结婚的风险开展研究。
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引用次数: 0
Reproductive aspects of female Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Chingaza massif, eastern range of the Colombian Andes 哥伦比亚安第斯山脉东部 Chingaza 山丘上雌性安第斯熊(Tremarctos ornatus)的生殖情况
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0112
Adriana Reyes, Daniel Rodríguez, Daniela Rodríguez, Yeimy Castillo-Navarro, Hector Restrepo, Leidy Pardo, Oswaldo Salgado, Robinson Duque-Osorio, Nicolás Reyes-Amaya
Knowledge of reproduction in wild Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) is scarce. Here we provide novel information about litter size, birth timings, courtship and multi-generational groups in a population in the Chingaza massif in Colombia. Pregnant females, mothers with cubs, estimated birth times, and litter size were registered through camera trapping of a population at the Chingaza massif (Colombia) between 2011 and 2016. A total of 34 independent records of reproductive female bears were obtained. Twenty-eight (28) different reproductive females were recognized by external key features. Six different females were recorded only pregnant, two others were recorded pregnant and later with cubs, and 20 others were recorded only with cubs. In total, 29 cubs were recorded in 22 litters, with a mean litter size of 1.27 (SD = 0.45): 16 litters with one cub, 5 with 2 cubs, and 1 with 2 cubs + a big cub from a previous litter (>1 year). The highest records of mothers with little cubs were obtained for the low rain season in December, January, and February, full of dry-season-fruiting Ericaceae shrubs. Likewise, the highest estimated births were obtained during the rainy time in June. Multi-generational groups and the courtship behaviors are reported for the first time in Colombia.
有关野生安第斯熊(Tremarctos ornatus)繁殖的知识十分匮乏。在这里,我们提供了有关哥伦比亚钦加扎山丘种群中的产仔数、出生时间、求偶和多代群体的新信息。2011年至2016年期间,我们通过相机诱捕登记了哥伦比亚钦加哥山丘种群中的怀孕雌鸟、产仔母鸟、估计出生时间和产仔数。共获得了 34 条雌性繁殖熊的独立记录。通过外部关键特征识别出 28 只不同的繁殖期雌熊。其中六只雌熊仅记录到怀孕,另外两只雌熊记录到怀孕并随后产下幼崽,还有 20 只雌熊仅记录到产下幼崽。共记录了 22 窝中的 29 只幼崽,平均窝产仔数为 1.27(SD = 0.45):16窝中有1只幼崽,5窝中有2只幼崽,1窝中有2只幼崽+1只前一窝(1岁)的大幼崽。12 月、1 月和 2 月雨水较少的季节,满是旱季结果的鸢尾科灌木,母亲产小幼崽的记录最高。同样,在多雨的 6 月份,估计的出生率也最高。哥伦比亚首次报道了多代群落和求偶行为。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological symmetry of Rhipidomys mastacalis (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in fragmented habitats of the Atlantic Forest in Northeastern Brazil: a study on the influence of the environment on an endemic species 巴西东北部大西洋森林支离破碎的栖息地中 Rhipidomys mastacalis(哺乳纲,啮齿目,鼬科)的形态对称性:关于环境对特有物种影响的研究
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0068
Franger J. García, Letícia Soto da Costa, Lizandra Regina Bigai, Martín Roberto del Valle Alvarez
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has undergone significant transformation, resulting in habitat loss and the endangerment of many species of mammals and other vertebrates. In this study, the presence of fluctuating asymmetry of four anatomical structures of the arboreal rodent Rhipidomys mastacalis was evaluated using geometric morphometrics. The study focused on adult specimens collected in a mosaic of vegetation composed of forested vegetation, occupancy mosaics in forested areas, and cocoa plantations. The results showed significant values of fluctuating asymmetries in all structures and in all areas. The skulls and scapulae showed the highest values of asymmetry in forested vegetation and cocoa plantations, while the mandibles showed the greatest values in forested vegetation, and the pelvis in occupancy mosaics and cocoa plantations. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have evaluated developmental stability in mammals and suggest that high asymmetry values indicate an effect on different phases of ontogeny, which can harm the survival of a species in future generations. Overall, this study provides important insights into the impacts of habitat fragmentation on Rhipidomys mastacalis and highlights the need for conservation efforts to preserve the integrity of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and its diverse range of wildlife.
