Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2886
F. M. Ulloa-Stanojlovic, Romina Caballero-Celli, Carlos Smith, Muriel María Gómez-Sánchez Orezzoli
The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a highly pathogenic virus that affects the aquaculture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and can cause mortality rates that exceed 90% in the juvenile stage. This study aims to know the distribution and frequency of IPNV presentation in trout production farms in the seven main producing states of the species in Peru. Prevalence values of IPNV have been identified in the states of Cusco (4.05%), Puno (3.81%), and Huancavelica (0.23%). These results showed the distribution and epidemiology of the IPNV that, until 2019, was absent in the country. Likewise, it represents the need to implement prevention and control measures against the virus to reduce the risk of dissemination to free states of IPNV. Finally, improving sanitary management against IPNV reduces its economic and productive impact on rainbow trout aquaculture in Peru.
{"title":"Distribution and epidemiology of the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Peru","authors":"F. M. Ulloa-Stanojlovic, Romina Caballero-Celli, Carlos Smith, Muriel María Gómez-Sánchez Orezzoli","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2886","url":null,"abstract":"The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a highly pathogenic virus that affects the aquaculture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and can cause mortality rates that exceed 90% in the juvenile stage. This study aims to know the distribution and frequency of IPNV presentation in trout production farms in the seven main producing states of the species in Peru. Prevalence values of IPNV have been identified in the states of Cusco (4.05%), Puno (3.81%), and Huancavelica (0.23%). These results showed the distribution and epidemiology of the IPNV that, until 2019, was absent in the country. Likewise, it represents the need to implement prevention and control measures against the virus to reduce the risk of dissemination to free states of IPNV. Finally, improving sanitary management against IPNV reduces its economic and productive impact on rainbow trout aquaculture in Peru.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43699673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2879
A. Mujica, M. L. Nava, Francisco Leiva-Dietz
The presence of juvenile Branchiostoma elongatum captured in plankton samples from the north-central coast of Chile during February-March of consecutive years (2013-2020) is described. Its low abundance showed interannual variation as well as its frequency of occurrence. Its geographical distribution was preferably coastal. It covered the entire sampling area (1-20 nm from the coast) longitudinally, and specimens were captured between the extreme north of the sampling area and 30°20’S. The lowest abundances were found in years of negative thermal anomalies (2017-2018) and the highest mainly in neutral conditions (2013-2015).
{"title":"On the presence of Branchiostoma elongatum juveniles (Cephalochordata: Branchiostomatidae) on the north-central coast of Chile","authors":"A. Mujica, M. L. Nava, Francisco Leiva-Dietz","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2879","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of juvenile Branchiostoma elongatum captured in plankton samples from the north-central coast of Chile during February-March of consecutive years (2013-2020) is described. Its low abundance showed interannual variation as well as its frequency of occurrence. Its geographical distribution was preferably coastal. It covered the entire sampling area (1-20 nm from the coast) longitudinally, and specimens were captured between the extreme north of the sampling area and 30°20’S. The lowest abundances were found in years of negative thermal anomalies (2017-2018) and the highest mainly in neutral conditions (2013-2015).","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46510210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2782
Eliana Alfaro-Cordova, Clara Ortiz-Alvarez, J. Alfaro‐Shigueto, Jeffrey C. Mangel, Oscar García, X. Vélez-Zuazo
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a powerful tool for assessing biodiversity in different environments and may be a complementary method compared to traditional methods to assess biodiversity. We tested eDNA as a complementary tool to assess marine biodiversity at Lobos de Afuera islands (ILA) in Peru. Nine water samples were collected from three sites within ILA using a commercial eDNA kit and then analyzed using vertebrate, teleost, and marine mammal primers targeting the 12S rRNA gene. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified at order, family, genus, and species levels were compared to baseline reports obtained through visual survey methods. Compared with traditional methods, eDNA assays identified 26% fewer species. However, it was a cost-effective method due to the higher number of identified bony fish species per sampling unit. The eDNA assays provided a broader representation of higher taxonomic levels (order, family, and genus), with a higher sensitivity for bony fish than the traditional methods used. Also, the same numbers of orders and families reported by visual assessments were detected with eDNA. Our study shows practical implications for using eDNA for biota assessments in remote and isolated areas. Future efforts should aim to catalog the biodiversity from inaccessible places using eDNA-methods.
