In the early 1930s, the trained beautician Charlotte Meentzen founded a company in Dresden based on naturopathy with the three pillars of a cosmetics institute, production and school. The foundation, financed by her father Theodor Meentzen, a professional speaker and publicist as well as trade union and SPD member, took place at a time of upheaval that affected the prevailing image of women as well as economic and political conditions. Charlotte Meentzen and her sister Gertrud, who joined the company early on, belonged to a close circle of professional women who ventured into self-employment in an industry that was still controversial at the time. The essay focuses on Charlotte Meentzen as a person, the circumstances surrounding the founding of the company in terms of female entrepreneurship, the cosmetics industry in general and natural cosmetics in particular against the backdrop of the final years of the Weimar Republic and the Nazi era in the Saxon metropolis. At the time, Dresden was considered a stronghold of naturopathy and was proclaimed the «Stadt der Volksgesundheit» («City of Public Health») under the Nazi regime. Using (advertising) examples such as the guide published by Meentzen in 1941, «Heilkräfte im Dienste der Schönheit» («Healing powers in the service of beauty»), the actions of the company management between adaptation and self-assertion become clear. This applied not least to the years of reconstruction in the Soviet occupation zone and the GDR, whereby the sisters always remained true to their convictions regarding individual health and beauty on the basis of natural remedies.
20 世纪 30 年代初，训练有素的美容师夏洛特-迈恩岑（Charlotte Meentzen）在德累斯顿成立了一家以自然疗法为基础的公司，该公司由化妆品研究所、生产和学校三大支柱组成。该公司由她的父亲西奥多-迈恩岑（Theodor Meentzen，职业演说家、公关、工会和社民党成员）出资创办，当时正值动荡时期，妇女的主流形象以及经济和政治条件都受到了影响。夏洛特-迈特森和她的姐姐格特鲁德很早就加入了公司，她们属于一个亲密的职业女性圈子，在当时仍有争议的行业中冒险从事个体经营。文章以魏玛共和国末年和萨克森大都市的纳粹时代为背景，重点介绍了夏洛特-梅恩岑的个人经历、公司成立时的女性创业环境、整个化妆品行业，尤其是天然化妆品。当时，德累斯顿被认为是自然疗法的大本营，并在纳粹政权下被宣布为 "公众健康之城"（Stadt der Volksgesundheit）。以 Meentzen 于 1941 年出版的指南 "Heilkräfte im Dienste der Schönheit"（"为美丽服务的治疗力量"）为例，公司管理层在适应和自我主张之间的行动就很明显了。尤其是在苏联占领区和民主德国的重建时期，姐妹们始终坚持以自然疗法为基础的个人健康和美容理念。
{"title":"Charlotte Meentzen – Einblicke in ein Dresdner Naturkosmetik-Unternehmen der 30er und 40er Jahre","authors":"Alexandra-Kathrin Stanislaw-Kemenah","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the early 1930s, the trained beautician Charlotte Meentzen founded a company in Dresden based on naturopathy with the three pillars of a cosmetics institute, production and school. The foundation, financed by her father Theodor Meentzen, a professional speaker and publicist as well as trade union and SPD member, took place at a time of upheaval that affected the prevailing image of women as well as economic and political conditions. Charlotte Meentzen and her sister Gertrud, who joined the company early on, belonged to a close circle of professional women who ventured into self-employment in an industry that was still controversial at the time. The essay focuses on Charlotte Meentzen as a person, the circumstances surrounding the founding of the company in terms of female entrepreneurship, the cosmetics industry in general and natural cosmetics in particular against the backdrop of the final years of the Weimar Republic and the Nazi era in the Saxon metropolis. At the time, Dresden was considered a stronghold of naturopathy and was proclaimed the «Stadt der Volksgesundheit» («City of Public Health») under the Nazi regime. Using (advertising) examples such as the guide published by Meentzen in 1941, «Heilkräfte im Dienste der Schönheit» («Healing powers in the service of beauty»), the actions of the company management between adaptation and self-assertion become clear. This applied not least to the years of reconstruction in the Soviet occupation zone and the GDR, whereby the sisters always remained true to their convictions regarding individual health and beauty on the basis of natural remedies.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ghassan Moazzin, Foreign Banks and Global Finance in Modern China. Banking on the Chinese Frontier, 1870–1919, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2022, 334 S., $ 99,99.","authors":"Friederike Sattler","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geoffrey Jones, Deeply Responsible Business. A Global History of Values-Driven Leadership, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 2023, 431 S., € 34,95.","authors":"Hartmut Berghoff","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among German private inventors, former Federal Chancellor Dr. Konrad Adenauer is a peculiar case. Despite his (few) successful patents and his fame as a politician, hardly any aspects of his inventive activity have been studied scientifically so far. His correspondence with several patent attorneys lends itself to the following question: What functions could patent attorneys fulfil for private inventors in the first half of the 20th century? Using Adenauer as an example for this, it will be examined which roles his patent attorneys played for him and what added value resulted for Adenauer.
