Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.1017/S0266467422000505
Larissa Gabriela Araujo Goebel, Breno Dias Vitorino, Angélica Vilas Boas Frota, M. Santos-Filho
Abstract Frugivorous mammals play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and are considered one of the main dispersers of large seeds. In this study, we describe the structure of the interaction network between non-flying mammals and seven plant species with large fruits in a megadiverse savanna-forest mosaic in the Brazilian Cerrado. We also evaluated the individual contribution of each species to the organization of the interaction network and tested whether body mass determined the mammals’ role in the network. To record frugivory events of mammals with arboreal and terrestrial habits, camera traps were installed at ground and canopy levels. We identified 18 mammal species interacting with seven plant species in 515 frugivory events. Our observations highlight an interaction network with a modular and non-nested topology and the important role of large mammals in the network structure, which reflects the importance of the group in potential seed dispersal. The extinction of large frugivorous mammals can cause several damages to ecosystem services in the Brazilian Cerrado through changes in network structure, especially threatening the survival of plant species with large fruits.
{"title":"Body mass determines the role of mammal species in a frugivore-large fruit interaction network in a Neotropical savanna","authors":"Larissa Gabriela Araujo Goebel, Breno Dias Vitorino, Angélica Vilas Boas Frota, M. Santos-Filho","doi":"10.1017/S0266467422000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467422000505","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Frugivorous mammals play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and are considered one of the main dispersers of large seeds. In this study, we describe the structure of the interaction network between non-flying mammals and seven plant species with large fruits in a megadiverse savanna-forest mosaic in the Brazilian Cerrado. We also evaluated the individual contribution of each species to the organization of the interaction network and tested whether body mass determined the mammals’ role in the network. To record frugivory events of mammals with arboreal and terrestrial habits, camera traps were installed at ground and canopy levels. We identified 18 mammal species interacting with seven plant species in 515 frugivory events. Our observations highlight an interaction network with a modular and non-nested topology and the important role of large mammals in the network structure, which reflects the importance of the group in potential seed dispersal. The extinction of large frugivorous mammals can cause several damages to ecosystem services in the Brazilian Cerrado through changes in network structure, especially threatening the survival of plant species with large fruits.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48249481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.1017/S0266467422000499
D. O. Kissa, Fredrick Ssali, D. Sheil
Abstract Male and female dioecious tropical trees are subjected to distinct demands that may influence their ecology. An example is Myrianthus holstii Engl. that produces persistent fruit eaten by elephants and other large mammals that frequently damage the trees. Myrianthus holstii populations were assessed with 24 2-km transects, spanning an elevation range of 1435–2495 m in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Of 1089 stems ≥ 5 cm diameter 449 were female, 383 were male and the rest were non-fertile. We also noted one apparently monoecious individual. Males produced flowers at smaller sizes than did females (minimum recorded diameters 5.5 cm and 6.8 cm, respectively). Both sexes had similar distributions, favouring moderately closed forest and mid-slope locations. Female trees were more frequently damaged and typically slightly shorter than males at large diameters. Seedling densities were positively associated with the presence of larger female trees. Our results are consistent with a life history where both sexes have similar requirements, but fruiting females experience a greater frequency of severe damage.
{"title":"Sex ratios, damage and distribution of Myrianthus holstii Engl.: a dioecious afromontane forest tree","authors":"D. O. Kissa, Fredrick Ssali, D. Sheil","doi":"10.1017/S0266467422000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467422000499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Male and female dioecious tropical trees are subjected to distinct demands that may influence their ecology. An example is Myrianthus holstii Engl. that produces persistent fruit eaten by elephants and other large mammals that frequently damage the trees. Myrianthus holstii populations were assessed with 24 2-km transects, spanning an elevation range of 1435–2495 m in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Of 1089 stems ≥ 5 cm diameter 449 were female, 383 were male and the rest were non-fertile. We also noted one apparently monoecious individual. Males produced flowers at smaller sizes than did females (minimum recorded diameters 5.5 cm and 6.8 cm, respectively). Both sexes had similar distributions, favouring moderately closed forest and mid-slope locations. Female trees were more frequently damaged and typically slightly shorter than males at large diameters. Seedling densities were positively associated with the presence of larger female trees. Our results are consistent with a life history where both sexes have similar requirements, but fruiting females experience a greater frequency of severe damage.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47617474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1017/S0266467422000529
R. A. Castro-Souza, T. Sobral‐Souza, L. Rabelo, E. Zefa, R. Ferreira
Abstract Using species distribution modelling (SDMs) techniques, we predicted the biogeographic history of crickets commonly found in Neotropical caves as a way to detect potential long-term environmental refuges in South America. Our models were built based on a thorough investigation of existing database regarding the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Ensifera: Phalangopsidae) occurrences. The predictions of their distribution were obtained for two paleoclimate scenarios (LGM — 21 ka and Mid-Holocene — 6 ka), the current climate scenario (0 ka) and one future global warming climate scenario (RCP8.5, 2080–2100). Our findings suggest that in the past, the potential distribution of the crickets was wider, with potential forest corridors connecting different karst areas with caves within their occupancy area. The future prediction indicates a drastic reduction in their spatial distribution with an increased potential for isolation in subterranean ecosystems. Atlantic humid forest patches and caves represent the main environmental refuges for these crickets. Considering the ongoing impacts on surface environments and future climate change, the conservation of caves and karst landscapes has become one of the main strategies for the maintenance of these crickets and all the correlated subterranean communities.
