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NONLINEAR REDUCED ORDER MODELING OF STRUCTURES NEAR BUCKLING AND APPLICATION TO AN ENERGY HARVESTER 近屈曲结构的非线性降阶建模及其在能量采集器上的应用
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055784
X. Q. Wang, M. Mignolet, Yabin Liao
The focus of this investigation is first on assessing the validity to structures close to or past buckling of the reduced order modeling approach for nonlinear geometric response that has been extensively developed in the last two decades. This focus is motivated by a class of piezoelectric energy harvesters that rely on strongly nonlinear behavior, such as large amplitude responses, to achieve broadband energy harvesting. A simple, two rigid bars linkage that approximates a buckling beam is first considered to discover the features of the nonlinear force-displacement relation induced by an in plane loading. It is observed that the corresponding form of this relation is not consistent with the one derived from a reduced order model (ROM) but can be closely approximated by it over a large displacement range. This analysis emphasizes in particular the role of a group of ROM coefficients that are usually considered unimportant. A similar study is performed next for the buckled harvester modeled within Nastran and it is again found that a close match of the force-displacement relationship can be achieved. Based on that positive outlook, a 6 basis functions ROM of this beam harvester that includes piezoelectric effects is built and identified. It is found to provide a close match of Nastran nonlinear predictions over a broad range of transverse and in plane loading in static and dynamic conditions. The ROM usefulness in predicting the open-circuit voltage is demonstrated.
本研究的重点首先是评估近二十年来广泛发展的非线性几何响应的降阶建模方法对接近或过去屈曲结构的有效性。这种关注的动机是一类压电能量收集器,它依赖于强非线性行为,如大振幅响应,来实现宽带能量收集。首先考虑了一种近似屈曲梁的简单双刚性连杆机构,以揭示平面内荷载引起的非线性力-位移关系的特征。观察到,该关系的对应形式与降阶模型(ROM)的形式不一致,但在大位移范围内可以用它来近似。这种分析特别强调一组通常被认为不重要的只读存储器系数的作用。接下来对在Nastran中建模的屈曲收集机进行了类似的研究,再次发现可以实现力-位移关系的密切匹配。基于这一积极的展望,建立并确定了包含压电效应的该光束采集器的6基函数ROM。发现在静态和动态条件下,在大范围的横向和平面载荷下,它提供了与Nastran非线性预测的密切匹配。证明了ROM在预测开路电压方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
A proof-of-concept study on an internal-resonance-based piezoelectric energy harvester with coupled three-dimensional bending-torsion motions 具有三维弯曲-扭转耦合运动的内共振压电能量采集器的概念验证研究
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055720
Yimin Fan, M. Ghayesh, Tien-Fu Lu
By exchanging the internal energy between coupled vibration modes, internal-resonance-based energy harvesters may provide an effective solution to broadening and enhancing bandwidth and power performance in dealing with natural vibration sources. With the development of piezoelectric-based transducers, thickness and face shear coefficients in proper piezoelectric elements can also generate the power output from shear deformation on the core vibrating elements. However, in most cantilever-based energy harvesters that focused on bending modes, the shear responses were neglected. In this paper, we present an internal-resonance-based piezoelectric energy harvester with three-dimensional coupled bending and torsional modes, for the first time. The fine-tuned system leverages a two-to-one internal resonance between its first torsion and second bending modes to enhance the power output with piezoelectric effects. The dynamic behaviour implies the coexistence of in-plane and out-of-plane motions under a single excitation frequency, and the corresponding strain changes in the bending and shear directions are captured by bonded piezoelectric transducers. Dependence between excitation levels and the internal-resonance phenomenon is justified as a critical system parameter study; the results also indicate that an intriguing non-periodic region exists near the centre frequency. The outcomes of this study feature a multi-directional and multi-modal energy harvester that displays rich dynamic behaviors. The operational bandwidth is promising for broadband energy harvesting, and the output voltage is enhanced by capturing both in-plane and out-of-plane motions at the same time.
