Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue5-fulltext-2796
A. Delgado-Estrella, L. E. Vázquez-Maldonado, R. Aguilar-Aguilar
Nematodes are among the most common parasites in aquatic mammals. Because of their cuticular covering, these worms are frequently collected from the examination of feces or stranded hosts. This work provides new records of three nematode taxa infecting three different aquatic mammal species (Lontra longicaudis annectens, Trichechus manatus, and Zalophus californianus) in Mexico. Additionally, it brings together all available published records about this country's nematode fauna parasitizing aquatic mammals. The aim is to describe the current state of the art, which sets the basis for the strategic design of future research. Given the diversity of printed sources recording nematode fauna, we gathered literature, including theses and articles in journals profiled in the Journal Citation Reports or similar academic databases. The compiled information shows that 24 nominal nematode taxa have been reported from 11 species of aquatic mammals in Mexico. Our study exhibits irregular patterns of geographic distribution and host spectrum, existing entire marine ecoregions, and numerous host species lacking records.
{"title":"New records of nematodes from three aquatic mammals in Mexico with notes about the nematode fauna recorded in Mexican waters","authors":"A. Delgado-Estrella, L. E. Vázquez-Maldonado, R. Aguilar-Aguilar","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue5-fulltext-2796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue5-fulltext-2796","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodes are among the most common parasites in aquatic mammals. Because of their cuticular covering, these worms are frequently collected from the examination of feces or stranded hosts. This work provides new records of three nematode taxa infecting three different aquatic mammal species (Lontra longicaudis annectens, Trichechus manatus, and Zalophus californianus) in Mexico. Additionally, it brings together all available published records about this country's nematode fauna parasitizing aquatic mammals. The aim is to describe the current state of the art, which sets the basis for the strategic design of future research. Given the diversity of printed sources recording nematode fauna, we gathered literature, including theses and articles in journals profiled in the Journal Citation Reports or similar academic databases. The compiled information shows that 24 nominal nematode taxa have been reported from 11 species of aquatic mammals in Mexico. Our study exhibits irregular patterns of geographic distribution and host spectrum, existing entire marine ecoregions, and numerous host species lacking records.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45615595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2891
Sergio Cházaro-Olvera, Daniela Michel Solorzano-López, Jesús Montoya-Mendoza, M. Castañeda-Chávez, F. Lango-Reynoso
The objective of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the commercial herbicides Karmex® (diuron: DCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and Herbipol® (glyphosate: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) on the megalopae of Callinectes sapidus and measure their relative abundance in the association of larval and postlarval species of crustaceans from the estuary of the Jamapa River, Veracruz. Collections were made overnight using white light traps. Likewise, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and salinity were measured in situ. It was found that the association of larvae and postlarvae consisted of Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. olfersii, Potimirim mexicana, megalopae of C. sapidus and Armases ricordi, and zoeas of Brachyura. In total, 559 and 1057 C. sapidus megalopae were collected in November and March 2019, respectively. Dissolved oxygen was 6 and 7 mg L-1, pH was 7 and 8, the temperature was 26 and 27°C, total dissolved solids were 700 and 1500 ppm, and salinity was 0.70 and 16 in November and March, respectively. Using Probit analysis, a 96 h LC50 of diuron (Karmex®) was 7.69 ± 1.07 mg L-1 in March and 6.64 ± 0.93 mg L-1 in November. The LC50 for glyphosate (Herbipol®) was 247.83 ± 34.54 mg L-1 in March and 288.18 ± 38.66 3 mg L-1 in November. The blue crab C. sapidus is tolerant to a wide range of physicochemical factors; however, it is sensitive in the postlarval stages, like other species of crustaceans, to the herbicides diuron and glyphosate, for which the megalopae can be used in ecotoxicological studies.
