Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000093
C. Carello, Scott W. Yanco
Abstract Forest succession drives concomitant changes in associated faunal communities. Thus, maintaining landscapes with high successional diversity can be an important consideration in habitat management. We sought to describe avian community characteristics across a successional gradient created by reforestation efforts in a tropical premontane wet forest in Costa Rica. Specifically, we examined the effects of successional stage on overall abundance, species richness, diet niche, migratory status, and community composition. We hypothesised that these metrics of bird abundance, diversity and community composition would differ across successional stages. Using data from transects conducted in 2018, we found that several metrics of avian abundance, diversity and community composition varied as a function of successional stage. Surprisingly, the earliest successional stage exhibited the greatest abundance, species richness and proportion of migrant species. We suggest that an ephemeral vegetation structure present for only a short period (early in succession) creates a unique habitat that results in a distinct avian community. This highlights the potential importance of early successional forests for avian communities, especially neotropical migrants.
{"title":"Early successional habitat supports unique avian communities dominated by wintering migrants in a premontane tropical forest","authors":"C. Carello, Scott W. Yanco","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest succession drives concomitant changes in associated faunal communities. Thus, maintaining landscapes with high successional diversity can be an important consideration in habitat management. We sought to describe avian community characteristics across a successional gradient created by reforestation efforts in a tropical premontane wet forest in Costa Rica. Specifically, we examined the effects of successional stage on overall abundance, species richness, diet niche, migratory status, and community composition. We hypothesised that these metrics of bird abundance, diversity and community composition would differ across successional stages. Using data from transects conducted in 2018, we found that several metrics of avian abundance, diversity and community composition varied as a function of successional stage. Surprisingly, the earliest successional stage exhibited the greatest abundance, species richness and proportion of migrant species. We suggest that an ephemeral vegetation structure present for only a short period (early in succession) creates a unique habitat that results in a distinct avian community. This highlights the potential importance of early successional forests for avian communities, especially neotropical migrants.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1017/S026646742300010X
J. Habel, Kathrin Schultze-Gebhardt, H. Shauri, Ali M. Maarifa, Marianne Maghenda, Maria Fungomeli, Mike Teucher
Abstract The Kaya forests in Southern Kenya are valuable habitats for rare animal and plant species and provide various ecosystem services. The Kaya forests are also centres of cultural life and are of great relevance to rites, traditions, and the social order of the community of people. During the past decades, these forest remnants become under extreme pressure due to land use and resource exploitation and are in danger of disappearing completely during the next years. This negative trend is progressing with the increasing population density. In addition, the relevance of the former cultural rites is increasingly being forgotten, and with it the relevance of these places. In order to preserve these forest remnants in the long term, it is important to make the population aware of the numerous and valuable ecosystem services, as well as to bring the former cultural life back into the centre of society. A general prerequisite to efficiently conserve Kayas might be the improvement of communication among generations, such as between the elders of Kayas and the youth, as well as among elders from different Kayas to harmonize conservation strategies and the sustainable use of these forest remnants. In addition, strengthening the communication between state institutions and the elders of the individual Kayas might help to find a common strategy to conserve Kaya forests.