通过在耦合振动模式之间交换内部能量,基于内共振的能量采集器可以为处理固有振动源提供拓宽和提高带宽和功率性能的有效解决方案。随着压电换能器的发展,适当的压电元件的厚度和面剪切系数也可以通过对核心振动元件的剪切变形产生功率输出。然而,在大多数专注于弯曲模式的悬臂式能量采集器中,剪切响应被忽略了。在本文中,我们首次提出了一种基于内共振的三维弯曲和扭转耦合压电能量采集器。微调系统利用其第一扭转和第二弯曲模式之间的二对一内部共振来增强压电效应的功率输出。在单一激励频率下,材料的动力特性表现为面内和面外运动共存,并通过粘结式压电换能器捕捉到弯曲和剪切方向上相应的应变变化。激励水平与内部共振现象之间的依赖关系被证明是一个关键的系统参数研究;结果还表明,在中心频率附近存在一个有趣的非周期区域。本研究成果具有多向、多模态的能量采集器,具有丰富的动态行为。操作带宽有望用于宽带能量收集,并且通过同时捕获面内和面外运动来增强输出电压。
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引用次数: 3
Computation and Assignment of the Minima of Structurally Radiated Sound Pressure 结构辐射声压最小值的计算与赋值
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055615
Yingsha Shi, Sheng Li
The minimum sound pressure is an important aspect of noise control. This means that minimal or no noise at a location will be experienced at a certain frequency. In many engineering applications, it is desirable to compute and assign the frequency corresponding to the minimum sound pressure. This paper presents three novel methods for the prediction of frequencies corresponding to the minima of radiated sound pressure. Two of them are developed for determining zero sound pressure frequencies, which correspond to a response close to zero. They are based on the application of linear matrix algebra methods in conjunction with the fundamental definitions for the existence of local minima. The other is developed to solve for frequencies of the minimum response points corresponding to a zero slope in the frequency response function curve by using the dichotomy method. In addition, an inverse structural modification for the assignment of the zero sound pressure frequency and antiresonant frequencies is presented. At these frequencies, the modification causes the selected location to experience the minimum sound pressure, while the other selected locations do not vibrate. Numerical examples of a simply supported plate in air and water are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approaches.
最小声压是噪声控制的一个重要方面。这意味着在某一频率下,某一地点的噪声最小或没有噪声。在许多工程应用中,需要计算和分配与最小声压相对应的频率。本文提出了三种预测辐射声压最小值对应频率的新方法。其中两个用于确定零声压频率,这对应于接近于零的响应。它们是基于线性矩阵代数方法的应用,并结合局部极小值存在的基本定义。另一种方法是用二分法求解频率响应函数曲线上斜率为零的最小响应点的频率。此外,还提出了零声压频率和反谐振频率分配的逆结构修正。在这些频率下,修改使选定的位置经历最小声压,而其他选定的位置不振动。通过对空气和水中简支板的数值算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Designing topological acoustic lattices via electroacoustic analogies 通过电声类比设计拓扑声学晶格
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062360
H. A. Ba'ba'a, Kyung Hoon Lee, Qiming Wang
Topological acoustics has recently witnessed a spurt in research activity, owing to their unprecedented properties transcending typical wave phenomena. In recent years, the use of coupled arrays of acoustic chambers has gained popularity in designing topological acoustic systems. In their common form, an array of acoustic chambers with relatively large volume is coupled via narrow channels. Such configuration is generally modeled as a full three-dimensional system, requiring extended computational time for simulating its harmonic response. To this end, this paper establishes a comprehensive mathematical treatment of the use of electroacoustic analogies for designing topological acoustic lattices. The potential of such analytical approach is demonstrated via two types of topological systems: (1) edge states with quantized winding numbers in an acoustic diatomic lattice and (2) valley Hall transition in an acoustic honeycomb lattice that leads to robust waveguiding. In both cases, the established analytical approach exhibits an excellent agreement with the full three-dimensional model, whether in dispersion analyses or the response of an acoustic system with a finite number of cells. The established analytical framework is invaluable for designing a variety of acoustic topological insulators with minimal computational cost.