{"title":"Acute toxicity of diuron and glyphosate in megalopae of Callinectes sapidus from the Jamapa River Estuary, Veracruz","authors":"Sergio Cházaro-Olvera, Daniela Michel Solorzano-López, Jesús Montoya-Mendoza, M. Castañeda-Chávez, F. Lango-Reynoso","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2891","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the commercial herbicides Karmex® (diuron: DCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and Herbipol® (glyphosate: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) on the megalopae of Callinectes sapidus and measure their relative abundance in the association of larval and postlarval species of crustaceans from the estuary of the Jamapa River, Veracruz. Collections were made overnight using white light traps. Likewise, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and salinity were measured in situ. It was found that the association of larvae and postlarvae consisted of Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. olfersii, Potimirim mexicana, megalopae of C. sapidus and Armases ricordi, and zoeas of Brachyura. In total, 559 and 1057 C. sapidus megalopae were collected in November and March 2019, respectively. Dissolved oxygen was 6 and 7 mg L-1, pH was 7 and 8, the temperature was 26 and 27°C, total dissolved solids were 700 and 1500 ppm, and salinity was 0.70 and 16 in November and March, respectively. Using Probit analysis, a 96 h LC50 of diuron (Karmex®) was 7.69 ± 1.07 mg L-1 in March and 6.64 ± 0.93 mg L-1 in November. The LC50 for glyphosate (Herbipol®) was 247.83 ± 34.54 mg L-1 in March and 288.18 ± 38.66 3 mg L-1 in November. The blue crab C. sapidus is tolerant to a wide range of physicochemical factors; however, it is sensitive in the postlarval stages, like other species of crustaceans, to the herbicides diuron and glyphosate, for which the megalopae can be used in ecotoxicological studies.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46125449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2775
Janette Alejandra Martínez-Vargas, Horacio De la Cueva, M. Liñán-Cabello, Christian D. Ortega‐Ortiz
Research on olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) has emphasized egg-laying females and neonates, using data collected on nesting beaches, but no systematic studies on morphological characteristics by size and sex have been published. This research describes the morphometry of free-living olive ridley sea turtles from coastal and oceanic waters of the Mexican Central Pacific captured and released from 2011 through 2013. A total of 3469 km was surveyed, and 142 sea turtles were evaluated by sex, size class, marine area, and geographic region for nine corporal measurements and their allometric relationships. The average curved carapace length (CCL) was 62.12 cm, range 42-94 cm. Significant differences were found by sex and size class with total tail length (TTL) (♂ = 26.33 cm, ♀ = 12.4 cm); similarly with vent to tail tip length (VTTL) (♂ = 6.38 cm, ♀ = 3.86 cm); and for rear flipper length (RFL) (♂ = 28.17 cm, ♀ = 38.62 cm, immatures = 23.80 cm). Turtles from the coastal region of Colima-Michoacán showed longer CCL = 62.46 cm and wider CW = 66.58 cm. Adult female RFLs showed positive allometry, b = 1.098, suggesting an accelerated growth of the posterior extremities, probably favoring reproductive behaviors, e.g. nest digging and egg-covering. Morphological differences were likely due to ontogenetic sexual distinctions rather than marine area or geographic differences.
