Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00916-1
Zacharias Joel Schulze, Franziska Schubert, Christian Ralf Gernhardt, Nele Krayl, Anna Peters, Susanne Unverzagt, Karoline Wagner, Andreas Wienke, Amand Führer
The WHO emphasizes the importance of taking area-level factors into account when formulating public health interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify which area-level factors are associated with children's dental caries in Europe and might therefore be a suitable starting point for public health interventions. We conducted a systematic review based on a search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library including all European studies on caries in children and their area-level factors published since the year 2000 in English or German. We included 39 studies and identified 13 area-level factors investigated in the literature: degree of urbanization, deprivation, mean housing price, gross-national product, mean level of education, unemployment proportion and income, density of supermarkets, snack bars and dental offices, health, diet, and crime. Rural residency and higher unemployment were weakly associated with poorer oral health regarding dental caries. Deprivation showed a stronger (inverse) association. For income, findings were ambiguous; studies showed associations in both directions. For the other determinants, the included studies found no association. Many studies reported associations between place of residence and children's dental caries, but the mediators on this causal path are still not clearly established. The area-level factors analyzed in this review seem to play a role, but more studies with designs that allow causal interpretation of findings are needed to establish solid robust evidence that can be used in the formulation of future health policies.
{"title":"Area-Level Factors of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents in European Neighborhoods - a Systematic Review.","authors":"Zacharias Joel Schulze, Franziska Schubert, Christian Ralf Gernhardt, Nele Krayl, Anna Peters, Susanne Unverzagt, Karoline Wagner, Andreas Wienke, Amand Führer","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00916-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00916-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The WHO emphasizes the importance of taking area-level factors into account when formulating public health interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify which area-level factors are associated with children's dental caries in Europe and might therefore be a suitable starting point for public health interventions. We conducted a systematic review based on a search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library including all European studies on caries in children and their area-level factors published since the year 2000 in English or German. We included 39 studies and identified 13 area-level factors investigated in the literature: degree of urbanization, deprivation, mean housing price, gross-national product, mean level of education, unemployment proportion and income, density of supermarkets, snack bars and dental offices, health, diet, and crime. Rural residency and higher unemployment were weakly associated with poorer oral health regarding dental caries. Deprivation showed a stronger (inverse) association. For income, findings were ambiguous; studies showed associations in both directions. For the other determinants, the included studies found no association. Many studies reported associations between place of residence and children's dental caries, but the mediators on this causal path are still not clearly established. The area-level factors analyzed in this review seem to play a role, but more studies with designs that allow causal interpretation of findings are needed to establish solid robust evidence that can be used in the formulation of future health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00938-9
Julia M Fleckman, Julie Ford, Sophia Eisenberg, Catherine A Taylor, Michelle Kondo, Christopher N Morrison, Charles C Branas, Stacy S Drury, Katherine P Theall
Rates of family violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment, remain high in the USA and contribute to substantial health and economic costs. How neighborhood environment may influence family violence remains poorly understood. We examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned properties and family violence, and the role collective efficacy may play in that relationship. Data were used from a longitudinal cohort of 218 maternal-child dyads in a southern US city known for elevated rates of violence. Women were matched on their propensity score, for living in a neighborhood with elevated vacant and cited properties. Analyses accounting for clustering in neighborhood and matched groups were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence and the potential mediating relationship of collective efficacy. The likelihood of experiencing child maltreatment at 12 months of age was more than twice as high for children living in neighborhoods with high vacant and cited property rates compared with women living in neighborhoods with fewer vacant and cited properties (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.31). Women living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of vacant and cited properties were also more than twice as likely to report IPV (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.21, 5.25). Associations remained mostly stable after controlling for key covariates. Collective efficacy did not act as a mediator in the relationship between vacant and cited properties and family violence. Reducing neighborhood vacant and cited properties may be an important target for interventions focused on reducing family violence.