{"title":"Persisting while changing over time: modelling the historical biogeographic of cave crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea) in Neotropics","authors":"R. A. Castro-Souza, T. Sobral‐Souza, L. Rabelo, E. Zefa, R. Ferreira","doi":"10.1017/S0266467422000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467422000529","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using species distribution modelling (SDMs) techniques, we predicted the biogeographic history of crickets commonly found in Neotropical caves as a way to detect potential long-term environmental refuges in South America. Our models were built based on a thorough investigation of existing database regarding the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Ensifera: Phalangopsidae) occurrences. The predictions of their distribution were obtained for two paleoclimate scenarios (LGM — 21 ka and Mid-Holocene — 6 ka), the current climate scenario (0 ka) and one future global warming climate scenario (RCP8.5, 2080–2100). Our findings suggest that in the past, the potential distribution of the crickets was wider, with potential forest corridors connecting different karst areas with caves within their occupancy area. The future prediction indicates a drastic reduction in their spatial distribution with an increased potential for isolation in subterranean ecosystems. Atlantic humid forest patches and caves represent the main environmental refuges for these crickets. Considering the ongoing impacts on surface environments and future climate change, the conservation of caves and karst landscapes has become one of the main strategies for the maintenance of these crickets and all the correlated subterranean communities.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47725541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1017/S0266467422000517
J. M. Garcia, Géssi de Sousa Gonzaga, Alexandre de Mello Bordignon, J. Torezan
Abstract Herbivory is an important ecological filter, affecting plant establishment in restoration sites. One group of herbivores whose abundance has been increasing with environmental changes are the leaf-cutting ants (LCA). Here we evaluated the influence of the surrounding landscape on Atta sexdens nest density in restoration sites, by testing the hypothesis that sites farthest from forest fragments or with less surrounding habitat cover have higher nest density. The study was conducted in eleven reforestations with native species, amidst an agricultural matrix in southern Brazil. For each site, we estimated LCA nest density (active, inactive and total) and landscape metrics (distance to nearest forest fragment, surrounding habitat area and an index combining both distance and surrounding habitat area, the Proximity Index). There were negative relationships between active and total nest density and surrounding habitat area. These results suggest that increased isolation from forest fragments is a factor contributing to the relaxation of top-down control. Therefore, the increase in A. sexdens population density in restoration sites is a result, at least in part, of low pressure from natural enemies, since LCA are not limited by resource availability.
{"title":"Nest density of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic Forest restoration sites depends on the surrounding landscape","authors":"J. M. Garcia, Géssi de Sousa Gonzaga, Alexandre de Mello Bordignon, J. Torezan","doi":"10.1017/S0266467422000517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467422000517","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Herbivory is an important ecological filter, affecting plant establishment in restoration sites. One group of herbivores whose abundance has been increasing with environmental changes are the leaf-cutting ants (LCA). Here we evaluated the influence of the surrounding landscape on Atta sexdens nest density in restoration sites, by testing the hypothesis that sites farthest from forest fragments or with less surrounding habitat cover have higher nest density. The study was conducted in eleven reforestations with native species, amidst an agricultural matrix in southern Brazil. For each site, we estimated LCA nest density (active, inactive and total) and landscape metrics (distance to nearest forest fragment, surrounding habitat area and an index combining both distance and surrounding habitat area, the Proximity Index). There were negative relationships between active and total nest density and surrounding habitat area. These results suggest that increased isolation from forest fragments is a factor contributing to the relaxation of top-down control. Therefore, the increase in A. sexdens population density in restoration sites is a result, at least in part, of low pressure from natural enemies, since LCA are not limited by resource availability.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42559482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s026646742300024x
Trevan Flynn, Jiri Tuma, Tom M Fayle, Hana Veselá, Jan Frouz
Abstract Conversion of primary forest into oil palm plantations is common in tropical countries, affecting soil properties, ecosystem services and land-use management. However, little is known about the short-range spatial soil distribution that is important for soil scientists, ecologists, entomologists, mycologists or microbiologists. In this study, seven soil properties (pH, EC (µS/m), P (mg/kg), NO 3 - (mg/kg), N%, C% and C:N) were measured to quantify the spatial autocorrelation across primary forest, selectively logged forest and oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Local variograms were calculated (range ∼5 m) to determine the short-range variation, and a decision tree as well as principal component analysis were implemented to determine if the overall (global) mean differed between land uses. As hypothesised, oil palm soils deviated the most from primary forest soils, which had more fluctuating variograms and in general, a shorter range. Oil palm plantations also showed a difference in the global mean except for electrical conductivity. Selectively logged forests also differed in their short-range spatial structure; however, the global mean and variance remained similar to primary forest soil with the exception of labile phosphorus and nitrate. These results were attributed to initial plantation development, removal of topsoil, fertiliser application and topography.
