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Impact of Park Redesign and Renovation on Children's Health-Related Quality of Life. 公园重新设计与改造对儿童健康相关生活质量的影响
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00954-9
Houlin Hong, Hanish P Kodali, Ann F Dunlap, Katarzyna E Wyka, Lorna E Thorpe, Kelly R Evenson, Terry T-K Huang

Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children's health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children's health-related quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported health-related QoL of 201 children aged 3-11 years living within a 0.3-mile radius of 13 renovated parks compared to 197 children living near 11 control parks before and after the park intervention. Health-related QoL was measured using a modified version of the KINDL questionnaire that assessed children's physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, and well-being in home, peer, and school functioning. Linear mixed regression model was used to examine the difference in difference (DID) between the intervention vs. control group for QoL. We found a significant differential improvement in the physical well-being subscale of KINDL in the intervention vs. control group (DID = 6.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-11.85, p = 0.024). The effect was particularly strong among girls (DID = 7.88, p = 0.023) and children of the lowest socio-economic background (p < 0.05). No significant DID was found in other KINDL domains. Our study indicated a beneficial impact of improving park quality on the physical well-being of children residing in underserved neighborhoods. These findings lend support for investments in neighborhood parks to advance health equity.

尽管人们对公园对儿童健康的作用越来越感兴趣,但关于公园干预的影响的实证研究却很少。我们采用准实验前后研究设计和匹配对照来评估公园重新设计和改造对纽约市服务不足社区儿童健康相关生活质量(QoL)的影响,主要是西班牙裔和黑人人口。利用来自体育活动和重新设计的社区空间(PARCS)研究的纵向数据,我们检查了在公园干预前后,生活在13个翻新公园0.3英里半径内的201名3-11岁儿童与生活在11个对照公园附近的197名儿童的父母报告的健康相关的生活质量。与健康相关的生活质量使用KINDL问卷的修改版本进行测量,该问卷评估儿童的身体和情感健康、自尊以及家庭、同伴和学校功能的健康状况。采用线性混合回归模型检验干预组与对照组的生活质量差异(DID)。我们发现干预组与对照组在KINDL的身体健康亚量表上有显著差异改善(DID = 6.35, 95%可信区间[CI] = 0.85-11.85, p = 0.024)。这种影响在女孩(DID = 7.88, p = 0.023)和社会经济背景最低的儿童(p
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引用次数: 0
The Association Between Street Construction Projects and Community Violence in New York City. 纽约市街道建设项目与社区暴力之间的关系。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00946-9
Brady Bushover, Andrew Kim, Christina A Mehranbod, Leah E Roberts, Ariana N Gobaud, Evan L Eschliman, Carolyn Fish, Xiang Gao, Siddhesh Zadey, Dana E Goin, Christopher N Morrison

Community violence is a major cause of injury and death in the USA. Empirical studies have identified that some place-based interventions of urban private places, such as remediations of vacant lots and buildings, are associated with reductions in community violence in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to examine whether routine maintenance and repair of urban public places (e.g., street construction projects) are also associated with reductions in community violence, proxied by violent crime incidents. This staggered adoption difference-in-difference analysis investigated the association between street construction projects and community violence in New York City from 2010 to 2019, divided into 40 calendar quarters. The units of analysis were street-quarters (n = 155,280). Intervention street-quarters were those with completed projects in 2010-2019; control streets were those where projects were scheduled but not completed before 2019. The outcome of community violence was proxied by counts of crime and violence incidents reported to the New York Police Department, within street-quarters. There were 81,904 street-quarters with any community violence incidents (52.7%). We found that street construction projects were associated with a decrease in reckless endangerment (ATT = - 1.3%; 95% CI = - 2.1%, - 0.4%), robbery (ATT = - 3.4%; 95% CI = - 6.1%, - 0.7%), and weapons offenses (ATT = - 1.6%; 95% CI = - 3.0, - 0.08%) occurring on street-quarters. Street construction projects may be yet another type of place-based intervention to reduce community violence.