{"title":"Kaya forests: nucleus of cultural and biological diversity and functionality","authors":"J. Habel, Kathrin Schultze-Gebhardt, H. Shauri, Ali M. Maarifa, Marianne Maghenda, Maria Fungomeli, Mike Teucher","doi":"10.1017/S026646742300010X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646742300010X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Kaya forests in Southern Kenya are valuable habitats for rare animal and plant species and provide various ecosystem services. The Kaya forests are also centres of cultural life and are of great relevance to rites, traditions, and the social order of the community of people. During the past decades, these forest remnants become under extreme pressure due to land use and resource exploitation and are in danger of disappearing completely during the next years. This negative trend is progressing with the increasing population density. In addition, the relevance of the former cultural rites is increasingly being forgotten, and with it the relevance of these places. In order to preserve these forest remnants in the long term, it is important to make the population aware of the numerous and valuable ecosystem services, as well as to bring the former cultural life back into the centre of society. A general prerequisite to efficiently conserve Kayas might be the improvement of communication among generations, such as between the elders of Kayas and the youth, as well as among elders from different Kayas to harmonize conservation strategies and the sustainable use of these forest remnants. In addition, strengthening the communication between state institutions and the elders of the individual Kayas might help to find a common strategy to conserve Kaya forests.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000081
Jennifer Michel, M. Lehnert, D. Quandt
Abstract Ferns (Polypodiophyta) are an abundant floral element of the tropics with high sensitivity to environmental conditions and good indicators of overall biodiversity. Here, we set out to identify which geochemical factors determine fern diversity in a low-montane tropical rainforest in Eastern Ecuador. We conducted a field survey of high-spatial resolution completing a comprehensive fern inventory across two elevational ranges, combined with biochemical characterisation of the underlying soils. While α-diversity was negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and with elevation, β-diversity increased with elevation and with geographic distance, as predicted. Our results confirm that ferns have a high sensitivity to both elevational and environmental gradients, where the latter in this study was derived from enhanced aluminium, iron and calcium contents in some of the studied soils. Further monitoring of fern communities could therefore help to better understand and predict how environmental change may impact biodiversity, with a particular focus on threats potentially arising from toxic elements being released in tropical soils through modified soil CEC.
{"title":"Elevation and cation exchange capacity determine diversity of ferns in a low-montane tropical rainforest in Ecuador","authors":"Jennifer Michel, M. Lehnert, D. Quandt","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ferns (Polypodiophyta) are an abundant floral element of the tropics with high sensitivity to environmental conditions and good indicators of overall biodiversity. Here, we set out to identify which geochemical factors determine fern diversity in a low-montane tropical rainforest in Eastern Ecuador. We conducted a field survey of high-spatial resolution completing a comprehensive fern inventory across two elevational ranges, combined with biochemical characterisation of the underlying soils. While α-diversity was negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and with elevation, β-diversity increased with elevation and with geographic distance, as predicted. Our results confirm that ferns have a high sensitivity to both elevational and environmental gradients, where the latter in this study was derived from enhanced aluminium, iron and calcium contents in some of the studied soils. Further monitoring of fern communities could therefore help to better understand and predict how environmental change may impact biodiversity, with a particular focus on threats potentially arising from toxic elements being released in tropical soils through modified soil CEC.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1017/S026646742300007X
Jefferson Cupitra-Rodríguez, Lorena Cruz-Bernate, J. Montoya-Lerma
Abstract Growing urban expansion can alter ecological processes within trophic networks. Predation on herbivores is known to vary with the size of the area covered by vegetation, successional stage, altitude and predator community structure; however there are gaps in understanding how this occurs in urban and suburban environments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether predation pressure on artificial models of caterpillars varied with the degree of urbanisation and type of substrate. Artificial caterpillars were placed on two types of substrates (leaf vs. stem) in two areas of the city (urban vs. suburban). Total predation was measured as the number of models with evidence of attack by predators, with the predation rate estimated on a weekly basis. Predation was affected by the degree of urbanisation, being higher in urban (x̄ = 9.88%; SD = 4.09%, n = 8) than suburban areas (x̄ = 5.75%, SD = 4.21%, n = 8). Attack marks were observed in 23.8% (n = 125) of artificial caterpillars. The weekly predation rate on leaves (x̄ = 9.63%, SD = 5.95%, n = 8) was higher than that on stems (x̄ = 6%, SD = 4.2%, n = 8). These results suggest that the incidence of predation might vary with the degree of urbanisation and by the type of substrate on which prey organisms are found.