在美国,包括亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)和虐待儿童在内的家庭暴力发生率居高不下,造成了巨大的健康和经济损失。人们对社区环境如何影响家庭暴力仍然知之甚少。我们研究了邻里空置和废弃房产与家庭暴力之间的关系,以及集体效能在这种关系中可能发挥的作用。我们使用的数据来自美国南部一个以暴力事件高发而闻名的城市中 218 个母子二人组的纵向队列。研究人员根据妇女的倾向得分对其进行了配对,以确定她们是否居住在空置和引证物业较多的社区。对邻里和匹配组的聚类进行了分析,以研究邻里空置和废弃财产与家庭暴力之间的关系,以及集体效能的潜在中介关系。与居住在空置和引用物业较少的社区的妇女相比,居住在空置和引用物业率高的社区的儿童在 12 个月大时遭受虐待的可能性要高出两倍多(OR = 2.11,95% CI = 1.03,4.31)。居住在空置和引用房产较多的社区的女性报告 IPV 的可能性也是其他社区的两倍多(OR = 2.52,95% CI = 1.21,5.25)。在控制了主要的协变量后,这些关联基本保持稳定。在空置和引用物业与家庭暴力之间的关系中,集体效能并没有起到中介作用。减少社区空置和引用房产可能是减少家庭暴力干预措施的一个重要目标。
{"title":"From Neighborhood to Household: Connections Between Neighborhood Vacant and Abandoned Property and Family Violence.","authors":"Julia M Fleckman, Julie Ford, Sophia Eisenberg, Catherine A Taylor, Michelle Kondo, Christopher N Morrison, Charles C Branas, Stacy S Drury, Katherine P Theall","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00938-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00938-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rates of family violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment, remain high in the USA and contribute to substantial health and economic costs. How neighborhood environment may influence family violence remains poorly understood. We examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned properties and family violence, and the role collective efficacy may play in that relationship. Data were used from a longitudinal cohort of 218 maternal-child dyads in a southern US city known for elevated rates of violence. Women were matched on their propensity score, for living in a neighborhood with elevated vacant and cited properties. Analyses accounting for clustering in neighborhood and matched groups were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence and the potential mediating relationship of collective efficacy. The likelihood of experiencing child maltreatment at 12 months of age was more than twice as high for children living in neighborhoods with high vacant and cited property rates compared with women living in neighborhoods with fewer vacant and cited properties (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.31). Women living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of vacant and cited properties were also more than twice as likely to report IPV (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.21, 5.25). Associations remained mostly stable after controlling for key covariates. Collective efficacy did not act as a mediator in the relationship between vacant and cited properties and family violence. Reducing neighborhood vacant and cited properties may be an important target for interventions focused on reducing family violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00921-4
Cláudia Jardim Santos, Ana Henriques, Carla Moreira, Ana Isabel Ribeiro
Using 2022 data from 600 adults (≥ 60 years) in Porto, Portugal, we explored the association between housing insecurity and various health outcomes. We examined housing conditions, affordability, and stability in relation to loneliness, quality of life, cognitive function, perception of healthy ageing, and sleep using regression models. Older adults without house heating (β = 2.293; 95%CI = 0.753, 3.833), with leaks/dampness/rot (β = 3.741; 1.818, 5.664), insufficient daylight (β = 2.787; 0.095, 5.479), living in neighborhoods with noise (β = 1.793, 0.280 to 3.305), pollution/grime (β = 2.580; 0.746, 4.414), and violence/crime/vandalism (β = 3.940; 1.723, 6.157), who faced housing cost overburden (β = 2.001; 0.426, 3.577), eviction (β = 12.651; 0.852, 24.450), and moved frequently (β = 4.129; 1.542, 6.716) exhibited higher levels of loneliness. Similarly, lack of house heating (β = - 1.942; - 3.438, - 0.445), leaks/dampness/rot (β = - 4.157; - 5.999, - 2.316), insufficient daylight (β = - 3.124; - 5.714, - 0.534), noise (β = - 2.143; - 3.600, - 0.686), pollution/grime (β = - 2.093; - 3.860, - 0.325), violence/crime/vandalism (β = - 2.819; - 4.948, - 0.691), and those with housing cost overburden (β = - 2.435; - 3.930, - 0.940) reported lower quality of life. Those with no toilet (β = - 1.891; - 3.760, - 0.021) or shower (β = - 1.891; - 3.760, - 0.021) and who faced forced displacement (β = - 2.179; - 3.516, - 0.842) presented lower cognitive function. Furthermore, those living in neighborhoods with pollution/grime (OR = 0.494; 0.322, 0.756) and violence/crime/vandalism (OR = 0.477; 0.284, 0.801), those in social housing (OR = 0.728; 0.575, 0.922), and those who moved frequently (OR = 0.475; 0.257, 0.879) reported lower levels of perceived healthy ageing. Insufficient sleep was more common among residents in social housing (OR = 2.155; 1.102, 4.213), while poor sleep quality was least likely both among those living in social housing (OR = 0.445; 0.220, 0.900) and affordable housing (OR = 0.381; 0.162, 0.896). Good quality, stable, and affordable housing seems crucial for healthy ageing.
