Abstract In the 20s and 30s German and French representatives of entrepreneurial interests often changed from the civil service to the management of business associations. In their new function, they were responsible for bringing their members’ interests to a common ground. In this context, they claimed to speak on behalf of the overall national economic cause. This strategy was due to the attempt to legitimize their coordination efforts through symbolic capital that lent itself to the justification of state officials. However, their proposals often met with resistance by members. In practice, their claim to represent the overall national economic interest only became effective as soon as their role was legitimized by the state. Such a situation emerged during the Great Depression when Franco-German economic relations were being renegotiated. Ironically, the actions of former state officials in the service of the private sector thus gained power precisely when the delegation of economic diplomatic tasks to business representatives tended to erase the boundary between state and economy.
{"title":"Universalitätsansprüche<b> – Verbandsvertreter in der deutsch-französischen Wirtschaftsdiplomatie der 20er und frühen 30er Jahre</b>","authors":"Philipp Müller","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 20s and 30s German and French representatives of entrepreneurial interests often changed from the civil service to the management of business associations. In their new function, they were responsible for bringing their members’ interests to a common ground. In this context, they claimed to speak on behalf of the overall national economic cause. This strategy was due to the attempt to legitimize their coordination efforts through symbolic capital that lent itself to the justification of state officials. However, their proposals often met with resistance by members. In practice, their claim to represent the overall national economic interest only became effective as soon as their role was legitimized by the state. Such a situation emerged during the Great Depression when Franco-German economic relations were being renegotiated. Ironically, the actions of former state officials in the service of the private sector thus gained power precisely when the delegation of economic diplomatic tasks to business representatives tended to erase the boundary between state and economy.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Revolving door dynamics are pervasive in the United States. There are vast literatures on the revolving door and on Donald Trump, but so far, no attempts to bring these literatures together. This paper represents a first attempt to do so and answer the following questions: Can Trump’s rise be understood as a culmination of revolving door dynamics, under which managers become politicians and politicians become lobbyists? What motivated Trump to revolve, and how has Trump’s presidency affected the revolving door? The paper places Trump into the context of the revolving door and compares him with previous presidents and presidential candidates. In recent decades, revolving door activity has increased. While this suggests that the revolving door paved the way for Trump, a close examination of the evidence reveals a more complex picture. Many American businesspeople have unsuccessfully run for president. Like the businessmen-turned-presidents who preceded him, Trump is a family businessman, not a manager or a CEO of a listed company. A multitude of additional factors contributed to Trump’s 2016 win including his status as a reality TV celebrity, his charisma, and his right-wing populism: Trump is from business but not from the business establishment. In addition, Trump revolved from business into politics, rather than from Capitol Hill to K Street. Candidate Trump railed against the revolving door and pledged to drain the swamp. President Trump swamped the drain and precipitated one of the most serious crises and threats to American democracy in the country’s history.
{"title":"Donald Trump<b>, anti-establishment populism and the revolving door between business and politics in the United States</b>","authors":"Daniel Kinderman","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Revolving door dynamics are pervasive in the United States. There are vast literatures on the revolving door and on Donald Trump, but so far, no attempts to bring these literatures together. This paper represents a first attempt to do so and answer the following questions: Can Trump’s rise be understood as a culmination of revolving door dynamics, under which managers become politicians and politicians become lobbyists? What motivated Trump to revolve, and how has Trump’s presidency affected the revolving door? The paper places Trump into the context of the revolving door and compares him with previous presidents and presidential candidates. In recent decades, revolving door activity has increased. While this suggests that the revolving door paved the way for Trump, a close examination of the evidence reveals a more complex picture. Many American businesspeople have unsuccessfully run for president. Like the businessmen-turned-presidents who preceded him, Trump is a family businessman, not a manager or a CEO of a listed company. A multitude of additional factors contributed to Trump’s 2016 win including his status as a reality TV celebrity, his charisma, and his right-wing populism: Trump is from business but not from the business establishment. In addition, Trump revolved from business into politics, rather than from Capitol Hill to K Street. Candidate Trump railed against the revolving door and pledged to drain the swamp. President Trump swamped the drain and precipitated one of the most serious crises and threats to American democracy in the country’s history.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<b>Joachim Scholtyseck</b>, <i>Die National-Bank. Von der Bank der christlichen Gewerkschaften zur Mittelstandsbank, 1921–2021</i>, C.H. Beck, München 2021, 464 S., € 39,95.","authors":"Benedikt Brunner","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ernst Wolf Mommsen (1910–1979) was one of the best-known steel managers of the old German Federal Republic. In 1970 he was recruited as an under-secretary of state by the Federal Ministry of Defence with responsibility for armaments and procurement and returned to industry in 1973 as Chairman of Friedrich Krupp GmbH. Based on extensive archival research, the article examines the background to this twofold switch through the «revolving door». The focus is on the question of whether Mommsen’s entrepreneurial activity could be used successfully in the state administration. Furthermore, the meaning of this revolving door phenomenon with respect to the entanglement of politics and industry in the German Federal Republic of the 70s will be discussed.