{"title":"Attack rates on artificial caterpillars in urban areas are higher than in suburban areas in Colombia","authors":"Jefferson Cupitra-Rodríguez, Lorena Cruz-Bernate, J. Montoya-Lerma","doi":"10.1017/S026646742300007X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646742300007X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Growing urban expansion can alter ecological processes within trophic networks. Predation on herbivores is known to vary with the size of the area covered by vegetation, successional stage, altitude and predator community structure; however there are gaps in understanding how this occurs in urban and suburban environments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether predation pressure on artificial models of caterpillars varied with the degree of urbanisation and type of substrate. Artificial caterpillars were placed on two types of substrates (leaf vs. stem) in two areas of the city (urban vs. suburban). Total predation was measured as the number of models with evidence of attack by predators, with the predation rate estimated on a weekly basis. Predation was affected by the degree of urbanisation, being higher in urban (x̄ = 9.88%; SD = 4.09%, n = 8) than suburban areas (x̄ = 5.75%, SD = 4.21%, n = 8). Attack marks were observed in 23.8% (n = 125) of artificial caterpillars. The weekly predation rate on leaves (x̄ = 9.63%, SD = 5.95%, n = 8) was higher than that on stems (x̄ = 6%, SD = 4.2%, n = 8). These results suggest that the incidence of predation might vary with the degree of urbanisation and by the type of substrate on which prey organisms are found.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43727583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000056
R. Furumoto
Abstract Monoon liukiuense (Annonaceae) is an endangered tree species distributed in Iriomote Island and Hateruma Island in the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands, Japan, and in Orchid Island (Lanyu) in Taiwan. While its habitat is confined to small areas surrounded by human-altered landscapes, the matured trees bear abundant fruits, and many offspring grow under the mother trees. M. liukiuense is hypothesised to have lost effective seed dispersers. To test this hypothesis, fate of its seeds and the behaviour of frugivores were observed using time-lapse photography during three fruiting seasons from June 2015 to August 2016 in Iriomote Island, Japan. Although several animal taxa were observed to consume the fruit pulp, only two volant animals, namely the Yaeyama flying fox and large-billed crow, were proposed as seed dispersal agents for M. liukiuense. The present study shows that an average of 82% of the fruits in the canopies fell directly beneath the fruiting trees and an average of 90% of the seeds on the forest floor remained in their original positions. These results suggest that M. liukiuense has lost most of its seed dispersal agents and the chance to expand its distribution.
{"title":"Potential seed dispersal agents of Monoon liukiuense on Iriomote Island, Japan","authors":"R. Furumoto","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monoon liukiuense (Annonaceae) is an endangered tree species distributed in Iriomote Island and Hateruma Island in the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands, Japan, and in Orchid Island (Lanyu) in Taiwan. While its habitat is confined to small areas surrounded by human-altered landscapes, the matured trees bear abundant fruits, and many offspring grow under the mother trees. M. liukiuense is hypothesised to have lost effective seed dispersers. To test this hypothesis, fate of its seeds and the behaviour of frugivores were observed using time-lapse photography during three fruiting seasons from June 2015 to August 2016 in Iriomote Island, Japan. Although several animal taxa were observed to consume the fruit pulp, only two volant animals, namely the Yaeyama flying fox and large-billed crow, were proposed as seed dispersal agents for M. liukiuense. The present study shows that an average of 82% of the fruits in the canopies fell directly beneath the fruiting trees and an average of 90% of the seeds on the forest floor remained in their original positions. These results suggest that M. liukiuense has lost most of its seed dispersal agents and the chance to expand its distribution.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000068
F. C. Souza, A. Viana‐Júnior, Pedro Uchoa Mittelman, F. Azevedo
Abstract One of the biggest issues in plant ecology is determining the interaction outcome between seeds and scatter-hoarding rodents because the latter has a dual role as dispersers and predators of seeds. Density-dependence contexts involving resource abundance largely influence the outcome of this interaction. Here, we investigated how the variation in the density of a large-seeded tropical tree (Joannesia princeps Vell) affects its probability of seed removal, consumption, dispersal, and burial by a neotropical rodent (Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein). We tested whether the elevated resource availability in high tree density areas would cause scatter hoarder’s satiation by decreasing seed removal and consumption (predator satiation hypothesis) or increasing seed dispersal and burial (predator dispersal hypothesis). We tracked the fate of 461 seeds in 14 plots with distinct J. princeps abundances inside a large Atlantic Forest fragment. We used spool-and-line tracking and camera trappings to determine seed fate and identify interacting animals. Agouti was the only species removing J. princeps seeds. Tree density benefitted J. princeps by increasing seed dispersal through buried seed but not affecting seed removal and consumption. This result shows how density-dependent contexts, such as tree density, may alter seed fate in seed–rodent interactions supporting future studies aiming to reestablishing seed dispersal functions in Atlantic Forest fragments.