{"title":"Housing Insecurity and Older Adults' Health and Well-Being in a Gentrifying City: Results from the EPIPorto Cohort Study.","authors":"Cláudia Jardim Santos, Ana Henriques, Carla Moreira, Ana Isabel Ribeiro","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00921-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00921-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using 2022 data from 600 adults (≥ 60 years) in Porto, Portugal, we explored the association between housing insecurity and various health outcomes. We examined housing conditions, affordability, and stability in relation to loneliness, quality of life, cognitive function, perception of healthy ageing, and sleep using regression models. Older adults without house heating (β = 2.293; 95%CI = 0.753, 3.833), with leaks/dampness/rot (β = 3.741; 1.818, 5.664), insufficient daylight (β = 2.787; 0.095, 5.479), living in neighborhoods with noise (β = 1.793, 0.280 to 3.305), pollution/grime (β = 2.580; 0.746, 4.414), and violence/crime/vandalism (β = 3.940; 1.723, 6.157), who faced housing cost overburden (β = 2.001; 0.426, 3.577), eviction (β = 12.651; 0.852, 24.450), and moved frequently (β = 4.129; 1.542, 6.716) exhibited higher levels of loneliness. Similarly, lack of house heating (β = - 1.942; - 3.438, - 0.445), leaks/dampness/rot (β = - 4.157; - 5.999, - 2.316), insufficient daylight (β = - 3.124; - 5.714, - 0.534), noise (β = - 2.143; - 3.600, - 0.686), pollution/grime (β = - 2.093; - 3.860, - 0.325), violence/crime/vandalism (β = - 2.819; - 4.948, - 0.691), and those with housing cost overburden (β = - 2.435; - 3.930, - 0.940) reported lower quality of life. Those with no toilet (β = - 1.891; - 3.760, - 0.021) or shower (β = - 1.891; - 3.760, - 0.021) and who faced forced displacement (β = - 2.179; - 3.516, - 0.842) presented lower cognitive function. Furthermore, those living in neighborhoods with pollution/grime (OR = 0.494; 0.322, 0.756) and violence/crime/vandalism (OR = 0.477; 0.284, 0.801), those in social housing (OR = 0.728; 0.575, 0.922), and those who moved frequently (OR = 0.475; 0.257, 0.879) reported lower levels of perceived healthy ageing. Insufficient sleep was more common among residents in social housing (OR = 2.155; 1.102, 4.213), while poor sleep quality was least likely both among those living in social housing (OR = 0.445; 0.220, 0.900) and affordable housing (OR = 0.381; 0.162, 0.896). Good quality, stable, and affordable housing seems crucial for healthy ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19-34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00954-9
Houlin Hong, Hanish P Kodali, Ann F Dunlap, Katarzyna E Wyka, Lorna E Thorpe, Kelly R Evenson, Terry T-K Huang
Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children's health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children's health-related quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported health-related QoL of 201 children aged 3-11 years living within a 0.3-mile radius of 13 renovated parks compared to 197 children living near 11 control parks before and after the park intervention. Health-related QoL was measured using a modified version of the KINDL questionnaire that assessed children's physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, and well-being in home, peer, and school functioning. Linear mixed regression model was used to examine the difference in difference (DID) between the intervention vs. control group for QoL. We found a significant differential improvement in the physical well-being subscale of KINDL in the intervention vs. control group (DID = 6.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-11.85, p = 0.024). The effect was particularly strong among girls (DID = 7.88, p = 0.023) and children of the lowest socio-economic background (p < 0.05). No significant DID was found in other KINDL domains. Our study indicated a beneficial impact of improving park quality on the physical well-being of children residing in underserved neighborhoods. These findings lend support for investments in neighborhood parks to advance health equity.