{"title":"Changes in soil chemical properties and their spatial distribution after logging and conversion to oil palm plantation in Sabah (Borneo)","authors":"Trevan Flynn, Jiri Tuma, Tom M Fayle, Hana Veselá, Jan Frouz","doi":"10.1017/s026646742300024x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026646742300024x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conversion of primary forest into oil palm plantations is common in tropical countries, affecting soil properties, ecosystem services and land-use management. However, little is known about the short-range spatial soil distribution that is important for soil scientists, ecologists, entomologists, mycologists or microbiologists. In this study, seven soil properties (pH, EC (µS/m), P (mg/kg), NO 3 - (mg/kg), N%, C% and C:N) were measured to quantify the spatial autocorrelation across primary forest, selectively logged forest and oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Local variograms were calculated (range ∼5 m) to determine the short-range variation, and a decision tree as well as principal component analysis were implemented to determine if the overall (global) mean differed between land uses. As hypothesised, oil palm soils deviated the most from primary forest soils, which had more fluctuating variograms and in general, a shorter range. Oil palm plantations also showed a difference in the global mean except for electrical conductivity. Selectively logged forests also differed in their short-range spatial structure; however, the global mean and variance remained similar to primary forest soil with the exception of labile phosphorus and nitrate. These results were attributed to initial plantation development, removal of topsoil, fertiliser application and topography.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0266467423000275
Mariane Aparecida Nickele, Wilson Reis Filho, Susete do Rocio Chiarello Penteado, Elisiane Castro de Queiroz, Luis Cesar Rodrigues da Silva, Thiele Sides Camargo, Alexandre Casadei-Ferreira, Rodrigo Machado Feitosa, Marcio Roberto Pie
Abstract Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant initiated a large reforestation programme after the expropriation of the areas destined for the formation of the reservoir. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest restoration of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, Brazil, using epigaeic ant assemblages as bioindicators, by comparing ant species richness and composition in the Reservoir Protection Strip with adjacent areas, such as the primary forest of the Iguaçu National Park and the Permanent Preservation Area located on a rural property and agricultural areas. In total, 171 ant species were identified. Ant species richness was higher in forest than in agricultural areas and did not differ among forest areas. However, ant species composition in forest areas, regardless of the restoration technique used, was not similar to the primary forest, possibly due to variation in forest recovery time. This study highlights the great value of the Iguaçu National Park as a conservation unit. Also, it reveals that the efforts for the creation and maintenance of the Reservoir Protection Strip, which remains without anthropic interventions for years, might indeed lead to a complete recovery of the ant species composition over time, reinforcing their great importance for biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Assessing forest restoration effectiveness in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion using epigaeic ant assemblages","authors":"Mariane Aparecida Nickele, Wilson Reis Filho, Susete do Rocio Chiarello Penteado, Elisiane Castro de Queiroz, Luis Cesar Rodrigues da Silva, Thiele Sides Camargo, Alexandre Casadei-Ferreira, Rodrigo Machado Feitosa, Marcio Roberto Pie","doi":"10.1017/s0266467423000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467423000275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant initiated a large reforestation programme after the expropriation of the areas destined for the formation of the reservoir. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest restoration of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, Brazil, using epigaeic ant assemblages as bioindicators, by comparing ant species richness and composition in the Reservoir Protection Strip with adjacent areas, such as the primary forest of the Iguaçu National Park and the Permanent Preservation Area located on a rural property and agricultural areas. In total, 171 ant species were identified. Ant species richness was higher in forest than in agricultural areas and did not differ among forest areas. However, ant species composition in forest areas, regardless of the restoration technique used, was not similar to the primary forest, possibly due to variation in forest recovery time. This study highlights the great value of the Iguaçu National Park as a conservation unit. Also, it reveals that the efforts for the creation and maintenance of the Reservoir Protection Strip, which remains without anthropic interventions for years, might indeed lead to a complete recovery of the ant species composition over time, reinforcing their great importance for biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135504897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0266467423000299