摘要植物生态学中最大的问题之一是决定种子和散布囤积啮齿动物之间的相互作用结果，因为后者具有种子散布者和捕食者的双重作用。涉及资源丰度的密度依赖性环境在很大程度上影响这种相互作用的结果。在这里，我们研究了热带大种子树（Joannesia princeps Vell）密度的变化如何影响其被新热带啮齿动物（Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein）移除、食用、传播和埋葬种子的概率。我们测试了高树木密度地区资源可用性的提高是否会通过减少种子移除和消耗（捕食者饱足假说）或增加种子传播和埋葬（捕食者扩散假说）来引起分散囤积者的饱足。我们追踪了14个地块中461颗种子的命运，这些地块在一个大的大西洋森林碎片中具有独特的王子J.princeps丰度。我们使用线轴追踪和相机捕捉来确定种子的命运并识别相互作用的动物。阿戈蒂是唯一一个去除王子J.princeps种子的物种。树木密度增加了种子通过埋藏种子的传播，但不影响种子的移除和消耗，从而使J.princeps受益。这一结果表明，密度依赖的环境，如树木密度，可能会改变种子与啮齿动物相互作用中的种子命运，从而支持未来旨在重建大西洋森林碎片中种子传播功能的研究。
{"title":"Tree density-dependence effects on seed dispersal of a large-seeded tropical tree","authors":"F. C. Souza, A. Viana‐Júnior, Pedro Uchoa Mittelman, F. Azevedo","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the biggest issues in plant ecology is determining the interaction outcome between seeds and scatter-hoarding rodents because the latter has a dual role as dispersers and predators of seeds. Density-dependence contexts involving resource abundance largely influence the outcome of this interaction. Here, we investigated how the variation in the density of a large-seeded tropical tree (Joannesia princeps Vell) affects its probability of seed removal, consumption, dispersal, and burial by a neotropical rodent (Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein). We tested whether the elevated resource availability in high tree density areas would cause scatter hoarder’s satiation by decreasing seed removal and consumption (predator satiation hypothesis) or increasing seed dispersal and burial (predator dispersal hypothesis). We tracked the fate of 461 seeds in 14 plots with distinct J. princeps abundances inside a large Atlantic Forest fragment. We used spool-and-line tracking and camera trappings to determine seed fate and identify interacting animals. Agouti was the only species removing J. princeps seeds. Tree density benefitted J. princeps by increasing seed dispersal through buried seed but not affecting seed removal and consumption. This result shows how density-dependent contexts, such as tree density, may alter seed fate in seed–rodent interactions supporting future studies aiming to reestablishing seed dispersal functions in Atlantic Forest fragments.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000044
Saulo Santos Domingos, Estevao Alves Silva
Abstract Extrafloral nectary plants not only occur in natural areas but also in urban parks. These areas are prone to edge effects, and plants face different microenvironmental conditions. We investigated the spatial variation of ant–plant interactions in an urban park, and we examined if plants with ants would show lower herbivory levels and if it depended on habitat type (interior or edges). Seedlings of Inga laurina were set in 200-m long transects (which covered both the west and east edges, and the interior) in an urban park and then experimentally assigned to be either ant-present or ant-excluded plants. Leaf herbivory was investigated throughout the wet season and was influenced by the interaction effect between ants and habitat type. Ants decreased the herbivory on the west edge, but on the east edge results were the opposite. The east edge had higher temperature and sunlight exposure in comparison to the other sites and was assumed to disrupt the stability of ant–plant interactions. In the interior of the fragment, herbivory depended on ant presence/absence and on the location of plants along the transect. Our study highlights how the outcomes of ant–plant interactions are spatially conditioned and affected by different types of habitats.