{"title":"Morphometry and allometry of free-living olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from the Mexican Central Pacific","authors":"Janette Alejandra Martínez-Vargas, Horacio De la Cueva, M. Liñán-Cabello, Christian D. Ortega‐Ortiz","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2775","url":null,"abstract":"Research on olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) has emphasized egg-laying females and neonates, using data collected on nesting beaches, but no systematic studies on morphological characteristics by size and sex have been published. This research describes the morphometry of free-living olive ridley sea turtles from coastal and oceanic waters of the Mexican Central Pacific captured and released from 2011 through 2013. A total of 3469 km was surveyed, and 142 sea turtles were evaluated by sex, size class, marine area, and geographic region for nine corporal measurements and their allometric relationships. The average curved carapace length (CCL) was 62.12 cm, range 42-94 cm. Significant differences were found by sex and size class with total tail length (TTL) (♂ = 26.33 cm, ♀ = 12.4 cm); similarly with vent to tail tip length (VTTL) (♂ = 6.38 cm, ♀ = 3.86 cm); and for rear flipper length (RFL) (♂ = 28.17 cm, ♀ = 38.62 cm, immatures = 23.80 cm). Turtles from the coastal region of Colima-Michoacán showed longer CCL = 62.46 cm and wider CW = 66.58 cm. Adult female RFLs showed positive allometry, b = 1.098, suggesting an accelerated growth of the posterior extremities, probably favoring reproductive behaviors, e.g. nest digging and egg-covering. Morphological differences were likely due to ontogenetic sexual distinctions rather than marine area or geographic differences.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44930274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2929
Miguel Cabanillas‐Gámez, L. López, Ulises Bardullas, R. E. Espinoza-Villegas, C. True, M. Galaviz
Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, is a marine species that belongs to the Moronidae family, which has great recreational and commercial importance and high production potential for human consumption. This research examines two acute stress factors that can be frequent in fish production units: a) handling is carried out constantly due to maintenance needs, size separation, growth evaluation, and health state, and b) hypoxia likely occur as the culture tank biomass, temperature, and fish metabolic rate increase. Juvenile fish (initial body weight 200 ± 3.0 g) were distributed in 110 L tanks and fed one week with different dietary tryptophan (Trp) levels: CD0.5 (0.5%), D1.0 (1.0%), D1.5 (1.5%) and D2.0 (2.0%). The fish were then exposed to stress by handling (5 min) or hypoxia (45 min). After that, blood hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (HB) and plasma cortisol, glucose (GLU), lactate (LACT), total protein (TP), albumin (AL), and globulin (GLOB) were analyzed, and AL/GLOB ratio was calculated. All analyzed parameters showed great sensitivity to acute stressors. Hypoxia increased Hct, cortisol, and GLU and decreased HB and LACT. Handling decreased HB and TP and increased GLU and LACT. D1.0 and D1.5 prevented Hct and LACT disturbance. D1.5 Trp prevented HB disturbance. All Trp supplemented diets prevented GLU change under hypoxia and TP change after handling. The results suggest that Trp played a role in M. saxatilis homeostasis restoration under acute stress.
{"title":"Effect of dietary tryptophan on blood and plasma parameters of striped bass Morone saxatilis, exposed to acute stressors","authors":"Miguel Cabanillas‐Gámez, L. López, Ulises Bardullas, R. E. Espinoza-Villegas, C. True, M. Galaviz","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2929","url":null,"abstract":"Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, is a marine species that belongs to the Moronidae family, which has great recreational and commercial importance and high production potential for human consumption. This research examines two acute stress factors that can be frequent in fish production units: a) handling is carried out constantly due to maintenance needs, size separation, growth evaluation, and health state, and b) hypoxia likely occur as the culture tank biomass, temperature, and fish metabolic rate increase. Juvenile fish (initial body weight 200 ± 3.0 g) were distributed in 110 L tanks and fed one week with different dietary tryptophan (Trp) levels: CD0.5 (0.5%), D1.0 (1.0%), D1.5 (1.5%) and D2.0 (2.0%). The fish were then exposed to stress by handling (5 min) or hypoxia (45 min). After that, blood hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (HB) and plasma cortisol, glucose (GLU), lactate (LACT), total protein (TP), albumin (AL), and globulin (GLOB) were analyzed, and AL/GLOB ratio was calculated. All analyzed parameters showed great sensitivity to acute stressors. Hypoxia increased Hct, cortisol, and GLU and decreased HB and LACT. Handling decreased HB and TP and increased GLU and LACT. D1.0 and D1.5 prevented Hct and LACT disturbance. D1.5 Trp prevented HB disturbance. All Trp supplemented diets prevented GLU change under hypoxia and TP change after handling. The results suggest that Trp played a role in M. saxatilis homeostasis restoration under acute stress.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2825