在美国,社区暴力是造成伤亡的一个主要原因。实证研究已经确定,对城市私人场所的一些基于地点的干预措施,如对空地和建筑物的修复,与减少周边地区的社区暴力有关。这项研究的目的是检验城市公共场所的日常维护和维修(例如街道建设项目)是否也与以暴力犯罪事件为代表的社区暴力减少有关。这种交错采用差异分析调查了2010年至2019年纽约市街道建设项目与社区暴力之间的关系,分为40个日历季度。分析单位为街道宿舍(n = 155,280)。干预街区是指2010-2019年已完成项目的街区;控制街道是那些计划在2019年之前完成但未完成的项目。社区暴力的结果可以通过向纽约警察局报告的在街区内发生的犯罪和暴力事件的数量来反映。有81,904个街区发生社区暴力事件(52.7%)。我们发现,街道建设项目与鲁莽危害的减少有关(ATT = - 1.3%;95% CI = - 2.1%, - 0.4%),抢劫(ATT = - 3.4%;95% CI = - 6.1% - 0.7%),和武器犯罪(ATT = - 1.6%;95% CI = - 3.0, - 0.08%)。街道建设项目可能是减少社区暴力的另一种基于地点的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Medical Emergency Calls Related to Indoor Heat Exposure through a Case-Control Study in New York City.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00950-z
Elaina Gonsoroski, James D Tamerius, Glenn Asaeda, Doug A Isaacs, James Braun, Richard Remigio, Rachael Cofield, John T Bandzuh, Christopher K Uejio

Understanding when and where heat adversely influences health outcomes is critical for targeting interventions and adaptations. However, few studies have analyzed the role of indoor heat exposures on acute health outcomes. To address this research gap, the study partnered with the New York City Fire Department Emergency Medical Services. Paramedics carried portable sensors that passively measured indoor temperatures at 3-min intervals while responding to calls during summer, 2016. Patient care reports provided the patient's chief health complaint and sociodemographic and health status information. Propensity score matching increased comparability between groups exposed to elevated indoor temperature versus those unexposed. To assess indoor heat-health associations, we conducted independent case-control studies between indoor heat exposures and cardiovascular (n = 735) and respiratory (n = 296) emergency medical calls when compared to heat-insensitive controls (n = 1611). Patients experiencing heat exposures (indoor temperature ≥ 28 °C) were not significantly more likely (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.64-2.09) to receive care for respiratory conditions. Both outdoor and indoor temperatures increased the odds of receiving care for cardiovascular versus comparison calls. Outdoor temperatures consistently elevated cardiovascular risks (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19). There was some evidence that indoor temperatures further increased the odds of cardiovascular distress (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.97-2.13). Sensitivity testing suggested indoor temperatures at a lower threshold (≥ 26 °C) were unrelated to either health outcome. Along with converging lines of evidence linking extreme heat to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, we present one of the first indoor heat observational studies.

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引用次数: 0
Indicators from The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change: Perspectives and Experience of City Leaders from 118 Cities.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00952-x
Jeannette R Ickovics, Karl Astbury, Malcolm Campbell, Daniel Carrión, Hannah James, Nandini Sinha, Abby Ong, Robert Dubrow, Karen C Seto, David Vlahov

Rapid urbanization and escalating climate crises place cities at the critical juncture of environmental and public health action. Urban areas are home to more than half of the global population, contributing ~ 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Structured surveys were completed by 191 leaders in city governments and civil society from 118 cities in 52 countries (February-April 2024). Data aggregated to report one response per city. The survey utilized framework and indicators established by The 2023 Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change. (1) Health hazards, exposures, impacts: two-thirds of cities identify extreme heat, flooding, and air pollution of "high concern," with health impacts for residents. (2) Adaptation, planning, resilience for health: Although 60% of cities have climate resilience plans, only 22.9% of cities have plans that concurrently address climate and health. Essential resources, municipal systems, and cross-sector collaborations are limited. (3) Mitigation actions and health co-benefits: 90% of cities reported air pollution from multiple sources; only 38% monitor air quality. Energy, food, and transportation systems are sub-optimal to mitigate climate concerns. (4) Economics and finance: 92% of cities report climate change-related economic losses; they plan to increase investments though resources remain constrained. (5) Public and political engagement: City leaders report minimal knowledge sharing among media, national/local government, scientific community, business community, and residents. Results underscore urgency for action and highlight solutions, providing a roadmap for cities to enhance resilience, safeguard public health, and promote social equity.