{"title":"Effect of ants on herbivory levels of Inga laurina: the interplay between space and time in an urban area","authors":"Saulo Santos Domingos, Estevao Alves Silva","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Extrafloral nectary plants not only occur in natural areas but also in urban parks. These areas are prone to edge effects, and plants face different microenvironmental conditions. We investigated the spatial variation of ant–plant interactions in an urban park, and we examined if plants with ants would show lower herbivory levels and if it depended on habitat type (interior or edges). Seedlings of Inga laurina were set in 200-m long transects (which covered both the west and east edges, and the interior) in an urban park and then experimentally assigned to be either ant-present or ant-excluded plants. Leaf herbivory was investigated throughout the wet season and was influenced by the interaction effect between ants and habitat type. Ants decreased the herbivory on the west edge, but on the east edge results were the opposite. The east edge had higher temperature and sunlight exposure in comparison to the other sites and was assumed to disrupt the stability of ant–plant interactions. In the interior of the fragment, herbivory depended on ant presence/absence and on the location of plants along the transect. Our study highlights how the outcomes of ant–plant interactions are spatially conditioned and affected by different types of habitats.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49511744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000032
Corrie E. Rushford, Sean Glynn
Abstract The bushy-tailed opossum (Glironia venusta) is a small arboreal marsupial found in the Amazon basin. G. venusta is rarely seen and has few published sightings throughout its range. Videos (N = 79) were obtained from arboreal camera traps located in the Las Piedras Amazon Center near the Las Piedras River (SE Peru) from April 2017 until November 2017. Our new records, the first for the Las Piedras River, demonstrate that the species is nocturnal with activity peaks at 3:00 h and 20:00 h in the hours of complete darkness. The abundance of camera trap footage of such a rarely observed species further demonstrates the effectiveness of arboreal camera trapping to conduct species assessments.
{"title":"Nocturnal activity and behaviour of the elusive bushy-tailed opossum (Glironia Venusta)","authors":"Corrie E. Rushford, Sean Glynn","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The bushy-tailed opossum (Glironia venusta) is a small arboreal marsupial found in the Amazon basin. G. venusta is rarely seen and has few published sightings throughout its range. Videos (N = 79) were obtained from arboreal camera traps located in the Las Piedras Amazon Center near the Las Piedras River (SE Peru) from April 2017 until November 2017. Our new records, the first for the Las Piedras River, demonstrate that the species is nocturnal with activity peaks at 3:00 h and 20:00 h in the hours of complete darkness. The abundance of camera trap footage of such a rarely observed species further demonstrates the effectiveness of arboreal camera trapping to conduct species assessments.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43780784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000020
Isabela Lima-Keppe, V. Saito, Jaqueline Fernanda Soares, Aline Nunes-Silva, A. Ostrensky, Iuri Emmanuel de Paula Ferreira, G. Perbiche-Neves
Abstract We tested the effectiveness of predation by the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912) in Culicidae and Chironomidae larvae, aiming to test if (i) the introduction of copepods effectively controls mosquito larvae and (ii) the density of copepods is important for ensuring control. We conducted two semi-field experiments: the first involved 14 experimental runs over 75 consecutive days, compared in a randomized block design, four repetitions per treatment in each experimental run (block); and the second experiment involved a total of five experimental runs, lasting 25 and 33 days each. In the first experiment, culicid larvae were preyed on by copepods, especially at high copepod densities (15 copepods per litre), which reduced culicid densities by approximately 61% and 64% for different containers, considering that the environmental temperature declined linearly by about 10ºC from February (summer) to May (autumn) (32ºC to 22ºC). Even the lowest copepod density (5 per liter) produced a substantial reduction in the abundance of culicid larvae when chironomid larvae were abundant. On the other hand, there was no effective control of chironomid larvae. In the second experiment, increases in Culicidae and Chironomidae were concomitant with decreases in copepods. Thus, when the copepods were in high densities, there was no increase in insects, although the larvae of culicids were not eliminated from the experimental units. We conclude that the introduction of copepods in small containers and ponds can be useful for the control of culicid larvae without harming chironomid populations, and densities up to 15 per litre are recommended, although even low densities cause substantial reduction.