Jesús Yolanda Lugo-Rubio, E. S. López-Álvarez, Nadia Vázquez-Montoya, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, J. A. Félix-Ortiz, E. Lugo-Medina, Maria-Nancy Herrera-Moreno, E. Nava-Pérez, W. Valenzuela-Quiñónez
We evaluated the inhibition activity of extracts from two common plants, moringa (Moringa oleifera) and croton (Croton californicus), against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The experiment was developed in three phases. First, extracts were prepared, and phytochemical screening of plants was performed. Second, microbiological tests were applied to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, two bioassays were performed on juvenile shrimp by administering the extracts (first) in shrimp feed at 24 and 72 h, pre-infection, and the second in feed and directly to the culture water. Based on preliminary results of antimicrobial activity, an extract concentration of 60 mg mL-1 inhibited V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) at a final concentration of approximately 1×106 CFU mL-1. Bioassays were carried out in order to determine the V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) median lethal dose (LC50) for juvenile Penaeus vannamei (0.20 ± 0.05 g); the LC50 was 85×103 CFU mL-1. As a first test, the extracts were added to commercial feed at doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg mL-1. After feeding, the shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), and mortality was recorded. For the first infection time (24 h), survival was 46 and 33% with croton and moringa, respectively; for the second infection time (72 h), survival was 16 and 25% with croton and moringa. Application of antibacterial extracts directly to culture water were effective against V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16). The best result (94% survival) was obtained with a high dose (3.6 mg mL-1 or 30%) of moringa extracts added directly to culture water. Moringa methanol extracts produce active compounds capable of inhibiting replication of V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) in shrimp aquaculture and reducing shrimp mortality.
{"title":"Extracts of Moringa oleifera and Croton californicus against infections of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) in juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","authors":"Jesús Yolanda Lugo-Rubio, E. S. López-Álvarez, Nadia Vázquez-Montoya, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, J. A. Félix-Ortiz, E. Lugo-Medina, Maria-Nancy Herrera-Moreno, E. Nava-Pérez, W. Valenzuela-Quiñónez","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2825","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the inhibition activity of extracts from two common plants, moringa (Moringa oleifera) and croton (Croton californicus), against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The experiment was developed in three phases. First, extracts were prepared, and phytochemical screening of plants was performed. Second, microbiological tests were applied to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, two bioassays were performed on juvenile shrimp by administering the extracts (first) in shrimp feed at 24 and 72 h, pre-infection, and the second in feed and directly to the culture water. Based on preliminary results of antimicrobial activity, an extract concentration of 60 mg mL-1 inhibited V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) at a final concentration of approximately 1×106 CFU mL-1. Bioassays were carried out in order to determine the V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) median lethal dose (LC50) for juvenile Penaeus vannamei (0.20 ± 0.05 g); the LC50 was 85×103 CFU mL-1. As a first test, the extracts were added to commercial feed at doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg mL-1. After feeding, the shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), and mortality was recorded. For the first infection time (24 h), survival was 46 and 33% with croton and moringa, respectively; for the second infection time (72 h), survival was 16 and 25% with croton and moringa. Application of antibacterial extracts directly to culture water were effective against V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16). The best result (94% survival) was obtained with a high dose (3.6 mg mL-1 or 30%) of moringa extracts added directly to culture water. Moringa methanol extracts produce active compounds capable of inhibiting replication of V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) in shrimp aquaculture and reducing shrimp mortality.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2816