尽管人们对公园对儿童健康的作用越来越感兴趣,但关于公园干预的影响的实证研究却很少。我们采用准实验前后研究设计和匹配对照来评估公园重新设计和改造对纽约市服务不足社区儿童健康相关生活质量(QoL)的影响,主要是西班牙裔和黑人人口。利用来自体育活动和重新设计的社区空间(PARCS)研究的纵向数据,我们检查了在公园干预前后,生活在13个翻新公园0.3英里半径内的201名3-11岁儿童与生活在11个对照公园附近的197名儿童的父母报告的健康相关的生活质量。与健康相关的生活质量使用KINDL问卷的修改版本进行测量,该问卷评估儿童的身体和情感健康、自尊以及家庭、同伴和学校功能的健康状况。采用线性混合回归模型检验干预组与对照组的生活质量差异(DID)。我们发现干预组与对照组在KINDL的身体健康亚量表上有显著差异改善(DID = 6.35, 95%可信区间[CI] = 0.85-11.85, p = 0.024)。这种影响在女孩(DID = 7.88, p = 0.023)和社会经济背景最低的儿童(p
{"title":"Impact of Park Redesign and Renovation on Children's Health-Related Quality of Life.","authors":"Houlin Hong, Hanish P Kodali, Ann F Dunlap, Katarzyna E Wyka, Lorna E Thorpe, Kelly R Evenson, Terry T-K Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00954-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00954-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children's health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children's health-related quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported health-related QoL of 201 children aged 3-11 years living within a 0.3-mile radius of 13 renovated parks compared to 197 children living near 11 control parks before and after the park intervention. Health-related QoL was measured using a modified version of the KINDL questionnaire that assessed children's physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, and well-being in home, peer, and school functioning. Linear mixed regression model was used to examine the difference in difference (DID) between the intervention vs. control group for QoL. We found a significant differential improvement in the physical well-being subscale of KINDL in the intervention vs. control group (DID = 6.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-11.85, p = 0.024). The effect was particularly strong among girls (DID = 7.88, p = 0.023) and children of the lowest socio-economic background (p < 0.05). No significant DID was found in other KINDL domains. Our study indicated a beneficial impact of improving park quality on the physical well-being of children residing in underserved neighborhoods. These findings lend support for investments in neighborhood parks to advance health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"189-200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00946-9
Brady Bushover, Andrew Kim, Christina A Mehranbod, Leah E Roberts, Ariana N Gobaud, Evan L Eschliman, Carolyn Fish, Xiang Gao, Siddhesh Zadey, Dana E Goin, Christopher N Morrison
Community violence is a major cause of injury and death in the USA. Empirical studies have identified that some place-based interventions of urban private places, such as remediations of vacant lots and buildings, are associated with reductions in community violence in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to examine whether routine maintenance and repair of urban public places (e.g., street construction projects) are also associated with reductions in community violence, proxied by violent crime incidents. This staggered adoption difference-in-difference analysis investigated the association between street construction projects and community violence in New York City from 2010 to 2019, divided into 40 calendar quarters. The units of analysis were street-quarters (n = 155,280). Intervention street-quarters were those with completed projects in 2010-2019; control streets were those where projects were scheduled but not completed before 2019. The outcome of community violence was proxied by counts of crime and violence incidents reported to the New York Police Department, within street-quarters. There were 81,904 street-quarters with any community violence incidents (52.7%). We found that street construction projects were associated with a decrease in reckless endangerment (ATT = - 1.3%; 95% CI = - 2.1%, - 0.4%), robbery (ATT = - 3.4%; 95% CI = - 6.1%, - 0.7%), and weapons offenses (ATT = - 1.6%; 95% CI = - 3.0, - 0.08%) occurring on street-quarters. Street construction projects may be yet another type of place-based intervention to reduce community violence.