环境DNA (Environmental DNA, eDNA)已成为评估不同环境下生物多样性的有力工具，可作为传统生物多样性评估方法的补充。我们在秘鲁Lobos de Afuera群岛(ILA)测试了eDNA作为评估海洋生物多样性的补充工具。使用商业eDNA试剂盒从ILA的三个地点收集了9个水样，然后使用针对12S rRNA基因的脊椎动物，硬骨鱼和海洋哺乳动物引物进行分析。在目、科、属和种水平分类的操作分类单位(OTUs)与通过目测方法获得的基线报告进行了比较。与传统方法相比，eDNA方法鉴定的物种数量减少了26%。然而，由于每个采样单位鉴定的硬骨鱼种类较多，因此这是一种具有成本效益的方法。eDNA分析提供了更高的分类水平(目、科和属)的更广泛的代表，对硬骨鱼的敏感性高于传统方法。此外，目视评估报告的相同数量的目和科被检测到eDNA。我们的研究显示了在偏远和偏远地区使用eDNA进行生物区系评估的实际意义。未来的工作应着眼于利用edna方法对难以到达的地方的生物多样性进行编目。
{"title":"What lies beneath? Revealing biodiversity through eDNA analysis in Lobos de Afuera Islands, Peru","authors":"Eliana Alfaro-Cordova, Clara Ortiz-Alvarez, J. Alfaro‐Shigueto, Jeffrey C. Mangel, Oscar García, X. Vélez-Zuazo","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2782","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a powerful tool for assessing biodiversity in different environments and may be a complementary method compared to traditional methods to assess biodiversity. We tested eDNA as a complementary tool to assess marine biodiversity at Lobos de Afuera islands (ILA) in Peru. Nine water samples were collected from three sites within ILA using a commercial eDNA kit and then analyzed using vertebrate, teleost, and marine mammal primers targeting the 12S rRNA gene. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified at order, family, genus, and species levels were compared to baseline reports obtained through visual survey methods. Compared with traditional methods, eDNA assays identified 26% fewer species. However, it was a cost-effective method due to the higher number of identified bony fish species per sampling unit. The eDNA assays provided a broader representation of higher taxonomic levels (order, family, and genus), with a higher sensitivity for bony fish than the traditional methods used. Also, the same numbers of orders and families reported by visual assessments were detected with eDNA. Our study shows practical implications for using eDNA for biota assessments in remote and isolated areas. Future efforts should aim to catalog the biodiversity from inaccessible places using eDNA-methods.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42579281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2903
Gitonilson Antônio Moreira Tosta, C. Muramoto, Silene Duarte Costa de Medeiros, Ricardo Castelo Branco Albinati, Bruno Silva Olier, E. G. Sanches
The production of fingerlings on a large scale is one of the biggest challenges for grouper aquaculture development. Groupers may be more susceptible to skeletal anomalies due to their complex skeleton formation ontogenesis. Such anomalies are normally associated with inadequate larviculture protocols for marine fish. The present study aimed to record the occurrence of skeletal anomalies in dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus. Different degrees of kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis were identified. After the larviculture period (60 days), 42% of the dusky grouper presented skeletal anomalies. Therefore, we have concluded that the current protocol for the dusky grouper larviculture must be re-examined, especially to determine a more appropriate water flow in the tanks.
{"title":"Skeletal anomalies in dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus larviculture","authors":"Gitonilson Antônio Moreira Tosta, C. Muramoto, Silene Duarte Costa de Medeiros, Ricardo Castelo Branco Albinati, Bruno Silva Olier, E. G. Sanches","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2903","url":null,"abstract":"The production of fingerlings on a large scale is one of the biggest challenges for grouper aquaculture development. Groupers may be more susceptible to skeletal anomalies due to their complex skeleton formation ontogenesis. Such anomalies are normally associated with inadequate larviculture protocols for marine fish. The present study aimed to record the occurrence of skeletal anomalies in dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus. Different degrees of kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis were identified. After the larviculture period (60 days), 42% of the dusky grouper presented skeletal anomalies. Therefore, we have concluded that the current protocol for the dusky grouper larviculture must be re-examined, especially to determine a more appropriate water flow in the tanks.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2902
V. Takatsuka, Venâncio Guedes De Azevedo, B. L. Maganhe, L. O. Camilo, E. G. Sanches
The isopods of the family Cymothoidae are ectoparasites crustaceans that infest a wide variety of saltwater fish. This paper documented the first occurrence of Nerocila acuminata (Schiödte & Meinert, 1881) parasitizing the shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Rhinobatiformes, Rhinobatidae) in the southern Atlantic Ocean. This report can be an available tool to create a parasitology database for a species of conservation interest. It will also provide scientific data that can help the understanding of the biological factors acting in healthy populations and thus support the efforts made to preserve and conserve the species.