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引用次数: 0
Association Between Residential Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Psychological Health in Preschool Children. 住宅道路交通噪声暴露与学龄前儿童心理健康的关系
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00947-8
Audrius Dėdelė, Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė, Regina Gražulevičienė, Sandra Andrušaitytė, Auksė Miškinytė

Environmental noise pollution is one of the biggest concerns and the most important challenges in urban areas. Evidence from epidemiological studies shows that acoustic pollution can impact human health, and the effects may be stronger in susceptible and sensitive individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the individual exposure to road transport noise for preschool children in the residential environment and to assess its impact on children's psychological health. This is the first representative large-scale noise impact study in Lithuania aimed at the psychological health of children. A total of 1457 parent-child pairs were involved in the study. Residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport in Kaunas agglomeration, Lithuania was determined by applying geographic information systems and strategic noise mapping. A standardized Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess psychological health problems in children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport and children's psychological health. The results of the study showed that the risk of hyperactivity and total scale difficulties increased statistically significantly up to 77% and up to 48%, respectively, in the highest noise (Lnight ≥ 50 dB) exposure. The obtained results provide new knowledge about the relationship between road traffic noise in the residential environment and the psychological health of preschool children.

环境噪声污染是城市最大的问题和最重要的挑战之一。来自流行病学研究的证据表明,声污染会影响人类健康,对易感和敏感个体的影响可能更大。本研究的目的是确定居住环境中学龄前儿童对道路交通噪声的个体暴露,并评估其对儿童心理健康的影响。这是立陶宛第一个针对儿童心理健康的具有代表性的大规模噪音影响研究。共有1457对亲子对参与了这项研究。通过应用地理信息系统和战略噪声制图,确定了立陶宛考纳斯集聚区道路运输引起的环境噪声暴露。采用标准化的优势与困难问卷(SDQ)评估儿童心理健康问题。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定道路交通环境噪声暴露与儿童心理健康的关系。研究结果显示,在最高噪声(Lnight≥50 dB)暴露下,多动和总量表困难的风险分别增加了77%和48%。研究结果为居住区道路交通噪声与学龄前儿童心理健康的关系提供了新的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Home Mortgage Lending and Neighborhood Mental Health: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of 18 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas. 住房抵押贷款与邻里心理健康:美国 18 个大都会统计区的空间计量经济学分析》。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00926-z
Liang Chen, Bruce C Mitchell, Jason Richardson, Helen C S Meier

This study investigates the relationship between home mortgages and neighborhood mental health across the 18 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. Home mortgages, a primary avenue to homeownership, contribute to housing security and stability. Moreover, their issuance reflects local investment and potential improvements in the built environment, hypothesized to positively influence community mental well-being. Using census tract-level data from multiple sources, we employed a spatial econometric approach, specifically spatial error modeling, to account for spatial dependency and estimate the association between home mortgage lending (2011 to 2020) and the prevalence of self-reported poor mental health in 2020. Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative association between mortgage issuance and self-reported poor mental health across all 18 MSAs, suggesting that increased mortgage lending is associated with improved neighborhood mental health. Comparisons between standard linear models and spatial error models highlight the influence of unmeasured, spatially correlated factors on neighborhood mental health outcomes. This study underscores mortgage lending as a crucial factor in community well-being and emphasizes the necessity of addressing spatial dependency in neighborhood health studies for accurate estimations. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to enhance community mental health and address health disparities through informed housing policies.