在美国,社区暴力是造成伤亡的一个主要原因。实证研究已经确定,对城市私人场所的一些基于地点的干预措施,如对空地和建筑物的修复,与减少周边地区的社区暴力有关。这项研究的目的是检验城市公共场所的日常维护和维修(例如街道建设项目)是否也与以暴力犯罪事件为代表的社区暴力减少有关。这种交错采用差异分析调查了2010年至2019年纽约市街道建设项目与社区暴力之间的关系,分为40个日历季度。分析单位为街道宿舍(n = 155,280)。干预街区是指2010-2019年已完成项目的街区;控制街道是那些计划在2019年之前完成但未完成的项目。社区暴力的结果可以通过向纽约警察局报告的在街区内发生的犯罪和暴力事件的数量来反映。有81,904个街区发生社区暴力事件(52.7%)。我们发现,街道建设项目与鲁莽危害的减少有关(ATT = - 1.3%;95% CI = - 2.1%, - 0.4%),抢劫(ATT = - 3.4%;95% CI = - 6.1% - 0.7%),和武器犯罪(ATT = - 1.6%;95% CI = - 3.0, - 0.08%)。街道建设项目可能是减少社区暴力的另一种基于地点的干预措施。
{"title":"The Association Between Street Construction Projects and Community Violence in New York City.","authors":"Brady Bushover, Andrew Kim, Christina A Mehranbod, Leah E Roberts, Ariana N Gobaud, Evan L Eschliman, Carolyn Fish, Xiang Gao, Siddhesh Zadey, Dana E Goin, Christopher N Morrison","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00946-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00946-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community violence is a major cause of injury and death in the USA. Empirical studies have identified that some place-based interventions of urban private places, such as remediations of vacant lots and buildings, are associated with reductions in community violence in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to examine whether routine maintenance and repair of urban public places (e.g., street construction projects) are also associated with reductions in community violence, proxied by violent crime incidents. This staggered adoption difference-in-difference analysis investigated the association between street construction projects and community violence in New York City from 2010 to 2019, divided into 40 calendar quarters. The units of analysis were street-quarters (n = 155,280). Intervention street-quarters were those with completed projects in 2010-2019; control streets were those where projects were scheduled but not completed before 2019. The outcome of community violence was proxied by counts of crime and violence incidents reported to the New York Police Department, within street-quarters. There were 81,904 street-quarters with any community violence incidents (52.7%). We found that street construction projects were associated with a decrease in reckless endangerment (ATT = - 1.3%; 95% CI = - 2.1%, - 0.4%), robbery (ATT = - 3.4%; 95% CI = - 6.1%, - 0.7%), and weapons offenses (ATT = - 1.6%; 95% CI = - 3.0, - 0.08%) occurring on street-quarters. Street construction projects may be yet another type of place-based intervention to reduce community violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00950-z
Elaina Gonsoroski, James D Tamerius, Glenn Asaeda, Doug A Isaacs, James Braun, Richard Remigio, Rachael Cofield, John T Bandzuh, Christopher K Uejio
Understanding when and where heat adversely influences health outcomes is critical for targeting interventions and adaptations. However, few studies have analyzed the role of indoor heat exposures on acute health outcomes. To address this research gap, the study partnered with the New York City Fire Department Emergency Medical Services. Paramedics carried portable sensors that passively measured indoor temperatures at 3-min intervals while responding to calls during summer, 2016. Patient care reports provided the patient's chief health complaint and sociodemographic and health status information. Propensity score matching increased comparability between groups exposed to elevated indoor temperature versus those unexposed. To assess indoor heat-health associations, we conducted independent case-control studies between indoor heat exposures and cardiovascular (n = 735) and respiratory (n = 296) emergency medical calls when compared to heat-insensitive controls (n = 1611). Patients experiencing heat exposures (indoor temperature ≥ 28 °C) were not significantly more likely (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.64-2.09) to receive care for respiratory conditions. Both outdoor and indoor temperatures increased the odds of receiving care for cardiovascular versus comparison calls. Outdoor temperatures consistently elevated cardiovascular risks (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19). There was some evidence that indoor temperatures further increased the odds of cardiovascular distress (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.97-2.13). Sensitivity testing suggested indoor temperatures at a lower threshold (≥ 26 °C) were unrelated to either health outcome. Along with converging lines of evidence linking extreme heat to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, we present one of the first indoor heat observational studies.