{"title":"Occurrence of Nerocila acuminata (Schiödte & Meinert, 1881) (Crustacea, Cymothoidae) parasitic on the shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris (Rhinobatiformes, Rhinobatidae) off Brazil","authors":"V. Takatsuka, Venâncio Guedes De Azevedo, B. L. Maganhe, L. O. Camilo, E. G. Sanches","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2902","url":null,"abstract":"The isopods of the family Cymothoidae are ectoparasites crustaceans that infest a wide variety of saltwater fish. This paper documented the first occurrence of Nerocila acuminata (Schiödte & Meinert, 1881) parasitizing the shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Rhinobatiformes, Rhinobatidae) in the southern Atlantic Ocean. This report can be an available tool to create a parasitology database for a species of conservation interest. It will also provide scientific data that can help the understanding of the biological factors acting in healthy populations and thus support the efforts made to preserve and conserve the species.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2790
J. J. De León-Ramírez, J. F. García-Trejo, Leticia Felix-Cuencas, Samuel López-Tejeida, C. Sosa-Ferreyra, Alexa Ivanna González-Orozco
In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the water exchange rate influences the removal of waste compounds. However, the inappropriate exchange rate favors the presence of stress factors, causing alterations in the cultured organisms. Therefore, the aim was to determine the effect of the water exchange rate in the different productive stages (fingerling, juvenile, and adult) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three exchange rates were used: rates of 1.2 (T1), 2.8 (T2), and 5.3 (T3) tank volume h-1. The following were established as response variables: growth rate (GR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion rate, protein efficiency, and condition factor. Likewise, cortisol and glucose concentrations were established as explanatory variables. The results suggest that in the fingerling stage, the T2 treatment contributes most to the productive performance (GR = 40.24 g and SR = 95%), keeping low levels of cortisol and glucose (6.76 ng mL-1 and 33.73 mg dL-1). In the juvenile stage, T3 treatment shows the best result both in productive performance (GR = 117.69 g and SR = 90%) and in cortisol and glucose concentrations (35.13 ng mL-1 and 70.67 mg dL-1). Finally, all treatments present cortisol and glucose levels above the normal range in the adult stage, T1, where the highest productive performance is presented (GR = 90.06 g and SR = 95%). The information leads us to consider the variation in the exchange rate in a RAS through the different stages of the Nile tilapia to maintain the favorable conditions that lead to the highest performance.
在循环水产养殖系统（RAS）中，水交换率影响废物化合物的去除。然而，不适当的汇率有利于压力因素的存在，导致培养的生物体发生变化。因此，目的是确定尼罗河罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）不同生产阶段（幼鱼、幼鱼和成年鱼）的水交换率的影响。使用了三种交换速率：1.2（T1）、2.8（T2）和5.3（T3）罐体积h-1的速率。以下被确定为反应变量：生长率（GR）、存活率（SR）、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和条件因子。同样，皮质醇和葡萄糖浓度被确定为解释变量。结果表明，在手指阶段，T2治疗对生产性能的贡献最大（GR=40.24 g，SR=95%），保持皮质醇和葡萄糖的低水平（6.76 ng mL-1和33.73 mg dL-1）。在幼年期，T3治疗在生产性能（GR=117.69 g，SR=90%）和皮质醇和葡萄糖浓度（35.13 ng mL-1和70.67 mg dL-1）方面表现出最佳效果。最后，在成年期T1，所有治疗的皮质醇和葡萄糖水平都高于正常范围，其中表现出最高的生产性能（GR=90.06 g，SR=95%）。这些信息使我们考虑到在尼罗河罗非鱼的不同阶段，RAS中汇率的变化，以保持最佳性能的有利条件。
{"title":"Effect of the water exchange rate in a recirculation aquaculture system on growth, glucose and cortisol levels in Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"J. J. De León-Ramírez, J. F. García-Trejo, Leticia Felix-Cuencas, Samuel López-Tejeida, C. Sosa-Ferreyra, Alexa Ivanna González-Orozco","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2790","url":null,"abstract":"In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the water exchange rate influences the removal of waste compounds. However, the inappropriate exchange rate favors the presence of stress factors, causing alterations in the cultured organisms. Therefore, the aim was to determine the effect of the water exchange rate in the different productive stages (fingerling, juvenile, and adult) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three exchange rates were used: rates of 1.2 (T1), 2.8 (T2), and 5.3 (T3) tank volume h-1. The following were established as response variables: growth rate (GR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion rate, protein efficiency, and condition factor. Likewise, cortisol and glucose concentrations were established as explanatory variables. The results suggest that in the fingerling stage, the T2 treatment contributes most to the productive performance (GR = 40.24 g and SR = 95%), keeping low levels of cortisol and glucose (6.76 ng mL-1 and 33.73 mg dL-1). In the juvenile stage, T3 treatment shows the best result both in productive performance (GR = 117.69 g and SR = 90%) and in cortisol and glucose concentrations (35.13 ng mL-1 and 70.67 mg dL-1). Finally, all treatments present cortisol and glucose levels above the normal range in the adult stage, T1, where the highest productive performance is presented (GR = 90.06 g and SR = 95%). The information leads us to consider the variation in the exchange rate in a RAS through the different stages of the Nile tilapia to maintain the favorable conditions that lead to the highest performance.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2786