巴西大西洋森林经历了巨大的变化,导致栖息地丧失,许多哺乳动物和其他脊椎动物濒临灭绝。在这项研究中,使用几何形态计量学评估了树栖啮齿动物 Rhipidomys mastacalis 的四个解剖结构是否存在不对称波动。研究的重点是在由森林植被、森林地区的占地镶嵌和可可种植园组成的植被镶嵌中采集的成年标本。结果显示,所有结构和所有区域的波动不对称值都很大。在森林植被和可可种植园中,头骨和肩胛骨的不对称值最高,而在森林植被中,下颌骨的不对称值最高,在占位镶嵌和可可种植园中,骨盆的不对称值最高。这些发现与之前评估哺乳动物发育稳定性的研究结果一致,并表明高不对称值表明对本体发育的不同阶段有影响,这可能会损害一个物种后代的生存。总之,这项研究为了解栖息地破碎化对乳鼠的影响提供了重要见解,并强调了保护巴西大西洋森林及其多种野生动物完整性的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Review of ocular alterations in bats in America and notes on a new case for Saccopteryx bilineata (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) 美洲蝙蝠眼部变化综述及 Saccopteryx bilineata(翼手目:Emballonuridae)新病例注释
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0076
Sebastián Herazo-Callejas, M. Parejo-Tovar, Julio Chacón-Pacheco
Abstract Morphological abnormalities in bats are rarely reported and, particularly, ocular problems are relatively scarce in the literature. We present a review of the records of ocular alterations in bats of the American continent and document for the first time a case of ocular alteration in the species Saccopteryx bilineata in northern Colombia. In this study we found cases of corneal opacity (5/19 individuals), lesions and trauma, microphthalmia (4/19 individuals), anophthalmia (4/19 individuals) and adnexal diseases (2/19 individuals). We encourage researchers to report their observations of bats with ocular anomalies, as this information could be useful for estimating occurrence rates and addressing questions associated with the social behaviour of the species and on their effects on natural populations.
摘要 蝙蝠的形态异常很少见报道,尤其是眼部问题在文献中相对较少。我们回顾了美洲大陆蝙蝠眼部变化的记录,并首次记录了哥伦比亚北部双翼蝠(Saccopteryx bilineata)眼部变化的病例。在这项研究中,我们发现了角膜混浊(5/19 只)、病变和外伤、小眼球症(4/19 只)、无眼球症(4/19 只)和附件疾病(2/19 只)等病例。我们鼓励研究人员报告他们观察到的眼部异常的蝙蝠,因为这些信息有助于估算蝙蝠的发生率,解决与该物种的社会行为有关的问题,以及它们对自然种群的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A treetop diner: camera trapping reveals novel arboreal foraging by fishing cats on colonial nesting birds in Bangladesh 树顶上的食客:相机诱捕揭示了孟加拉国渔猫在树上觅食殖民地筑巢鸟类的新情况
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0074
Allama Shibli Sadik, M. Akash
Abstract Based on camera trap images, we document active foraging attempts on nests of colonial waterbirds by a fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus. The nests were built in the canopy of an 8-m-tall Indian Oak tree Barringtonia acutangula in the Haor Basin region, northeast Bangladesh. In 2022, two events of fishing cats reaching nests with fledglings were documented. In one event, the cat killed four fledglings. The species primarily follows a piscivorous diet and is evolutionarily adapted for semi-aquatic hunting niches. These records provide the first known evidence of the arboreal hunting behaviour observed in the fishing cat.
摘要 根据相机捕获的图像,我们记录了渔猫Prionailurus viverrinus对殖民地水鸟巢的主动觅食尝试。巢建在孟加拉国东北部豪尔盆地地区一棵8米高的印度橡树Barringtonia acutangula的树冠上。2022 年,记录了两起渔猫触及雏鸟巢穴的事件。在一次事件中,猫杀死了四只雏鸟。该物种主要以鱼类为食,在进化过程中适应了半水生的狩猎环境。这些记录首次提供了渔猫树栖狩猎行为的已知证据。
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引用次数: 0
Resolving the taxonomic status of Ctenomys paramilloensis (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae), an Andean nominal form from Mendoza Province, Argentina 确定阿根廷门多萨省的安第斯名种 Ctenomys paramilloensis(啮齿目,栉水母科)的分类地位
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0133
M. Tammone, D. Voglino, Ericka Cuellar Soto, Ulyses E J. Pardinas
Abstract Ctenomys paramilloensis Roig et al. (1975. Ctenomys paramilloensis, una nueva especie de tucu-tuco de la Sierra de Uspallata, provincia de Mendoza (Rodentia, Octodontidae). In: Resúmenes IV Jornada Argentina de Zoología. Corrientes, Argentina), was coined to represent populations for this caviomorph (Hystricomorpha) subterranean rodent inhabiting a high Andean isolated tableland in the Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina. To evaluate the validity of this nominal form we conducted a field sampling involving several localities within the target geographical area. The results obtained indicate that all the sampled populations belong to the widespread Ctenomys mendocinus Philippi, 1869. Accordingly, C. paramilloensis is resolved as a junior synonym of the latter.