{"title":"How can the copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912) be used to control mosquito production effectively in pots, plates, and slabs?","authors":"Isabela Lima-Keppe, V. Saito, Jaqueline Fernanda Soares, Aline Nunes-Silva, A. Ostrensky, Iuri Emmanuel de Paula Ferreira, G. Perbiche-Neves","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We tested the effectiveness of predation by the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912) in Culicidae and Chironomidae larvae, aiming to test if (i) the introduction of copepods effectively controls mosquito larvae and (ii) the density of copepods is important for ensuring control. We conducted two semi-field experiments: the first involved 14 experimental runs over 75 consecutive days, compared in a randomized block design, four repetitions per treatment in each experimental run (block); and the second experiment involved a total of five experimental runs, lasting 25 and 33 days each. In the first experiment, culicid larvae were preyed on by copepods, especially at high copepod densities (15 copepods per litre), which reduced culicid densities by approximately 61% and 64% for different containers, considering that the environmental temperature declined linearly by about 10ºC from February (summer) to May (autumn) (32ºC to 22ºC). Even the lowest copepod density (5 per liter) produced a substantial reduction in the abundance of culicid larvae when chironomid larvae were abundant. On the other hand, there was no effective control of chironomid larvae. In the second experiment, increases in Culicidae and Chironomidae were concomitant with decreases in copepods. Thus, when the copepods were in high densities, there was no increase in insects, although the larvae of culicids were not eliminated from the experimental units. We conclude that the introduction of copepods in small containers and ponds can be useful for the control of culicid larvae without harming chironomid populations, and densities up to 15 per litre are recommended, although even low densities cause substantial reduction.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1017/S0266467423000019
K. Laiton-Donato, Camila Guzmán-Cardozo, D. Pelaez-Carvajal, N. Ajami, M. Navas, G. Parra-Henao, J. Usme-Ciro
Abstract During the last two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of arthropod-borne viruses, better known as arboviruses. The close contact between sylvatic, rural and peri-urban vector species and humans has been mainly determined by the environment-modifying human activity. The resulting interactions have led to multiple dead-end host infections and have allowed sylvatic arboviruses to eventually adapt to new vectors and hosts, contributing to the establishment of urban transmission cycles of some viruses with enormous epidemiologic impact. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has allowed obtaining unbiased sequence information of millions of DNA and RNA molecules from clinical and environmental samples. Robust bioinformatics tools have enabled the assembly of individual sequence reads into contigs and scaffolds partially or completely representing the genomes of the microorganisms and viruses being present in biological samples of clinical relevance. In this review, we describe the different ecological scenarios for the emergence of viral diseases, the virus adaptation process required for the establishment of a new transmission cycle and the usefulness of NGS and computational methods for the discovery and routine genomic surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in their ecosystems.
{"title":"Evolution and emergence of mosquito-borne viruses of medical importance: towards a routine metagenomic surveillance approach","authors":"K. Laiton-Donato, Camila Guzmán-Cardozo, D. Pelaez-Carvajal, N. Ajami, M. Navas, G. Parra-Henao, J. Usme-Ciro","doi":"10.1017/S0266467423000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467423000019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the last two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of arthropod-borne viruses, better known as arboviruses. The close contact between sylvatic, rural and peri-urban vector species and humans has been mainly determined by the environment-modifying human activity. The resulting interactions have led to multiple dead-end host infections and have allowed sylvatic arboviruses to eventually adapt to new vectors and hosts, contributing to the establishment of urban transmission cycles of some viruses with enormous epidemiologic impact. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has allowed obtaining unbiased sequence information of millions of DNA and RNA molecules from clinical and environmental samples. Robust bioinformatics tools have enabled the assembly of individual sequence reads into contigs and scaffolds partially or completely representing the genomes of the microorganisms and viruses being present in biological samples of clinical relevance. In this review, we describe the different ecological scenarios for the emergence of viral diseases, the virus adaptation process required for the establishment of a new transmission cycle and the usefulness of NGS and computational methods for the discovery and routine genomic surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in their ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47419661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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