{"title":"Korrespondenzen mit Konrad Adenauer – ein Erfinder und seine Patentanwälte","authors":"Finni Jo Erdmann","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Among German private inventors, former Federal Chancellor Dr. Konrad Adenauer is a peculiar case. Despite his (few) successful patents and his fame as a politician, hardly any aspects of his inventive activity have been studied scientifically so far. His correspondence with several patent attorneys lends itself to the following question: What functions could patent attorneys fulfil for private inventors in the first half of the 20th century? Using Adenauer as an example for this, it will be examined which roles his patent attorneys played for him and what added value resulted for Adenauer.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Der Frankfurter «Auschwitz-Prozess», Peter Weiss und die I.G. Farben-Nachfolgefirmen","authors":"S. Lindner","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The long-term orientation of family businesses is particularly evident in crises. The example of the Gebrüder Bethmann bank in Frankfurt am Main, whose state of crisis began during the First World War and continued almost uninterrupted until the 50s, shows how far business families are prepared to go. The essay traces the developments and shows the measures taken by the bank and the banking family to counter the crises and their consequences. It shows that Baron Moritz von Bethmann made himself an instrument of the National Socialists and implemented their policies in associations, societies and companies – particularly with regard to the ousting of Jews from German economic and social life. However, his political role did not help him to run his business more successfully or to preserve his family property. In order to at least preserve Bankhaus Gebr. Bethmann – already almost 200 years old at the time – for the family, he sacrificed almost all of the real estate and land owned by the von Bethmann family. Despite this high price, the bank remained in the family for only one more generation.
{"title":"Das unwahrscheinliche Überleben des Bankhauses Gebr. Bethmann, 1919 bis 1948","authors":"Andrea H. Schneider-Braunberger","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The long-term orientation of family businesses is particularly evident in crises. The example of the Gebrüder Bethmann bank in Frankfurt am Main, whose state of crisis began during the First World War and continued almost uninterrupted until the 50s, shows how far business families are prepared to go. The essay traces the developments and shows the measures taken by the bank and the banking family to counter the crises and their consequences. It shows that Baron Moritz von Bethmann made himself an instrument of the National Socialists and implemented their policies in associations, societies and companies – particularly with regard to the ousting of Jews from German economic and social life. However, his political role did not help him to run his business more successfully or to preserve his family property. In order to at least preserve Bankhaus Gebr. Bethmann – already almost 200 years old at the time – for the family, he sacrificed almost all of the real estate and land owned by the von Bethmann family. Despite this high price, the bank remained in the family for only one more generation.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zur Rezension in der Geschäftsstelle eingegangene Bücher","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lars Bluma/Michael Farrenkopf/Torsten Meyer,\u0000 Boom – Crisis – Heritage. King Coal and the Energy Revolutions after 1945, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin/Boston 2022, 306 S., € 69,95.","authors":"Martin Baumert","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"50 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alina Marktanner, Behördenconsulting. Unternehmensberater in der öffentlichen Verwaltung der Bundesrepublik, 1970er- bis 2000er-Jahre, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin/Boston 2023, 241 S., € 59,95.","authors":"W. Bührer","doi":"10.1515/zug-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the example of the German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, VDMA), this paper examines the viability of corporate history approaches in the history of the associations. The VDMA, one of the largest trade associations in the Federal Republic of Germany, faced increasing criticism from its member companies in the late 60s. The complex organisation, which had to reconcile the interests of some three dozen branches of industry and various regional groups, was considered inefficient and lacking in profile. The reaction was to launch a reform programme with rationalisation measures, a modern image policy and an expansion of the range of services on offer that showed certain traits of entrepreneurial behaviour. At the same time, the dues system was reformed, but the introduction of a splitting of the dues to the association’s headquarters and the branches was dispensed in order not to endanger the cohesion of interests. Both areas of reform thus demonstrate the imits of entrepreneurial logic in the organisation of an association.
本文以德国机械设备工程协会 (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, VDMA) 为例，探讨了企业史方法在协会历史中的可行性。德国机械设备制造业联合会（VDMA）是德意志联邦共和国最大的行业协会之一，在上世纪 60 年代末面临着来自会员公司越来越多的批评。这个复杂的组织必须协调三十多个行业分支和不同地区团体的利益，被认为效率低下，缺乏形象。于是，该组织启动了一项改革计划，采取了合理化措施，制定了现代形象政策，并扩大了服务范围，表现出一定的企业行为特征。与此同时，还对会费制度进行了改革，但为了不危及利益的凝聚力，取消了对协会总部和分支机构的会费进行分割的做法。因此，这两个领域的改革都体现了社团组织中的企业逻辑。
{"title":"Vom Verein zum Unternehmen?","authors":"R. Ahrens","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the example of the German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, VDMA), this paper examines the viability of corporate history approaches in the history of the associations. The VDMA, one of the largest trade associations in the Federal Republic of Germany, faced increasing criticism from its member companies in the late 60s. The complex organisation, which had to reconcile the interests of some three dozen branches of industry and various regional groups, was considered inefficient and lacking in profile. The reaction was to launch a reform programme with rationalisation measures, a modern image policy and an expansion of the range of services on offer that showed certain traits of entrepreneurial behaviour. At the same time, the dues system was reformed, but the introduction of a splitting of the dues to the association’s headquarters and the branches was dispensed in order not to endanger the cohesion of interests. Both areas of reform thus demonstrate the imits of entrepreneurial logic in the organisation of an association.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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