近年来,由于拓扑声学具有超越典型波动现象的前所未有的特性,其研究活动迅猛发展。近年来,耦合声室阵列在拓扑声学系统设计中得到了广泛的应用。在它们的常见形式中,一组体积相对较大的声室通过狭窄的通道耦合在一起。这种结构通常被建模为一个完整的三维系统,需要延长的计算时间来模拟其谐波响应。为此,本文建立了利用电声类比设计拓扑声学晶格的综合数学处理方法。通过两种类型的拓扑系统证明了这种分析方法的潜力:(1)声学双原子晶格中具有量子化圈数的边缘状态;(2)声学蜂窝晶格中的谷霍尔跃迁,导致鲁棒波导。在这两种情况下,无论是在色散分析中还是在具有有限数量单元的声学系统的响应中,所建立的分析方法都与完整的三维模型表现出极好的一致性。所建立的分析框架对于以最小的计算成本设计各种声学拓扑绝缘体具有宝贵的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling, nonlinear dynamics, and bifurcation analysis of the rotor-seal system using a sub-harmonic sampling strategy 采用次谐波采样策略的转子密封系统建模、非线性动力学和分岔分析
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055616
R. Vashisht
Rotors are used to transfer power from one component to the other component in various rotor dynamics applications like steam turbines, aerospace systems, and power generators. In certain applications, the seal is an important and inevitable component of the rotor dynamic system. The linear dynamics of the rotor is converted into nonlinear in the presence of a seal. The presence of a seal, can sometimes, trigger self-excited vibrations in rotor/seal systems. Generally, the amplitude of vibration during such vibrations is several times higher than normal steady-state vibrations. Due to this, other faults like transverse crack initialization and rotor/stator rub get accelerated. The rotating machinery working at high spinning speeds is more prone to this type of instability. Hence, the stability limits of the rotor/seal system must be known in advance for the safe operation of the rotating machinery. The dynamic behaviour of such a system qualitatively varies corresponding to different system parameters of the rotating machinery. Combursome analytical methods have been used in the past for bifurcation analysis of rotor/seal system. In the present work, system bifurcations have been investigated using a sub-harmonic sampling rate strategy. The proposed method is easy to implement and numerically efficient. The effect of various parameters like spinning speed of the rotor, unstable mass, and seal clearance is investigated for the stability of the rotor/seal system. Experimental testing is done to verify the simulation results.
在各种转子动力学应用中,转子用于将功率从一个组件传递到另一个组件,如蒸汽涡轮机,航空航天系统和发电机。在某些应用中,密封是转子动力系统不可缺少的重要组成部分。在密封存在的情况下,转子的线性动力学转化为非线性动力学。密封的存在有时会引发转子/密封系统的自激振动。通常,在这种振动期间的振动幅度比正常的稳态振动高几倍。因此,其他故障如横向裂纹初始化和转子/定子摩擦加速。在高纺纱速度下工作的旋转机械更容易发生这种不稳定。因此,为了保证旋转机械的安全运行,必须事先知道转子/密封系统的稳定性极限。该系统的动态特性随旋转机械系统参数的不同而发生定性变化。过去,对转子/密封系统的分岔分析采用了繁琐的分析方法。在本工作中,使用次谐波采样率策略研究了系统分岔。该方法实现简单,数值效率高。研究了转子转速、不稳定质量、密封间隙等参数对转子/密封系统稳定性的影响。通过实验验证了仿真结果。
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引用次数: 1
A Robust Delayed Resonator Construction using Amplifying Mechanism 基于放大机制的鲁棒延迟谐振器结构
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055559
Yifan Liu, Jiazhi Cai, N. Olgaç, Qingbin Gao
The delayed resonator (DR) is an active vibration absorber, which yields ideal vibration suppression at its resonance frequency. In this study, we further complement the DR design in a distinctive mechanical path by introducing an amplifying mechanism (AM), so the creation of DRA. Very different from the existing works that focus more on how to enhance the ideal vibration suppression of the DR, we are interested in how the DR behaves under uncertainties and how can the newly proposed DRA abate the arising negative effects. First, we study the effects of such uncertainties in detecting the excitation frequency on the quality of vibration suppression, working space of the absorber, and energy cost. Then, we discuss how the control parameter perturbation affects the system stability. A comparative study between the classic DR and the proposed DRA is presented throughout the text, showing that the enhanced performance and robustness characteristics enabled by the AM are almost all-around while posing no additional controller complexity. We also show using spectral analysis that the AM can also enhance the transient behavior of the system. Finally, three numerical simulations included as core studies vividly exhibit DRA’s practical strength.