Delia Patricia Parrilla-Taylor, Regina Elizondo‐González, J. N. Gutiérrez‐Rivera, A. García‐Gasca, N. Vibanco-Pérez, Maria De Jesús Durán Avelar, R. Vázquez-Juárez
Five previously analyzed white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) strains from northwest Mexico, differing in their genome architecture as well as in virulence, were selected (high virulence JP and LG strains; moderate virulence GVE and DIV strains; and low virulence LC10 strain) to evaluate pathogenesis response in vitro. Expression of phagocytosis-activating protein PAP, manganese superoxide dismutase MnSOD and peroxiredoxin PRX, and two genes of immediate-early expression (IE1 and WSSV304) were measured by qPCR in a primary hemocyte cell culture from Penaeus vannamei at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-infection (hpi). PAP expression was significantly higher at 1 and 3 hpi, and JP and LC10 strains induced the highest expression. The response of MnSOD was high at 1 hpi, and a significant increase in PRX expression was detected at 3 hpi, probably due to the occurrence of an oxidative burst; expression levels of MnSOD and PRX were significantly higher at 1 and 3 hpi, respectively, induced by the LG strain (high virulence), suggesting an acute response. In general, expression of most immune-related - genes decreased after the initial hours of infection. Expression levels of IE1 and WSSV304 were exceptionally high at 1 hpi in almost all five WSSV analyzed strains, confirming their efficient mechanism for replication and viral fitness. The results of this study do not show an accurate link between the genome size and WSSV virulence of the strains, albeit the strain with the smallest genome showed the highest virulence. All strains induced an early immune response in heterogeneous ways.
从墨西哥西北部选取了5株先前分析过的基因组结构和毒力不同的白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)毒株(高毒力JP和LG毒株;中等毒力的GVE和DIV菌株;和低毒力LC10菌株)来评估体外发病反应。采用qPCR方法检测凡纳滨对虾原代血细胞感染后1、3、6、12和24 h (hpi)吞噬激活蛋白PAP、锰超氧化物歧化酶MnSOD和过氧化物还蛋白PRX以及两个早期表达基因IE1和WSSV304的表达。PAP在1和3 hpi时表达量显著升高，其中JP和LC10表达量最高。MnSOD在1 hpi时反应高，PRX在3 hpi时表达显著增加，可能是由于氧化爆发的发生;LG菌株(高毒力)诱导的MnSOD和PRX分别在1和3 hpi时表达水平显著升高，提示急性反应。一般来说，大多数免疫相关基因的表达在感染的最初几个小时后下降。IE1和WSSV304在几乎所有5个WSSV分析菌株中在1 hpi时的表达水平都异常高，证实了它们的高效复制机制和病毒适应性。尽管基因组最小的菌株显示出最高的毒力，但本研究的结果并未显示出基因组大小与菌株的WSSV毒力之间的准确联系。所有菌株都以不同的方式诱导早期免疫反应。
{"title":"Gene expression in primary hemocyte culture of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei infected with different white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) strains","authors":"Delia Patricia Parrilla-Taylor, Regina Elizondo‐González, J. N. Gutiérrez‐Rivera, A. García‐Gasca, N. Vibanco-Pérez, Maria De Jesús Durán Avelar, R. Vázquez-Juárez","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2816","url":null,"abstract":"Five previously analyzed white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) strains from northwest Mexico, differing in their genome architecture as well as in virulence, were selected (high virulence JP and LG strains; moderate virulence GVE and DIV strains; and low virulence LC10 strain) to evaluate pathogenesis response in vitro. Expression of phagocytosis-activating protein PAP, manganese superoxide dismutase MnSOD and peroxiredoxin PRX, and two genes of immediate-early expression (IE1 and WSSV304) were measured by qPCR in a primary hemocyte cell culture from Penaeus vannamei at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-infection (hpi). PAP expression was significantly higher at 1 and 3 hpi, and JP and LC10 strains induced the highest expression. The response of MnSOD was high at 1 hpi, and a significant increase in PRX expression was detected at 3 hpi, probably due to the occurrence of an oxidative burst; expression levels of MnSOD and PRX were significantly higher at 1 and 3 hpi, respectively, induced by the LG strain (high virulence), suggesting an acute response. In general, expression of most immune-related - genes decreased after the initial hours of infection. Expression levels of IE1 and WSSV304 were exceptionally high at 1 hpi in almost all five WSSV analyzed strains, confirming their efficient mechanism for replication and viral fitness. The results of this study do not show an accurate link between the genome size and WSSV virulence of the strains, albeit the strain with the smallest genome showed the highest virulence. All strains induced an early immune response in heterogeneous ways.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2811