L. Martínez-Cárdenas, Miriam I. Hernandez-Cortez, M. Castañeda-Chávez, F. Lango-Reynoso, Edna F. Valdez Hernandez, J. Ponce‐Palafox, D. Espinosa-Chaurand, C. Álvarez‐González
The present study aimed to test the effect of three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D100, D200, and D300, respectively) on survival, growth (weight and total length), and condition factor of Microphis brachyurus. At the end of the six-week trial, there were no significant differences in the fish's survival, growth, and condition. The results suggest that this species presents high adaptability under culture conditions. A suboptimal stocking density generates a suboptimal use of infrastructure and decreases the production system's profitability. Based on the present study, a stocking density of 300 ind m-3 is recommended to increase the aquaculture infrastructure's profitability for ornamental or conservation purposes.
本研究旨在测试三种放养密度：100、200和300 ind m-3（分别为D100、D200和D300）对短吻小蠊的存活、生长（重量和总长度）和条件因子的影响。在为期六周的试验结束时，这些鱼的生存、生长和状况没有显著差异。结果表明，该种在培养条件下具有较高的适应性。次优的库存密度会产生对基础设施的次优使用，并降低生产系统的盈利能力。根据目前的研究，建议放养密度为300 ind m-3，以提高水产养殖基础设施的盈利能力，用于观赏或保护目的。
{"title":"Short-tailed pipefish (Microphis brachyurus) juvenile culture: effect of stocking density on growth, survival and condition factor","authors":"L. Martínez-Cárdenas, Miriam I. Hernandez-Cortez, M. Castañeda-Chávez, F. Lango-Reynoso, Edna F. Valdez Hernandez, J. Ponce‐Palafox, D. Espinosa-Chaurand, C. Álvarez‐González","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2786","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to test the effect of three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D100, D200, and D300, respectively) on survival, growth (weight and total length), and condition factor of Microphis brachyurus. At the end of the six-week trial, there were no significant differences in the fish's survival, growth, and condition. The results suggest that this species presents high adaptability under culture conditions. A suboptimal stocking density generates a suboptimal use of infrastructure and decreases the production system's profitability. Based on the present study, a stocking density of 300 ind m-3 is recommended to increase the aquaculture infrastructure's profitability for ornamental or conservation purposes.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2705
Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Genaro Diarte-Plata, Gabriela B. Mendoza-Maldonado, A. Barraza, C. Angulo, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, J. A. Fierro-Coronado, A. Luna-González
Invertebrates' immune defense mechanisms play a critical role in pathogen recognition and elimination. De novo assembly and annotation of the Argopecten ventricosus transcriptome were performed for the immune-related gene identification. Scallops (height: 4.4 cm) were challenged with inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16. The RNA from different tissues was pooled for a single cDNA library construction sequenced by NextSeq 500 platform 2×75 paired‐end chemistry. Before de novo assembling with Trinity, reads were analyzed with FastQC, Trimmomatic, and Prinseq. Assembled sequences were analyzed by CD-HIT-EST and TransDecoder. The corresponding annotation was performed against NCBI-nr, RefSeq protein, and KAAS (KEGG) databases. The Trinity assembly yielded 107,516 contigs. TransDecoder yielded 25,285 sequences as CDSs of which, 16,123 were annotated against the NCBI-nr protein, most of them scored with Crassostrea gigas data. Gene ontology mapped sequences (15,262) were classified in molecular functions (~13,000), cellular components (~11,000), and biological processes (~13,000). The KAAS analysis showed biological categories for metabolism (13%), cellular processes (12%), genetic information processing (10%), organismal systems (19%), environmental information (13%), and human diseases (33 %). Within the organismal systems, 467 immune-related genes (KO) were identified. Sixty-four immune-related genes were annotated/blasted against the NCBI-nr and RefSeq protein databases. An RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the expression level of immune-related genes obtained in the transcriptome analysis in scallops (height 4.5 cm) treated with probiotic bacilli added to culture water. Bacilli significantly increased the expression of the HSP70 and PGRP genes. The gene transcripts analysis of A. ventricosus will better understand its immune response against pathogens in culture systems.