Martin Hejda, Jan Čuda, Klára Pyšková, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft, Khensani V. Nkuna, Ana Novoa, Petr Pyšek
Abstract Biological invasions are a threat to protected areas globally; however, the relative lack of studies quantifying the ecological impacts impairs informed decision-making. We selected three annual alien plants, widespread in the riparian habitats of the Kruger National Park, South Africa: Datura innoxia , Parthenium hysterophorus , and Xanthium strumarium , to examine their potential impacts on riparian plant communities. We identified 12–13 populations for each and placed a pair of invaded and uninvaded plots in each population. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness were compared between the invaded and uninvaded plots using LMM models, and species composition was compared using ordination. The invaded vegetation showed lower species richness compared to the uninvaded, with the strongest effect observed for P. hysterophorus . The invaded plots also showed lower Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness due to the presence of alien dominants. For all three invaders, the invasion resulted in changes in the composition of native vegetation. Some native plants were more frequent and abundant in the invaded vegetation, possibly due to the habitats created in sandy river beds. The native species richness decreased with increasing invader cover, but the species richness of aliens accompanying the invasive dominants was not negatively affected by their cover. Our results confirmed the negative impact of invasive aliens on native plant diversity, with the most pronounced effect by Parthenium hysterophorus invasions.
{"title":"Impacts of invasive alien species on riparian plant communities in South African savanna","authors":"Martin Hejda, Jan Čuda, Klára Pyšková, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft, Khensani V. Nkuna, Ana Novoa, Petr Pyšek","doi":"10.1017/s0266467423000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467423000299","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biological invasions are a threat to protected areas globally; however, the relative lack of studies quantifying the ecological impacts impairs informed decision-making. We selected three annual alien plants, widespread in the riparian habitats of the Kruger National Park, South Africa: Datura innoxia , Parthenium hysterophorus , and Xanthium strumarium , to examine their potential impacts on riparian plant communities. We identified 12–13 populations for each and placed a pair of invaded and uninvaded plots in each population. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness were compared between the invaded and uninvaded plots using LMM models, and species composition was compared using ordination. The invaded vegetation showed lower species richness compared to the uninvaded, with the strongest effect observed for P. hysterophorus . The invaded plots also showed lower Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness due to the presence of alien dominants. For all three invaders, the invasion resulted in changes in the composition of native vegetation. Some native plants were more frequent and abundant in the invaded vegetation, possibly due to the habitats created in sandy river beds. The native species richness decreased with increasing invader cover, but the species richness of aliens accompanying the invasive dominants was not negatively affected by their cover. Our results confirmed the negative impact of invasive aliens on native plant diversity, with the most pronounced effect by Parthenium hysterophorus invasions.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0266467423000263
Ariek Barakat Norford, Kelin Nathaly Echeverry, Juliana Ramos Obregón, Pablo R. Stevenson
Abstract Primate communities vary in their level of redundancy, or overlap, in seed dispersal function, which could be due to body size, degree of frugivory or intraspecific variation, among other factors. In this study, we quantified redundancy in seed dispersal among three sympatric primate species: Lagothrix lagothricha , Alouatta seniculus and Sapajus apella in gallery forests in Meta, Colombia. We compared the median seed width dispersed and the number and species richness of large (≥5.9 mm wide) and very large (>7.5 mm wide) seeds per faecal sample. The medium-sized, highly folivorous A. seniculus mostly dispersed large seeds, the larger, highly frugivorous L. lagothricha dispersed very large and small seeds, and the smaller, partially frugivorous S. apella dispersed the smallest seeds. However, for L. lagothricha and S. apella , we did not find the expected results that adults disperse larger seeds than juveniles. Across species, there is complementarity in seed dispersal in relation to seed size, with L. lagothricha being unique in its contribution to the dispersal of very large seeds both in terms of quantity and richness.