Diego Becerra, M. Quezada, Humberto Díaz
Significant wave height (SWH) in shallow waters is assessed by generating two wave hindcasts; the first uses ERA-Interim wind fields and the second one from ERA5 to quantify the improvement of the ERA5 surface winds on the SWH representativeness, both in deep and shallow waters along the Chilean coastline. Additionally, wind field predictions from the Global Forecast System (GFS) were used to assess the representativeness of shallow waters. Oceanographic buoys were used to validate SWH in deep waters, while Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCPs) was equipped to measure waves in shallow waters. Energy spectrums coupling Wavewatch III and Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) models were transferred to evaluate the performance of shallow water simulations. In general, the SWH from both wave hindcasts showed good performance. Nonetheless, those forced by ERA5 presented a better qualitative comparison of sea state temporal variability, which increased the correlation coefficients (>0.9), coefficients of determination (>0.8), and minor errors (RMSE, MAE, and BIAS) compared to oceanographic buoys and ADCPs. Additionally, in simulations forced by GFS, the temporal variability of the waves in shallow waters was successfully reproduced. Nevertheless, an increase in the RMSE, MAE, and BIAS error was statistically verified compared to ERA-Interim and ERA 5.
{"title":"A deep water and nearshore wave height calibration of the ECOWAVES hindcasting database","authors":"Diego Becerra, M. Quezada, Humberto Díaz","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2811","url":null,"abstract":"Significant wave height (SWH) in shallow waters is assessed by generating two wave hindcasts; the first uses ERA-Interim wind fields and the second one from ERA5 to quantify the improvement of the ERA5 surface winds on the SWH representativeness, both in deep and shallow waters along the Chilean coastline. Additionally, wind field predictions from the Global Forecast System (GFS) were used to assess the representativeness of shallow waters. Oceanographic buoys were used to validate SWH in deep waters, while Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCPs) was equipped to measure waves in shallow waters. Energy spectrums coupling Wavewatch III and Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) models were transferred to evaluate the performance of shallow water simulations. In general, the SWH from both wave hindcasts showed good performance. Nonetheless, those forced by ERA5 presented a better qualitative comparison of sea state temporal variability, which increased the correlation coefficients (>0.9), coefficients of determination (>0.8), and minor errors (RMSE, MAE, and BIAS) compared to oceanographic buoys and ADCPs. Additionally, in simulations forced by GFS, the temporal variability of the waves in shallow waters was successfully reproduced. Nevertheless, an increase in the RMSE, MAE, and BIAS error was statistically verified compared to ERA-Interim and ERA 5.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44029508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2915
María Alejandra Doria González, Daniel Pérez Ferro, Frank C. Olaya, José Luis Payares Varela, J. C. Ortiz Royero
The relationship between climate variability and the small-scale fishery (SSF) of the Albuquerque Cays was studied from 2004 to 2018. The environmental variables analyzed were: sea surface temperature (SST), wind magnitude, and chlorophyll (Chl-α). The fishery is multi-species; 410 individuals were identified, belonging to 4 orders, 15 families, and 62 species, of which 38.7% are reef, 35.5% demersal, and 25.8% pelagic. The most dominant species were Caranx latus, Elagatis bipinnulata, Coryphaena hippurus, Lutjanus vivanus, Ocyurus chrysurus, Thunnus atlanticus, Sphyraena barracuda, Canthidermis sufflamen, Etelis oculatus, Acanthocybium solandri, Lutjanus jocu, Balistes vetula, Lutjanus buccanella, followed by Rhomboplites aurorubens and Mycteroperca bonaci. The pelagic species that contribute the most in biomass and commercial importance are S. barracuda, A. solandri, T. atlanticus, and E. bipinnulata, the most important due to their high market value. A significant correlation was found among SST, Chl-α, wind magnitude, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) anomalies. The highest CPUE values occurred in January, March, June and September were associated with the passage of cold fronts and hurricanes, giving way to new fishing opportunities and conservation of some resources.