延迟谐振器(DR)是一种主动吸振器,在其谐振频率处具有理想的抑振效果。在本研究中,我们通过引入放大机制(AM)来进一步补充DR设计中的独特机械路径,从而创建DRA。与以往的研究不同,我们更关注的是如何增强阻尼器的理想振动抑制,而我们感兴趣的是阻尼器在不确定性下的行为以及新提出的阻尼器如何减轻产生的负面影响。首先,我们研究了激励频率检测中的不确定性对减振质量、吸振器工作空间和能量成本的影响。然后讨论了控制参数摄动对系统稳定性的影响。本文对经典DR和提出的DRA进行了比较研究,结果表明,AM所带来的性能和鲁棒性的增强几乎是全方位的,同时不会带来额外的控制器复杂性。我们还利用光谱分析表明,AM也可以增强系统的瞬态行为。最后,作为核心研究的三个数值模拟生动地展示了DRA的实用实力。
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引用次数: 6
Resonance Mode and Sound Pressure of a Push-Pull Electrostatic Speaker Based on Elliptical Diaphragm 椭圆振膜推挽式静电扬声器的共振模式及声压
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055561
Hsin-Yuan Chiang, Yu-Hsi Huang
This study modeled an elliptical diaphragm in a push-pull electrostatic speaker using the average displacement, specific impedance and equivalent radius to predict the frequency response in terms of sound pressure level (SPL). We also fabricated a prototype of an electrostatic speaker based on an elliptical diaphragm with fixed rim measuring 32 mm (semi-major axis) by 30 mm (semi-minor axis). The speaker was then used to analyze the frequency-response characteristics associated with resonance modes and displacement curves using the optical measurement, and obtain the SPL curves in an anechoic chamber using the acoustic measurements. The experiment results revealed that the predicted curves were in good agreement with the measured displacement and SPL curves. These curves of the electrostatic speaker were strongly affected by air radiation impedance. When our speaker was implemented in an over-ear electrostatic headphone, we obtained solid bass response and a frequency response typical of high-fidelity headphones.
本研究利用平均位移、比阻抗和等效半径对推拉式静电扬声器中的椭圆振膜进行建模,以声压级(SPL)来预测频率响应。我们还制作了一个基于椭圆膜片的静电扬声器原型,其固定边缘尺寸为32 mm(半长轴)× 30 mm(半短轴)。利用光学测量分析了扬声器的频率响应特性与共振模式和位移曲线的关系,并利用声学测量获得了消声室中的声压级曲线。实验结果表明,预测曲线与实测位移和声压级曲线吻合较好。静电扬声器的这些曲线受空气辐射阻抗的影响较大。当我们的扬声器在耳罩式静电耳机中实现时,我们获得了坚实的低音响应和高保真耳机的典型频率响应。
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引用次数: 0
Develop and verify Energy-Based Statistical Linearization Technique to Analysis Nonlinear Stochastic Vibration of A Spur Gear Pair 开发并验证了基于能量的统计线性化技术对直齿齿轮副非线性随机振动的分析
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055560
J. Taheri Kahnamouei, Jianming Yang
In this article, an energy-based statistical linearization method (SL) is proposed to simulate a nonlinear dynamic model of spur gear pair. The gear pair operates under combined deterministic and random loads, and both backlash and time-varying mesh stiffness are considered in the dynamic model. The equivalent linear function approximates the teeth backlash nonlinearity in the gear model. The energy-based linearization, which minimizes the error in potential energy between the original and equivalent linear systems, is used. Simulations are conducted on a gear-pair, and the effect of the input torque on the dynamic response of the gear pair is then examined. The results demonstrate that for high input torque, the system operates in the linear range. For low input torque, the results are not similar to the original because the system became strongly nonlinear. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to verify the accuracy of the presented method.