恩斯特·沃尔夫·蒙森(Ernst Wolf Mommsen, 1910-1979)是前德意志联邦共和国最著名的钢铁经理人之一。1970年，他被联邦国防部聘为负责军备和采购的副国务卿，并于1973年回到工业界担任Friedrich Krupp GmbH的董事长。基于广泛的档案研究，本文通过“旋转门”考察了这种双重转换的背景。人们关注的焦点是，蒙森的创业活动能否成功地应用于国家行政管理。此外，将讨论这种旋转门现象在70年代德意志联邦共和国政治和工业纠缠方面的意义。
{"title":"Vom Röhren-Manager zum Verteidigungs-Staatssekretär und zurück: Der mehrfache Seitenwechsel von Ernst Wolf Mommsen","authors":"Jan-Otmar Hesse","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ernst Wolf Mommsen (1910–1979) was one of the best-known steel managers of the old German Federal Republic. In 1970 he was recruited as an under-secretary of state by the Federal Ministry of Defence with responsibility for armaments and procurement and returned to industry in 1973 as Chairman of Friedrich Krupp GmbH. Based on extensive archival research, the article examines the background to this twofold switch through the «revolving door». The focus is on the question of whether Mommsen’s entrepreneurial activity could be used successfully in the state administration. Furthermore, the meaning of this revolving door phenomenon with respect to the entanglement of politics and industry in the German Federal Republic of the 70s will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
«Seitenwechsel» war das Schlagwort, mit dem Bundesinnenminister Otto Schily Anfang 2004 ein «Austauschprogramm der Bundesregierung» ankündigte, das er mit Tessen von Heydebreck, Vorstandsmitglied der Deutschen Bank, vereinbart hatte. Aus den ansonsten «abgeschlossenen» Bereichen von Wirtschaft und Politik sollten Führungskräfte eine Zeit lang im jeweils anderen Gesellschaftssystem tätig werden, um das gegenseitige Verständnis für die besondere Problematik in beiden Bereichen zu verbessern. Die Initiative ist von Sascha Adamek und Kim Otto als eine bedenkliche Ausweitung des Einflusses von politischem «Lobbyismus» bewertet worden, als Übergang zu einem «gekauften Staat». Dabei diente den Investigativjournalisten ausgerechnet eine Aussage des BDI-Hauptgeschäftsführers Siegfried Mann, die Wirtschaft lege großen Wert auf ihre Autonomie, als Grundlage für die Behauptung, dass es vor 2004 substanziell anders gewesen wäre.1 Dass Mann selbst vor seiner Tätigkeit für den BDI Staatssekretär im Bundesministerium der Verteidigung gewesen war, war den Journalisten offenbar genauso verborgen geblieben, wie viele spektakuläre Seitenwechsel in der deutschen Wirtschaftsgeschichte: Bundeswirtschaftsminister Hans Friderichs wechselte 1977 an die Spitze der Dresdner Bank, sein Staatssekretär Detlef Carsten Rohwedder 1979 an die Spitze der Hoesch AG und Ernst Albrecht, später niedersächsischer Ministerpräsident, hatte Anfang der 1970er Jahre ein berufliches «Doppelleben» als stellvertretender Geschäftsführer von Bahlsen und Mitglied des niedersächsischen Landtags geführt. Seitdem sind viele Seitenwechsel von Politikern in die Wirtschaft und (seltener) von Unternehmern in die Politik dazugekommen – auch der von Otto Schily.
{"title":"«Seitenwechsel» – Unternehmer in der Politik und Politiker in der Wirtschaft. Eine Einleitung","authors":"Jan-Otmar Hesse, Alexander Nützenadel","doi":"10.1515/zug-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"«Seitenwechsel» war das Schlagwort, mit dem Bundesinnenminister Otto Schily Anfang 2004 ein «Austauschprogramm der Bundesregierung» ankündigte, das er mit Tessen von Heydebreck, Vorstandsmitglied der Deutschen Bank, vereinbart hatte. Aus den ansonsten «abgeschlossenen» Bereichen von Wirtschaft und Politik sollten Führungskräfte eine Zeit lang im jeweils anderen Gesellschaftssystem tätig werden, um das gegenseitige Verständnis für die besondere Problematik in beiden Bereichen zu verbessern. Die Initiative ist von Sascha Adamek und Kim Otto als eine bedenkliche Ausweitung des Einflusses von politischem «Lobbyismus» bewertet worden, als Übergang zu einem «gekauften Staat». Dabei diente den Investigativjournalisten ausgerechnet eine Aussage des BDI-Hauptgeschäftsführers Siegfried Mann, die Wirtschaft lege großen Wert auf ihre Autonomie, als Grundlage für die Behauptung, dass es vor 2004 substanziell anders gewesen wäre.1 Dass Mann selbst vor seiner Tätigkeit für den BDI Staatssekretär im Bundesministerium der Verteidigung gewesen war, war den Journalisten offenbar genauso verborgen geblieben, wie viele spektakuläre Seitenwechsel in der deutschen Wirtschaftsgeschichte: Bundeswirtschaftsminister Hans Friderichs wechselte 1977 an die Spitze der Dresdner Bank, sein Staatssekretär Detlef Carsten Rohwedder 1979 an die Spitze der Hoesch AG und Ernst Albrecht, später niedersächsischer Ministerpräsident, hatte Anfang der 1970er Jahre ein berufliches «Doppelleben» als stellvertretender Geschäftsführer von Bahlsen und Mitglied des niedersächsischen Landtags geführt. Seitdem sind viele Seitenwechsel von Politikern in die Wirtschaft und (seltener) von Unternehmern in die Politik dazugekommen – auch der von Otto Schily.","PeriodicalId":499161,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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