{"title":"Climate variability and small-scale fisheries of the Albuquerque Cays Island, insular Colombian Caribbean","authors":"María Alejandra Doria González, Daniel Pérez Ferro, Frank C. Olaya, José Luis Payares Varela, J. C. Ortiz Royero","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2915","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between climate variability and the small-scale fishery (SSF) of the Albuquerque Cays was studied from 2004 to 2018. The environmental variables analyzed were: sea surface temperature (SST), wind magnitude, and chlorophyll (Chl-α). The fishery is multi-species; 410 individuals were identified, belonging to 4 orders, 15 families, and 62 species, of which 38.7% are reef, 35.5% demersal, and 25.8% pelagic. The most dominant species were Caranx latus, Elagatis bipinnulata, Coryphaena hippurus, Lutjanus vivanus, Ocyurus chrysurus, Thunnus atlanticus, Sphyraena barracuda, Canthidermis sufflamen, Etelis oculatus, Acanthocybium solandri, Lutjanus jocu, Balistes vetula, Lutjanus buccanella, followed by Rhomboplites aurorubens and Mycteroperca bonaci. The pelagic species that contribute the most in biomass and commercial importance are S. barracuda, A. solandri, T. atlanticus, and E. bipinnulata, the most important due to their high market value. A significant correlation was found among SST, Chl-α, wind magnitude, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) anomalies. The highest CPUE values occurred in January, March, June and September were associated with the passage of cold fronts and hurricanes, giving way to new fishing opportunities and conservation of some resources.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2851
Catalina Lizama, A. Abarca, L. Durán, Doris Oliva
Artificial cultivation increases clams' availability and is an alternative to the extraction from natural banks. The culture of clams requires species-specific research in the different growth stages, and studies on the effects and interactions of culture parameters are essential to obtain and control the proper development of larvae. This paper aims to compare methods to induce spawning, describe the embryonic development, and compare the effect of different culture densities on the yield of "D" larvae of the "taca" clam Ameghinomya antiqua. Breeders were collected on the southwest coast of Quinchao Island, Chiloé, Chile. Spawning induction assays were performed comparing different combinations of biological and physical factors. Experiments on the effect of embryonic density in the obtention of "D" larvae were performed, and the embryonic development was described at 11 ± 1°C. The spawning inductions were successfully achieved with the addition of food combined with temperature changes, resulting in the liberation of oocytes with a jelly coat with a diameter of 140 μm. Trochophore larvae were observed at 40 h post-fertilization. The percentage of embryos developed showed significant differences when testing cultures with densities of 20, 40, and 60 embryos mL-1. Experiments with 20 embryos mL-1 density were the ones that obtained a greater number of developed embryos (50%). These results suggest spawning induction with the addition of food and temperature changes with a density of 20 embryos mL-1. This paper describes the embryonic development and technology development for spawning induction for the first time.