{"title":"Respiratory and Cardiovascular Medical Emergency Calls Related to Indoor Heat Exposure through a Case-Control Study in New York City.","authors":"Elaina Gonsoroski, James D Tamerius, Glenn Asaeda, Doug A Isaacs, James Braun, Richard Remigio, Rachael Cofield, John T Bandzuh, Christopher K Uejio","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00950-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00950-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding when and where heat adversely influences health outcomes is critical for targeting interventions and adaptations. However, few studies have analyzed the role of indoor heat exposures on acute health outcomes. To address this research gap, the study partnered with the New York City Fire Department Emergency Medical Services. Paramedics carried portable sensors that passively measured indoor temperatures at 3-min intervals while responding to calls during summer, 2016. Patient care reports provided the patient's chief health complaint and sociodemographic and health status information. Propensity score matching increased comparability between groups exposed to elevated indoor temperature versus those unexposed. To assess indoor heat-health associations, we conducted independent case-control studies between indoor heat exposures and cardiovascular (n = 735) and respiratory (n = 296) emergency medical calls when compared to heat-insensitive controls (n = 1611). Patients experiencing heat exposures (indoor temperature ≥ 28 °C) were not significantly more likely (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.64-2.09) to receive care for respiratory conditions. Both outdoor and indoor temperatures increased the odds of receiving care for cardiovascular versus comparison calls. Outdoor temperatures consistently elevated cardiovascular risks (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19). There was some evidence that indoor temperatures further increased the odds of cardiovascular distress (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.97-2.13). Sensitivity testing suggested indoor temperatures at a lower threshold (≥ 26 °C) were unrelated to either health outcome. Along with converging lines of evidence linking extreme heat to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, we present one of the first indoor heat observational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00952-x
Jeannette R Ickovics, Karl Astbury, Malcolm Campbell, Daniel Carrión, Hannah James, Nandini Sinha, Abby Ong, Robert Dubrow, Karen C Seto, David Vlahov
Rapid urbanization and escalating climate crises place cities at the critical juncture of environmental and public health action. Urban areas are home to more than half of the global population, contributing ~ 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Structured surveys were completed by 191 leaders in city governments and civil society from 118 cities in 52 countries (February-April 2024). Data aggregated to report one response per city. The survey utilized framework and indicators established by The 2023 Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change. (1) Health hazards, exposures, impacts: two-thirds of cities identify extreme heat, flooding, and air pollution of "high concern," with health impacts for residents. (2) Adaptation, planning, resilience for health: Although 60% of cities have climate resilience plans, only 22.9% of cities have plans that concurrently address climate and health. Essential resources, municipal systems, and cross-sector collaborations are limited. (3) Mitigation actions and health co-benefits: 90% of cities reported air pollution from multiple sources; only 38% monitor air quality. Energy, food, and transportation systems are sub-optimal to mitigate climate concerns. (4) Economics and finance: 92% of cities report climate change-related economic losses; they plan to increase investments though resources remain constrained. (5) Public and political engagement: City leaders report minimal knowledge sharing among media, national/local government, scientific community, business community, and residents. Results underscore urgency for action and highlight solutions, providing a roadmap for cities to enhance resilience, safeguard public health, and promote social equity.
{"title":"Indicators from The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change: Perspectives and Experience of City Leaders from 118 Cities.","authors":"Jeannette R Ickovics, Karl Astbury, Malcolm Campbell, Daniel Carrión, Hannah James, Nandini Sinha, Abby Ong, Robert Dubrow, Karen C Seto, David Vlahov","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00952-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00952-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid urbanization and escalating climate crises place cities at the critical juncture of environmental and public health action. Urban areas are home to more than half of the global population, contributing ~ 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Structured surveys were completed by 191 leaders in city governments and civil society from 118 cities in 52 countries (February-April 2024). Data aggregated to report one response per city. The survey utilized framework and indicators established by The 2023 Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change. (1) Health hazards, exposures, impacts: two-thirds of cities identify extreme heat, flooding, and air pollution of \"high concern,\" with health impacts for residents. (2) Adaptation, planning, resilience for health: Although 60% of cities have climate resilience plans, only 22.9% of cities have plans that concurrently address climate and health. Essential resources, municipal systems, and cross-sector collaborations are limited. (3) Mitigation actions and health co-benefits: 90% of cities reported air pollution from multiple sources; only 38% monitor air quality. Energy, food, and transportation systems are sub-optimal to mitigate climate concerns. (4) Economics and finance: 92% of cities report climate change-related economic losses; they plan to increase investments though resources remain constrained. (5) Public and political engagement: City leaders report minimal knowledge sharing among media, national/local government, scientific community, business community, and residents. Results underscore urgency for action and highlight solutions, providing a roadmap for cities to enhance resilience, safeguard public health, and promote social equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":"102 1","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00947-8
Audrius Dėdelė, Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė, Regina Gražulevičienė, Sandra Andrušaitytė, Auksė Miškinytė
Environmental noise pollution is one of the biggest concerns and the most important challenges in urban areas. Evidence from epidemiological studies shows that acoustic pollution can impact human health, and the effects may be stronger in susceptible and sensitive individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the individual exposure to road transport noise for preschool children in the residential environment and to assess its impact on children's psychological health. This is the first representative large-scale noise impact study in Lithuania aimed at the psychological health of children. A total of 1457 parent-child pairs were involved in the study. Residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport in Kaunas agglomeration, Lithuania was determined by applying geographic information systems and strategic noise mapping. A standardized Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess psychological health problems in children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport and children's psychological health. The results of the study showed that the risk of hyperactivity and total scale difficulties increased statistically significantly up to 77% and up to 48%, respectively, in the highest noise (Lnight ≥ 50 dB) exposure. The obtained results provide new knowledge about the relationship between road traffic noise in the residential environment and the psychological health of preschool children.