{"title":"De Novo assembly and annotation of the Pacific calico scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) transcriptome for immune-related gene discovery","authors":"Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Genaro Diarte-Plata, Gabriela B. Mendoza-Maldonado, A. Barraza, C. Angulo, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, J. A. Fierro-Coronado, A. Luna-González","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2705","url":null,"abstract":"Invertebrates' immune defense mechanisms play a critical role in pathogen recognition and elimination. De novo assembly and annotation of the Argopecten ventricosus transcriptome were performed for the immune-related gene identification. Scallops (height: 4.4 cm) were challenged with inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16. The RNA from different tissues was pooled for a single cDNA library construction sequenced by NextSeq 500 platform 2×75 paired‐end chemistry. Before de novo assembling with Trinity, reads were analyzed with FastQC, Trimmomatic, and Prinseq. Assembled sequences were analyzed by CD-HIT-EST and TransDecoder. The corresponding annotation was performed against NCBI-nr, RefSeq protein, and KAAS (KEGG) databases. The Trinity assembly yielded 107,516 contigs. TransDecoder yielded 25,285 sequences as CDSs of which, 16,123 were annotated against the NCBI-nr protein, most of them scored with Crassostrea gigas data. Gene ontology mapped sequences (15,262) were classified in molecular functions (~13,000), cellular components (~11,000), and biological processes (~13,000). The KAAS analysis showed biological categories for metabolism (13%), cellular processes (12%), genetic information processing (10%), organismal systems (19%), environmental information (13%), and human diseases (33 %). Within the organismal systems, 467 immune-related genes (KO) were identified. Sixty-four immune-related genes were annotated/blasted against the NCBI-nr and RefSeq protein databases. An RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the expression level of immune-related genes obtained in the transcriptome analysis in scallops (height 4.5 cm) treated with probiotic bacilli added to culture water. Bacilli significantly increased the expression of the HSP70 and PGRP genes. The gene transcripts analysis of A. ventricosus will better understand its immune response against pathogens in culture systems.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47993094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2850
A. Benitez-Hernández, E. Martínez-Montaño, C. Hernández, C. E. Lizárraga-Velázquez, E. Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, G. Gaxiola-Cortez, L. Ibarra-Castro, N. Leyva-López
The effect of diets with varying crude protein-to-precooked cornstarch (P:S) ratios on growth performance, feed efficiency, carbohydrase activity, and blood chemistry of juvenile Lutjanus guttatus was evaluated. Four isoenergetic (19.0 kJ g-1) diets containing different P:S ratios (46:18, 38:30, 34:35, and 31:40) were formulated to feed fish for ten weeks in triplicate. Each diet was tested in triplicate in groups of 35 fish per tank (average body weight 19.4 ± 0.3 g) to apparent satiation three times a day. The weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio obtained with P38S30 and P34S35 were not significantly different vs. P46S18. Survival does not present significant differences among treatments. Biological indices (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and intraperitoneal fat rate) showed no significant differences among treatments. Body protein content decreased significantly with increasing precooked cornstarch concentration, while body lipid levels increased. Blood chemistry values were within those of healthy juveniles, except for glucose values. An increase in pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase blood chemistry values were within those of healthy juveniles, except for glucose values. An increase in pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase levels concomitant with increasing precooked cornstarch concentration showed the capacity of juvenile L. gutattus to digest high precooked cornstarch levels. Growth performance, biological indices, and hematological parameters showed that L. guttatus could digest and metabolize up to 35% of precooked cornstarch through increased plasma glucose levels and the α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Without negative effect on growth performance.
