Laeknabladid最新文献

Introduction: Insufficient iodine status was recently identified in pregnant women in Iceland. Iodine fortification of salt is widely used to decrease the risk of iodine deficiency disorders, but the use of iodized salt has not been recommended in Iceland. The aim was to describe iodine intake among Icelandic adults and two-year-olds and estimate the effect of using iodized salt in bread.

Material and methods: Iodine intake was assessed using data from the Icelandic National Dietary Survey 2019-2021 (18-80 years, n=822) and a study of two-year-old children (n=124). Data on bread intake was used to estimate expected iodine intake if iodized salt was used in bread. The results are compared with recommended iodine intake (90 µg/day for two-year-olds and 150 µg/day for adults) and upper intake level (200 µg/day and 600 µg/day, respectively).

Results: Average iodine intake was 88 µg/day for children and 134 µg/day for adults. If all types of bread consumed would contain 20 µg of iodine in 100 grams, the average iodine intake would increase to 99 and 153 µg/day, respectively. With higher bread iodine content, >5% of two-year-olds would exceed the upper intake level, while concentration up to 70 µg/100 grams of bread would result in iodine intake below the upper intake level for adults.

Conclusion: Use of iodized salt in bread corresponding to 20µg of iodine in 100 grams of bread seems safe for young children in Iceland. However, based on the current dietary habits, adding this amount of iodine to bread would not be sufficient to secure optimal intake of iodine in all adults.

Introduction: Migrant women often experience worse perinatal outcomes during pregnancy, birth, and puerperium than native women, but results regarding preterm birth vary. The objective of this study was to detect the prevalence and risk factors of preterm birth among Icelandic and migrant women in Iceland.

Material and methods: The study was a population-based cohort study with data from the Icelandic Medical Birth Register. The cohort included all women who had a singleton birth from 22w0d to 36w6d of pregnancy in the years 1997-2018, a total of 89 170 women. The group was divided in two; women with an Icelandic citizenship and women with foreign citizenship, that were further divided according to the Human Development Index (HDI) of their country of citizenship. Preterm birth rate and risk factor prevalence was analysed according to this classification and significance in differences measured with a chi-square test.

Results: Significance in differences of preterm birth was found between Icelandic (4.4%) and migrant women (5.6%) (p<0.001). Migrant women from middle-HDI countries gave birth preterm in 5.5% of cases (p<0.01) and women from low-HDI countries in 6.4% of cases (p<0.001). Migrant women were more often diagnosed with urinary tract infections, diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction and premature rupture of membranes, but less often with pre-eclampsia, obesity, placental defect, mental health issues and age p<18 years (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Migrant women in Iceland from middle-HDI and low-HDI countries give birth preterm more often than Icelandic women. A difference in risk factors is also present and needs further research. The findings can be used in continuing development of prenatal care for migrant women in Iceland.

The Neonatal weight loss is a common problem which most physicians who take care of newborns should recognise. The most common reason is insufficient dietary intake. However the reason can also be an underlying disease. Aldosterone insufficiency in neonates is a rare disease and if not treated correctly can be life threatening. It presents with serious electrolytes abnormalities and metabolic acidosis. It is therefore important to distinguish between serious and benign causes of weight loss in neonates.

Introduction: The study aim was to describe migraine incidence over the ten-year periods, 2000-2009 and 2010-2019, in individuals aged 10-79 years in primary healthcare centre (PHCC) Sólvangur and Fjörður, Hafnarfirði. Another aim was to estimate migraine prevalence in primary care clinics in the capital area of Iceland over the period 2010-2019 and describe prescriptions for migraine specific drugs and other drugs used for migraine.

Material and methods: This is a retrospective study based on data from medical records from the primary care clinics of the capital region of Iceland. The cohort consisted of individuals aged 10-79 years who were diagnosed with migraine, G43 according to the ICD-10 classification system.

Results: Migraine incidence at age 10-79 years over the ten-year period 2000-2009 at the primary care clinic Sólvangur was estimated 3.4 cases per 1000 person-years, during the period 2010-2019 in both Sólvangur and Fjörður clinics migraine incidence was estimated 2.9 cases per 1000 person-years. Increase was shown between the two periods in prescriptions of triptan drugs, opioids, and beta-blockers, where two-thirds of the migraineurs got prescription over the two periods. Women were three times more likely to be diagnosed with migraine than men, but men were diagnosed at younger age than women. Migraine prevalence at age 10-79 years in PHCCs in the capital area of Iceland was 4.4% over the period 2010-2019.

Conclusion: Migraine prevalence in the PHCCs of the capital area of Iceland was only one third of migraine prevalence in the population-based cohort pilot study Heilsusaga Íslendinga. Increase in opioid drug prescriptions for individuals diagnosed with migraine is of concern and needs further study.