{"title":"Association Between Residential Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Psychological Health in Preschool Children.","authors":"Audrius Dėdelė, Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė, Regina Gražulevičienė, Sandra Andrušaitytė, Auksė Miškinytė","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00947-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00947-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental noise pollution is one of the biggest concerns and the most important challenges in urban areas. Evidence from epidemiological studies shows that acoustic pollution can impact human health, and the effects may be stronger in susceptible and sensitive individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the individual exposure to road transport noise for preschool children in the residential environment and to assess its impact on children's psychological health. This is the first representative large-scale noise impact study in Lithuania aimed at the psychological health of children. A total of 1457 parent-child pairs were involved in the study. Residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport in Kaunas agglomeration, Lithuania was determined by applying geographic information systems and strategic noise mapping. A standardized Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess psychological health problems in children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport and children's psychological health. The results of the study showed that the risk of hyperactivity and total scale difficulties increased statistically significantly up to 77% and up to 48%, respectively, in the highest noise (L<sub>night</sub> ≥ 50 dB) exposure. The obtained results provide new knowledge about the relationship between road traffic noise in the residential environment and the psychological health of preschool children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00926-z
Liang Chen, Bruce C Mitchell, Jason Richardson, Helen C S Meier
This study investigates the relationship between home mortgages and neighborhood mental health across the 18 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. Home mortgages, a primary avenue to homeownership, contribute to housing security and stability. Moreover, their issuance reflects local investment and potential improvements in the built environment, hypothesized to positively influence community mental well-being. Using census tract-level data from multiple sources, we employed a spatial econometric approach, specifically spatial error modeling, to account for spatial dependency and estimate the association between home mortgage lending (2011 to 2020) and the prevalence of self-reported poor mental health in 2020. Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative association between mortgage issuance and self-reported poor mental health across all 18 MSAs, suggesting that increased mortgage lending is associated with improved neighborhood mental health. Comparisons between standard linear models and spatial error models highlight the influence of unmeasured, spatially correlated factors on neighborhood mental health outcomes. This study underscores mortgage lending as a crucial factor in community well-being and emphasizes the necessity of addressing spatial dependency in neighborhood health studies for accurate estimations. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to enhance community mental health and address health disparities through informed housing policies.