本文提出了一种基于能量的统计线性化方法来模拟直齿齿轮副的非线性动力学模型。齿轮副在确定性载荷和随机载荷双重作用下工作,动力学模型同时考虑了齿隙和时变啮合刚度。等效线性函数近似于齿轮模型中的齿隙非线性。采用基于能量的线性化方法,使原始系统和等效线性系统之间的势能误差最小化。以某齿轮副为例进行了仿真,分析了输入转矩对齿轮副动态响应的影响。结果表明,当输入转矩较大时,系统工作在线性范围内。当输入转矩较低时,系统变得强烈非线性,结果与原来不同。通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了所提方法的准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Erratum: “Impact of the unit cell choice on the efficiency of dispersion curve calculations using GBMS” [ASME J. Vibr. Acoust., 2022, 144(2), p. 024501; DOI: 10.1115/1.4051817] 勘误:“使用GBMS计算色散曲线时,单元格选择对效率的影响”[ASME J.振动]。Acoust。生物医学工程学报,2009,44(2),p. 024501;DOI: 10.1115/1.4051817)
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055410
V. Cool, L. Van Belle, C. Claeys, E. Deckers, W. Desmet
In the original publication, the captions of Figures 4 and 5 are correct, but the graphs have been erroneously switched between both figures. In the corrected version below, Figure 4 correctly shows the result of the lattice-based UC in which the computation times of the ROMs exceed the computation time of the FOM, while Figure 5 correctly shows the results of the shifted UC in which the computation times of the ROMs are significantly smaller than the computation time of the FOM.
在原始出版物中,图4和图5的标题是正确的,但是图表在这两个图之间被错误地切换了。在下面的修正版本中,图4正确地显示了基于格子的UC的结果,其中rom的计算次数超过了FOM的计算时间,而图5正确地显示了移位UC的结果,其中rom的计算次数明显小于FOM的计算时间。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear vibration analysis of a generally restrained axially loaded beam structure with a local uniform nonlinear foundation 具有局部均匀非线性基础的一般约束轴向荷载梁结构的非线性振动分析
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055303
J. Du, Yuhao Zhao, Yilin Chen, Yang Liu
Beam structures are widely used in various engineering occasions to model various structures. Numerous researchers have studied dynamic responses of beam structures with nonlinear supports or nonlinear foundations. In engineering, nonlinear supports were subjected to the beam structure through the surface contact rather than the point connection. Few works studied the dynamic behavior of the beam structure with local uniform cubic nonlinear stiffness foundations. Additionally, the boundary rotational restraints of the beam structure are ignored. To improve the engineering acceptance of the beam structure with nonlinearity, it is of great significance to study the dynamic behavior of the generally restrained axially loaded beam structure with a local uniform nonlinear foundation. This work establishes a nonlinear dynamic model of the beam structure with a local uniform nonlinear foundation. Dynamic responses of the beam structure are predicted through the Galerkin truncated method. In Galerkin truncated method, mode functions of the axially loaded beam structure without the local uniform nonlinear foundation are selected as the trail and weight functions. The harmonic balance method is employed to verify the correctness of the Galerkin truncated method. The influence of the sweeping ways and local uniform nonlinear foundation on dynamic responses of the generally restrained axially loaded beam structure is investigated. Dynamic responses of the generally restrained axially loaded beam structure with a local uniform nonlinear foundation are sensitive to its calculation initial values. Suitable parameters of the local uniform nonlinear foundation can suppress the vibration response and transform the vibration state of the beam structure.
梁结构广泛应用于各种工程场合,对各种结构进行建模。许多研究者对具有非线性支撑或非线性基础的梁结构的动力响应进行了研究。在工程中,非线性支撑是通过表面接触而不是点连接来承受梁结构的。对局部均匀三次非线性刚度基础下梁结构动力性能的研究较少。此外,忽略了梁结构的边界转动约束。为提高非线性梁结构的工程验收水平,研究局部均匀非线性基础下普遍约束轴向荷载梁结构的动力特性具有重要意义。本文建立了具有局部均匀非线性基础的梁结构的非线性动力模型。采用伽辽金截断法对梁结构的动力响应进行了预测。在Galerkin截断法中,选取无局部均匀非线性基础的轴向加载梁结构的模态函数作为尾迹函数和权重函数。用谐波平衡法验证了伽辽金截断法的正确性。研究了扫掠方式和局部均匀非线性基础对普遍约束轴向荷载梁结构动力响应的影响。具有局部均匀非线性基础的普遍约束轴向荷载梁结构的动力响应对其计算初始值敏感。适当的局部均匀非线性基础参数可以抑制梁结构的振动响应,改变梁结构的振动状态。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Vibration and Acoustics-Transactions of the Asme
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