本研究调查了美国 18 个最大的都市统计区(MSA)中住房抵押贷款与邻里心理健康之间的关系。住房抵押贷款是获得住房所有权的主要途径,有助于住房安全和稳定。此外,住房抵押贷款的发放反映了当地对建筑环境的投资和潜在改善,这被认为会对社区的心理健康产生积极影响。利用多种来源的人口普查区级数据,我们采用了空间计量经济学方法,特别是空间误差建模,来考虑空间依赖性,并估算住房抵押贷款(2011 年至 2020 年)与 2020 年自我报告的精神健康不良率之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明,在所有 18 个 MSA 中,住房抵押贷款的发放与自我报告的心理健康状况不良之间存在统计意义上的显著负相关,这表明住房抵押贷款的增加与邻里心理健康状况的改善有关。标准线性模型和空间误差模型之间的比较凸显了未测量的空间相关因素对邻里心理健康结果的影响。这项研究强调了抵押贷款是影响社区福祉的一个关键因素,并强调了在邻里健康研究中解决空间依赖性问题以进行准确估算的必要性。研究结果为研究人员和政策制定者提供了宝贵的见解,这些研究人员和政策制定者旨在通过知情的住房政策来提高社区心理健康水平并解决健康差异问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship between Noise Pollution and Depression and Implications for Healthy Aging: A Spatial Analysis Using Routinely Collected Primary Care Data. 噪声污染与抑郁的关系及其对健康老龄化的影响:基于常规初级保健数据的空间分析。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00945-w
Dialechti Tsimpida, Anastasia Tsakiridi

Environmental noise is a significant public health concern, ranking among the top environmental risks to citizens' health and quality of life. Despite extensive research on atmospheric pollution's impact on mental health, spatial studies on noise pollution effects are lacking. This study fills this gap by exploring the association between noise pollution and depression in England, with a focus on localised patterns based on area deprivation. Depression prevalence, defined as the percentage of patients with a recorded depression diagnosis, was calculated for small areas within Cheshire and Merseyside ICS using the Quality and Outcomes Framework Indicators dataset for 2019. Strategic noise mapping for rail and road noise (Lden) was used to measure 24-h annual average noise levels, with adjustments for evening and night periods. The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was employed to represent neighborhood deprivation. Geographically weighted regression and generalised structural equation spatial modeling (GSESM) assessed the relationships between transportation noise, depression prevalence, and IMD at the Lower Super Output Area level. The study found that while transportation noise had a low direct effect on depression levels, it significantly mediated other factors associated with depression. Notably, GSESM showed that health deprivation and disability were strongly linked (0.62) to depression through the indirect effect of noise, especially where transportation noise exceeds 55 dB on a 24-h basis. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing noise mitigation strategies. This research offers new insights into noise, deprivation, and mental health, supporting targeted interventions to improve quality of life and address health inequalities.

环境噪声是一个重大的公共卫生问题,是影响公民健康和生活质量的最大环境风险之一。尽管对大气污染对心理健康的影响研究广泛,但对噪声污染影响的空间研究还很缺乏。这项研究通过探索英国噪音污染和抑郁症之间的联系来填补这一空白,重点关注基于区域剥夺的局部模式。使用2019年质量和结果框架指标数据集,对柴郡和默西塞德郡ICS内的小区域计算了抑郁症患病率,定义为记录在案的抑郁症诊断患者的百分比。铁路和道路噪音策略地图(Lden)用于测量24小时的年平均噪音水平,并根据傍晚和夜间进行调整。用英语多重剥夺指数(英语Index of Multiple Deprivation, IMD)来表示邻里剥夺。地理加权回归和广义结构方程空间模型(GSESM)评估了交通噪音、抑郁症患病率和低超级输出区水平的IMD之间的关系。研究发现,虽然交通噪音对抑郁水平的直接影响不大,但它显著地介导了与抑郁相关的其他因素。值得注意的是,GSESM表明,健康剥夺和残疾通过噪音的间接影响与抑郁密切相关(0.62),特别是在24小时交通噪音超过55分贝的情况下。了解这些变化对于制定噪声缓解策略至关重要。这项研究为噪音、剥夺和心理健康提供了新的见解,支持有针对性的干预措施,以提高生活质量和解决健康不平等问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Contribution of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neighborhood Characteristics on Outcomes Experienced by Urban Dwelling Black Men After Serious Traumatic Injury.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00956-7
Therese S Richmond, Ryan Quinn, Anna Duan, Christopher N Morrison, Nancy Kassam-Adams, Augustine Cassis Obeng Boateng, Sara F Jacoby

Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are serious consequences of physical injuries. Stress associated with living in urban neighborhoods with socioecological disadvantages and the cumulative burdens of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to poorer psychological outcomes. Limited research has explored how ACEs and socioecological environmental exposures in childhood and adulthood, together, impact post-injury outcomes. This study assessed the relative contributions of ACEs and neighborhood exposures during childhood and adulthood on post-injury outcomes among Black men in Philadelphia. We used data from a prospective cohort of 414 Black men from the Philadelphia region, aged ≥ 18 years, who sustained acute physical injuries requiring hospitalization. Primary outcomes were post-injury PTSD and depression. Secondary outcomes were sleep quality, self-reported health status, changes in substance use, and return to work. The study used perceived and objective measures of neighborhood characteristics and self-reported ACEs to model their relative impact on outcomes 3 months after hospital discharge. Higher levels of ACEs and higher perceived neighborhood disorder during childhood and adulthood were significant predictors of PTSD and depression symptom severity. Perceived neighborhood disorder contributed to sleep disturbances and decline in post-injury health. Census/administrative objective measures of neighborhood disadvantage did not show consistent associations with post-injury outcomes. Findings suggest that both ACEs and subjective perception of neighborhood environments are critical factors influencing post-injury recovery in urban Black men. Interventions to improve post-injury outcomes should consider preventing ACEs and addressing the tangible conditions of neighborhoods and residents' perceptions of their surroundings to promote health equity and injury recovery.

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引用次数: 0
Effect of Perceived Neighborhood Environment on Cannabis Use during Pregnancy among African American Women. 感知邻里环境对非裔美国妇女怀孕期间大麻使用的影响。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00958-5
Ban Al-Sahab, Cassandra LaMarche, Xiaoyu Liang, Rhonda Dailey, Dawn P Misra

Environmental context is an important predictor of health behavior. Understanding its effect on cannabis use among pregnant women is yet to be understood. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of perceived neighborhood environment on prenatal cannabis use and explore the mediating role of stress. Data are from the Life-Course Influences on Fetal Environments Study (LIFE), a retrospective cohort of postpartum African American women in Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan (2009-2011). Prenatal cannabis use was defined as self-reported ever use during pregnancy. Three perceived neighborhood scales were considered: social cohesion and trust, social disorder, and danger and safety. Out of 1,369 women, 151 (11.0%) self-reported using cannabis during pregnancy. After adjusting for age, marital status, income, years of education, and general social support scale, the odds of cannabis use significantly increased among the lowest quartiles of all the neighborhood scales suggesting higher cannabis use among women who perceived their neighborhoods to have the worst conditions. Compared to the highest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for the lowest quartiles for social cohesion and trust, social disorder, and danger and safety were 1.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-3.03), 1.83 (95% CI: 1.15-2.91), and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.12-3.31) respectively. Evidence of mediation by perceived stress was only present between the association of perceived levels of safety and danger with cannabis use during pregnancy. Future prospective studies are warranted to understand the causal associations between individual correlates and social and physical environmental factors of prenatal cannabis use.