{"title":"Home Mortgage Lending and Neighborhood Mental Health: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of 18 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas.","authors":"Liang Chen, Bruce C Mitchell, Jason Richardson, Helen C S Meier","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00926-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00926-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the relationship between home mortgages and neighborhood mental health across the 18 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. Home mortgages, a primary avenue to homeownership, contribute to housing security and stability. Moreover, their issuance reflects local investment and potential improvements in the built environment, hypothesized to positively influence community mental well-being. Using census tract-level data from multiple sources, we employed a spatial econometric approach, specifically spatial error modeling, to account for spatial dependency and estimate the association between home mortgage lending (2011 to 2020) and the prevalence of self-reported poor mental health in 2020. Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative association between mortgage issuance and self-reported poor mental health across all 18 MSAs, suggesting that increased mortgage lending is associated with improved neighborhood mental health. Comparisons between standard linear models and spatial error models highlight the influence of unmeasured, spatially correlated factors on neighborhood mental health outcomes. This study underscores mortgage lending as a crucial factor in community well-being and emphasizes the necessity of addressing spatial dependency in neighborhood health studies for accurate estimations. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to enhance community mental health and address health disparities through informed housing policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"35-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00945-w
Dialechti Tsimpida, Anastasia Tsakiridi
Environmental noise is a significant public health concern, ranking among the top environmental risks to citizens' health and quality of life. Despite extensive research on atmospheric pollution's impact on mental health, spatial studies on noise pollution effects are lacking. This study fills this gap by exploring the association between noise pollution and depression in England, with a focus on localised patterns based on area deprivation. Depression prevalence, defined as the percentage of patients with a recorded depression diagnosis, was calculated for small areas within Cheshire and Merseyside ICS using the Quality and Outcomes Framework Indicators dataset for 2019. Strategic noise mapping for rail and road noise (Lden) was used to measure 24-h annual average noise levels, with adjustments for evening and night periods. The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was employed to represent neighborhood deprivation. Geographically weighted regression and generalised structural equation spatial modeling (GSESM) assessed the relationships between transportation noise, depression prevalence, and IMD at the Lower Super Output Area level. The study found that while transportation noise had a low direct effect on depression levels, it significantly mediated other factors associated with depression. Notably, GSESM showed that health deprivation and disability were strongly linked (0.62) to depression through the indirect effect of noise, especially where transportation noise exceeds 55 dB on a 24-h basis. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing noise mitigation strategies. This research offers new insights into noise, deprivation, and mental health, supporting targeted interventions to improve quality of life and address health inequalities.
环境噪声是一个重大的公共卫生问题,是影响公民健康和生活质量的最大环境风险之一。尽管对大气污染对心理健康的影响研究广泛,但对噪声污染影响的空间研究还很缺乏。这项研究通过探索英国噪音污染和抑郁症之间的联系来填补这一空白,重点关注基于区域剥夺的局部模式。使用2019年质量和结果框架指标数据集,对柴郡和默西塞德郡ICS内的小区域计算了抑郁症患病率,定义为记录在案的抑郁症诊断患者的百分比。铁路和道路噪音策略地图(Lden)用于测量24小时的年平均噪音水平,并根据傍晚和夜间进行调整。用英语多重剥夺指数(英语Index of Multiple Deprivation, IMD)来表示邻里剥夺。地理加权回归和广义结构方程空间模型(GSESM)评估了交通噪音、抑郁症患病率和低超级输出区水平的IMD之间的关系。研究发现,虽然交通噪音对抑郁水平的直接影响不大,但它显著地介导了与抑郁相关的其他因素。值得注意的是,GSESM表明,健康剥夺和残疾通过噪音的间接影响与抑郁密切相关(0.62),特别是在24小时交通噪音超过55分贝的情况下。了解这些变化对于制定噪声缓解策略至关重要。这项研究为噪音、剥夺和心理健康提供了新的见解,支持有针对性的干预措施,以提高生活质量和解决健康不平等问题。
{"title":"The Relationship between Noise Pollution and Depression and Implications for Healthy Aging: A Spatial Analysis Using Routinely Collected Primary Care Data.","authors":"Dialechti Tsimpida, Anastasia Tsakiridi","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00945-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00945-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental noise is a significant public health concern, ranking among the top environmental risks to citizens' health and quality of life. Despite extensive research on atmospheric pollution's impact on mental health, spatial studies on noise pollution effects are lacking. This study fills this gap by exploring the association between noise pollution and depression in England, with a focus on localised patterns based on area deprivation. Depression prevalence, defined as the percentage of patients with a recorded depression diagnosis, was calculated for small areas within Cheshire and Merseyside ICS using the Quality and Outcomes Framework Indicators dataset for 2019. Strategic noise mapping for rail and road noise (Lden) was used to measure 24-h annual average noise levels, with adjustments for evening and night periods. The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was employed to represent neighborhood deprivation. Geographically weighted regression and generalised structural equation spatial modeling (GSESM) assessed the relationships between transportation noise, depression prevalence, and IMD at the Lower Super Output Area level. The study found that while transportation noise had a low direct effect on depression levels, it significantly mediated other factors associated with depression. Notably, GSESM showed that health deprivation and disability were strongly linked (0.62) to depression through the indirect effect of noise, especially where transportation noise exceeds 55 dB on a 24-h basis. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing noise mitigation strategies. This research offers new insights into noise, deprivation, and mental health, supporting targeted interventions to improve quality of life and address health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}