{"title":"A comparison of inter- and intraspecific variation in seed dispersal in three South American primates","authors":"Ariek Barakat Norford, Kelin Nathaly Echeverry, Juliana Ramos Obregón, Pablo R. Stevenson","doi":"10.1017/s0266467423000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467423000263","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Primate communities vary in their level of redundancy, or overlap, in seed dispersal function, which could be due to body size, degree of frugivory or intraspecific variation, among other factors. In this study, we quantified redundancy in seed dispersal among three sympatric primate species: Lagothrix lagothricha , Alouatta seniculus and Sapajus apella in gallery forests in Meta, Colombia. We compared the median seed width dispersed and the number and species richness of large (≥5.9 mm wide) and very large (>7.5 mm wide) seeds per faecal sample. The medium-sized, highly folivorous A. seniculus mostly dispersed large seeds, the larger, highly frugivorous L. lagothricha dispersed very large and small seeds, and the smaller, partially frugivorous S. apella dispersed the smallest seeds. However, for L. lagothricha and S. apella , we did not find the expected results that adults disperse larger seeds than juveniles. Across species, there is complementarity in seed dispersal in relation to seed size, with L. lagothricha being unique in its contribution to the dispersal of very large seeds both in terms of quantity and richness.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Gypsophily, i.e. the relationship between plants and gypsum soils, has been extensively studied only in arid and semi-arid regions, in contrast to tropical areas, where gypsum outcrops act as refugia for xerothermophilic species and endemic flora. We focused on gypsophile flora in Campeche, Mexico on the Zoh-Laguna Plateau. Using a combination of remote sensing, literature review, and herbarium databases, we identified 14 potential gypsum outcrops and compiled a list of vascular plant species with the potential to grow in gypsum soils in Campeche (151 total species: three probable gypsophiles and endemic to YP, 148 gypsovags). Nine of the 14 potential gypsum outcrops remain unexplored botanically, and 18 species in the final checklist were not previously reported to have an affinity for gypsum soils. This study is the first to confirm the presence of gypsum and report its concentration in the evaluated soils; gypsum content in the soils reached 51%, much higher than the commonly accepted 25%. Our results on gypsum soils and associated vegetation confirm the need for more extensive gypsophily studies in tropical zones.
{"title":"Gypsophily in tropical environments: a case study in the Yucatan Peninsula","authors":"Paloma Margarita Casas Navarro, Ivonne Sánchez-del Pino, Ariadna Ibarra Morales","doi":"10.1017/s0266467423000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467423000287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gypsophily, i.e. the relationship between plants and gypsum soils, has been extensively studied only in arid and semi-arid regions, in contrast to tropical areas, where gypsum outcrops act as refugia for xerothermophilic species and endemic flora. We focused on gypsophile flora in Campeche, Mexico on the Zoh-Laguna Plateau. Using a combination of remote sensing, literature review, and herbarium databases, we identified 14 potential gypsum outcrops and compiled a list of vascular plant species with the potential to grow in gypsum soils in Campeche (151 total species: three probable gypsophiles and endemic to YP, 148 gypsovags). Nine of the 14 potential gypsum outcrops remain unexplored botanically, and 18 species in the final checklist were not previously reported to have an affinity for gypsum soils. This study is the first to confirm the presence of gypsum and report its concentration in the evaluated soils; gypsum content in the soils reached 51%, much higher than the commonly accepted 25%. Our results on gypsum soils and associated vegetation confirm the need for more extensive gypsophily studies in tropical zones.","PeriodicalId":49968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0266467423000238
Sebastião Maximiano Corrêa Genelhú, Rafael de Souza Laurindo, Arthur Setsuo Tahara, Letícia Langsdorff Oliveira, Renato Gregorin
Abstract In the vast Neotropic seasonal environment, the most diverse family of bats, the Phyllostomidae (leaf-nosed bats), includes up to 93 species. As the quality and quantity of food resources fluctuate in the habitats, diet heterogeneity is observed among bat species and regions of the Neotropics. In this study, we investigated by faecal analyses, how the dietary niche (DN) of eight Phyllostomidae bat species ( Artibeus planirostris , A. fimbriatus , Carollia brevicauda , C. perspicillata , Chiroderma villosum , Glossophaga soricina , Platyrrhinus lineatus , and Sturnira lilium ) that occur in a karstic area in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, change in response to seasonal food availability. We recorded the consumption of insects and nine plant families. Moraceae was the most frequent, followed by Piperaceae. Given that seasonal dietary changes can be subtle and hardly noticeable along with fluctuating habitat conditions, we performed the DN decomposition of the eight bats species into subniches, by analysing the data with the WitOMI, which is a decomposition of the niche into temporal subniches. By improving the accuracy and details of the results, we assessed the effects of abiotic (precipitation and environmental temperature) and biotic (quantity and quality of food resources) interactions within the phyllostomid bat community. For each species, we compared niche breadth and overlap and found higher values for the dry season among morphologically similar species. The results of our study suggest that ecologically similar bat species coexist occupying different DNs.
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