环境背景是健康行为的重要预测因素。目前还不清楚它对孕妇使用大麻的影响。本研究的目的是评估感知邻里环境对产前大麻使用的影响,并探讨压力的中介作用。数据来自生命历程对胎儿环境的影响研究(LIFE),这是一项对2009-2011年密歇根州底特律大都会非裔美国妇女产后的回顾性队列研究。产前大麻使用被定义为自我报告在怀孕期间使用过大麻。考虑了三个感知社区尺度:社会凝聚力和信任,社会混乱,危险和安全。在1,369名妇女中,151名(11.0%)自我报告在怀孕期间使用大麻。在调整了年龄、婚姻状况、收入、受教育年限和一般社会支持量表后,在所有社区量表的最低四分位数中,大麻使用的几率显著增加,这表明在认为社区条件最差的女性中,大麻使用的几率更高。与最高四分位数相比,最低四分位数在社会凝聚力和信任、社会混乱、危险和安全方面的比值比(OR)分别为1.77(95%可信区间(CI): 1.04-3.03)、1.83 (95% CI: 1.15-2.91)和1.93 (95% CI: 1.12-3.31)。通过感知压力调解的证据仅存在于感知安全水平与怀孕期间使用大麻的危险之间的关联。未来的前瞻性研究有必要了解个体相关因素和产前大麻使用的社会和物理环境因素之间的因果关系。
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引用次数: 0
Historical Redlining and Community-Reported Housing Quality: A Spatial Analysis. 历史红线与社区报告的住房质量:空间分析。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00935-y
Salvatore Milletich, Andres Manrique, Sonia Karsan, Tamara Spikes, Anuj Nanavanti, Jared Bailey, Eric Coker, Christine C Ekenga

Historical redlining, a racially discriminatory practice implemented by the US government in the 1930s, has been associated with present-day environmental outcomes. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary housing quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary housing quality in Atlanta, Georgia. Spatial patterns of housing code violation complaints from 2015 to 2019 were examined using point-pattern and spatial cluster analyses. We used Bayesian hierarchical models, accounting for spatial autocorrelation, to estimate associations between historical redlining and housing complaints, after adjusting for contemporary neighborhood characteristics, such as poverty, median structure age, vacant and renter-occupied properties, and residential racial segregation. A total of 48,626 housing code violation complaints were reported during the study period, including 6531 complaints deemed "hazardous." Historical redlining was a statistically significant predictor of housing complaints. We observed a 167% increased risk (IRR = 2.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.49, 4.77) of housing complaints for historically redlined neighborhoods compared to neighborhoods historically graded as "best" or "still desirable," after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics. Redlined neighborhoods also had an increased risk of "hazardous" housing complaints (IRR = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.11, 3.40), after adjusting for contemporary neighborhood characteristics. Historically redlined neighborhoods exhibited disproportionately higher rates of housing code violation complaints. Spatial analysis of housing code violation complaints can provide insights into housing quality and inform interventions targeted at addressing the environmental legacy of structural racism.

历史红线是美国政府在20世纪30年代实施的一种种族歧视做法,与当今的环境后果有关。然而,关于历史红线与当代住房质量之间关系的研究有限。本研究的目的是调查乔治亚州亚特兰大市历史红线与当代住房质量之间的关系。利用点模式分析和空间聚类分析对2015 - 2019年住房法规违规投诉的空间格局进行了研究。我们使用贝叶斯层次模型,考虑空间自相关,在调整了当代社区特征(如贫困、中位结构年龄、空置和租客占用的房产以及住宅种族隔离)后,估计历史红线与住房投诉之间的关联。在研究期间,共有48,626起违反住房法规的投诉被报告,其中6531起投诉被认为是“危险的”。历史红线是统计上显著的住房投诉预测指标。我们观察到,与历史上被评为“最佳”或“仍然理想”的社区相比,历史上被划红线的社区的住房投诉风险增加了167% (IRR = 2.67, 95%置信区间= 1.49,4.77)。在对当代社区特征进行调整后,红线社区发生“危险”住房投诉的风险也增加(IRR = 1.94, 95%置信区间= 1.11,3.40)。历史上被划为红线的社区,违反住房法规的投诉比例高得不成比例。对违反住房法规投诉的空间分析可以提供对住房质量的见解,并为解决结构性种族主义的环境遗留问题提供干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
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