{"title":"Spawning induction and embryonic development of the clam Ameghinomya antiqua (King, 1832)","authors":"Catalina Lizama, A. Abarca, L. Durán, Doris Oliva","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2851","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial cultivation increases clams' availability and is an alternative to the extraction from natural banks. The culture of clams requires species-specific research in the different growth stages, and studies on the effects and interactions of culture parameters are essential to obtain and control the proper development of larvae. This paper aims to compare methods to induce spawning, describe the embryonic development, and compare the effect of different culture densities on the yield of \"D\" larvae of the \"taca\" clam Ameghinomya antiqua. Breeders were collected on the southwest coast of Quinchao Island, Chiloé, Chile. Spawning induction assays were performed comparing different combinations of biological and physical factors. Experiments on the effect of embryonic density in the obtention of \"D\" larvae were performed, and the embryonic development was described at 11 ± 1°C. The spawning inductions were successfully achieved with the addition of food combined with temperature changes, resulting in the liberation of oocytes with a jelly coat with a diameter of 140 μm. Trochophore larvae were observed at 40 h post-fertilization. The percentage of embryos developed showed significant differences when testing cultures with densities of 20, 40, and 60 embryos mL-1. Experiments with 20 embryos mL-1 density were the ones that obtained a greater number of developed embryos (50%). These results suggest spawning induction with the addition of food and temperature changes with a density of 20 embryos mL-1. This paper describes the embryonic development and technology development for spawning induction for the first time.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48633577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2805
M. Gorny, G. Guzmán, W. Sielfeld, A. Gacitúa
An autonomous lander equipped with a video camera (dropcam) was used for in situ observations of the bento-demersal macrofauna on the upper continental slope off Punta Pichalo in northern Chile, an area of permanent coastal upwelling processes, located ~70 km north of Iquique. The lander was deployed at nine stations and between 227 and 798 m of depth. According to morphological characteristics, 34 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to the lowest taxonomic level; 24 belonged to macroinvertebrates and 10 to fishes. Macroinvertebrates comprised 9 OTUs of crustaceans, seven cnidarians, and six echinoderms. Fishes included 3 OTUs of the order Chondrichthyes, 3 belonging to macrourid. Perciformes, Anguilliformes, and Alepocephaliformes were represented by one OTU each. Also, we observed one species of lanternfish (Myctophidae). Apart from the brachyuran decapod Lophorochinia parabranchia Garth, 1969 and euphausiids, all species were observed at depths greater than 560 m. The presence of one individual identified as the granulate dogfish Centroscyllium granulatum Günther, 1887 extended the known distribution range of this species about 1000 km to the north. Images taken at 795 m showed Bathyraja peruana McEachran & Miyake, 1984. Our study suggests that the upper continental slope of northern Chile harbors nearly undiscovered biodiversity, worth to be studied more intensively to complete the comparable sparse knowledge about marine biodiversity and species distribution at the continental margin in front of Chile.
{"title":"First in situ observations of the benthic-demersal fauna on the upper continental slope off Punta Pichalo (19°36'S), northern Chile","authors":"M. Gorny, G. Guzmán, W. Sielfeld, A. Gacitúa","doi":"10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2805","url":null,"abstract":"An autonomous lander equipped with a video camera (dropcam) was used for in situ observations of the bento-demersal macrofauna on the upper continental slope off Punta Pichalo in northern Chile, an area of permanent coastal upwelling processes, located ~70 km north of Iquique. The lander was deployed at nine stations and between 227 and 798 m of depth. According to morphological characteristics, 34 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to the lowest taxonomic level; 24 belonged to macroinvertebrates and 10 to fishes. Macroinvertebrates comprised 9 OTUs of crustaceans, seven cnidarians, and six echinoderms. Fishes included 3 OTUs of the order Chondrichthyes, 3 belonging to macrourid. Perciformes, Anguilliformes, and Alepocephaliformes were represented by one OTU each. Also, we observed one species of lanternfish (Myctophidae). Apart from the brachyuran decapod Lophorochinia parabranchia Garth, 1969 and euphausiids, all species were observed at depths greater than 560 m. The presence of one individual identified as the granulate dogfish Centroscyllium granulatum Günther, 1887 extended the known distribution range of this species about 1000 km to the north. Images taken at 795 m showed Bathyraja peruana McEachran & Miyake, 1984. Our study suggests that the upper continental slope of northern Chile harbors nearly undiscovered biodiversity, worth to be studied more intensively to complete the comparable sparse knowledge about marine biodiversity and species distribution at the continental margin in front of Chile.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47271116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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