{"title":"The growth performance and metabolic responses of juvenile spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) fed diets with different precooked cornstarch to protein ratio","authors":"A. Benitez-Hernández, E. Martínez-Montaño, C. Hernández, C. E. Lizárraga-Velázquez, E. Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, G. Gaxiola-Cortez, L. Ibarra-Castro, N. Leyva-López","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2850","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of diets with varying crude protein-to-precooked cornstarch (P:S) ratios on growth performance, feed efficiency, carbohydrase activity, and blood chemistry of juvenile Lutjanus guttatus was evaluated. Four isoenergetic (19.0 kJ g-1) diets containing different P:S ratios (46:18, 38:30, 34:35, and 31:40) were formulated to feed fish for ten weeks in triplicate. Each diet was tested in triplicate in groups of 35 fish per tank (average body weight 19.4 ± 0.3 g) to apparent satiation three times a day. The weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio obtained with P38S30 and P34S35 were not significantly different vs. P46S18. Survival does not present significant differences among treatments. Biological indices (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and intraperitoneal fat rate) showed no significant differences among treatments. Body protein content decreased significantly with increasing precooked cornstarch concentration, while body lipid levels increased. Blood chemistry values were within those of healthy juveniles, except for glucose values. An increase in pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase blood chemistry values were within those of healthy juveniles, except for glucose values. An increase in pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase levels concomitant with increasing precooked cornstarch concentration showed the capacity of juvenile L. gutattus to digest high precooked cornstarch levels. Growth performance, biological indices, and hematological parameters showed that L. guttatus could digest and metabolize up to 35% of precooked cornstarch through increased plasma glucose levels and the α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Without negative effect on growth performance.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2840
Wizilla Janti Joshua, M. Kamarudin, N. Ikhsan, F. Md. Yusoff, Z. Zulperi
Inconsistencies in the nutritional values of live food such as Artemia and Moina are well-known issues. The enrichment of live food is necessary to obtain the optimum nutrients needed for the growth, survival, and immune competence of fish and crustaceans' larvae. The enhanced growth and survival of fish and crustaceans' larvae are vital to continuous aquaculture production. However, enriched live food could be species-specific as various aquatic larval species may respond differently to the enrichment diets. The enrichment of Artemia and Moina as the "bags of nutrients" has been widely studied and involved various enrichment diets such as commercial diets containing essential fatty acids, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin C. The use of natural enrichment diets such as yeast, microalgae, and herbal extract, including the common name Chinese chaste tree leaf (Vitex negundo), is becoming popular in aquaculture nutritional development. These natural enrichment diets are more economical and environmentally friendly than commercial diets. The compositions of Artemia and Moina are both affected by the enrichment diets that they consumed, hence directly affecting the growth of the larvae that fed on them. Hence, this review highlights the development of enriched Artemia and Moina and their effects on the growth performance and the immune competence of fish and crustaceans' larvae.
{"title":"Development of enriched Artemia and Moina in larviculture of fish and crustaceans: a review","authors":"Wizilla Janti Joshua, M. Kamarudin, N. Ikhsan, F. Md. Yusoff, Z. Zulperi","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2840","url":null,"abstract":"Inconsistencies in the nutritional values of live food such as Artemia and Moina are well-known issues. The enrichment of live food is necessary to obtain the optimum nutrients needed for the growth, survival, and immune competence of fish and crustaceans' larvae. The enhanced growth and survival of fish and crustaceans' larvae are vital to continuous aquaculture production. However, enriched live food could be species-specific as various aquatic larval species may respond differently to the enrichment diets. The enrichment of Artemia and Moina as the \"bags of nutrients\" has been widely studied and involved various enrichment diets such as commercial diets containing essential fatty acids, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin C. The use of natural enrichment diets such as yeast, microalgae, and herbal extract, including the common name Chinese chaste tree leaf (Vitex negundo), is becoming popular in aquaculture nutritional development. These natural enrichment diets are more economical and environmentally friendly than commercial diets. The compositions of Artemia and Moina are both affected by the enrichment diets that they consumed, hence directly affecting the growth of the larvae that fed on them. Hence, this review highlights the development of enriched Artemia and Moina and their effects on the growth performance and the immune competence of fish and crustaceans' larvae.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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