摘要 Ctenomys paramilloensis Roig et al.Ctenomys paramilloensis, una nueva especie de tucu-tuco de la Sierra de Uspallata, provincia de Mendoza (Rodentia, Octodontidae).In:Resúmenes IV Jornada Argentina de Zoología.Corrientes,Argentina),以代表这种栖息于阿根廷门多萨省乌斯巴拉塔山脉安第斯高地孤立台地的腔肠动物(Hystricomorpha)。为了评估这一命名形式的有效性,我们在目标地理区域内的多个地点进行了实地采样。结果表明,所有采样种群都属于广泛分布的栉水母(Ctenomys mendocinus Philippi,1869 年)。因此,C. paramilloensis 被认定为后者的低等异名。
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引用次数: 0
Brandt’s Hedgehog, Paraechinus hypomelas (Brandt, 1836), new to the mammal fauna of Iraq 布氏刺猬,Paraechinus hypomelas (Brandt, 1836),伊拉克哺乳动物群的新成员
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0091
Omar F. Al-Sheikhly, Soran H. Ahmed, Soma I. Majeed, B. Kryštufek, Gholam H. Yusefi, Korsh Ararat
Abstract Due to the wide distribution through the Iranian Plateau, especially in its western parts adjacent to Iraq’s northeastern borders, the occurrence of Brandt’s Hedgehog Paraechinus hypomelas (Brandt, 1836) was suspected, but no confirmed records were made. In 2021–2023, several sightings were obtained during in situ surveys in the Bamo-Khoshk Mountains in the Kurdistan region-northeastern Iraq which confirm the first occurrence of this species in the country.
摘要 由于布氏刺猬(Paraechinus hypomelas (Brandt, 1836))广泛分布于伊朗高原,特别是其西部毗邻伊拉克东北部边境的地区,因此人们曾怀疑该物种的存在,但没有得到证实。2021-2023 年,在伊拉克东北部库尔德斯坦地区的巴莫-科什克山(Bamo-Khoshk Mountains)进行实地调查时,发现了几处踪迹,这证实了该物种在伊拉克的首次出现。
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引用次数: 0
Variation in leukocyte indices and immunoglobulin levels according to host density, sex, flea burden and tularemia prevalence in the common vole Microtus arvalis 普通田鼠的白细胞指数和免疫球蛋白水平随宿主密度、性别、跳蚤负担和土拉菌病流行程度而变化
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0090
François Mougeot, Manuel B. Morales, María José Pérez Álvarez, Miguel Muñoz López, Ruth Rodríguez-Pastor, Juan José Luque-Larena
Rodent populations often undergo large, regular fluctuations. We studied immunological condition and physiological stress in the common vole and how it varied with environmental factors linked with population fluctuations, namely flea and Francisella tularensis (the bacterium causing tularemia) prevalence. We used two leukocyte indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N:L) and proportion of eosinophils, as physiological long-term stress indicators, and measured levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) as a generic index of immunological condition. Leukocyte indices showed a hump-shaped relationship with Ig levels, consistent with an interdependence between physiological stress and immunological condition. N:L was negatively associated with vole density only in males. Eosinophil proportion was explained by the interaction between flea burden and tularemia prevalence, with highest levels in flea-infested voles also infected with tularemia. Ig levels did not vary with sex or flea prevalence but increased in tularemia-infected voles. When Ig levels were included as covariates in our models, the associations between leukocyte indices and environmental factors remained significant. Results suggest sex-specific associations between physiological stress and population density, and an influence of tularemia infection depending on ectoparasite load. We recommend using immunological parameters complementarily to leukocyte indices when studying physiological stress and infection dynamics in wild populations.
啮齿类动物的种群数量经常会出现有规律的大幅波动。我们研究了普通田鼠的免疫状况和生理压力,以及它如何随与种群波动相关的环境因素(即跳蚤和土拉菌病(引起土拉菌病的细菌)的流行)而变化。我们使用中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(N:L)和嗜酸性粒细胞比例这两个白细胞指数作为长期生理压力指标,并测量免疫球蛋白(Ig)水平作为免疫状况的通用指标。白细胞指数与 Ig 水平呈驼峰形关系,这与生理压力和免疫状况之间的相互依存关系一致。只有雄性田鼠的 N:L 与田鼠密度呈负相关。嗜酸性粒细胞比例可通过跳蚤负担与土拉菌病流行率之间的相互作用来解释,跳蚤肆虐的田鼠同时也感染了土拉菌病,其嗜酸性粒细胞比例最高。Ig水平不随性别或跳蚤流行率变化,但在感染了土拉菌病的田鼠中会增加。将 Ig 水平作为协变量纳入模型后,白细胞指数与环境因素之间的关系仍然显著。研究结果表明,生理压力与种群密度之间存在性别差异,而土拉雷病毒感染的影响则取决于外寄生虫的数量。我们建议在研究野生种群的生理压力和感染动态时,使用免疫学参数作为白细胞指数的补充。
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引用次数: 0
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