QUINN, J. A. (Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1582) and S. J. Meiners (Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920-3099). Growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios of Juniperus virginiana on the New Jersey Piedmont from 1963 to 2000. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 187-194. 2004.-Studies of the growth, survival, and sex ratios of dioecious species have been predominantly short-term. This research investigated growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios among cohorts of Juniperus virginiana L. from 1963 through 2000. Males (M) and females (F) in six old-fields of different ages on the New Jersey Piedmont were analyzed, starting with the initial data on height and sex expression collected by John Small on labeled recruits from 1963 through 1976. These plants were relocated and censused during the summer and fall of 2000. No changes in sex expression were recorded between 1976 and 2000. The overall sex ratio was almost 1:1 (333 M, 332 F); only one of the fields showed a significant departure from 1:1. Males grew slightly, but significantly, faster in height than females, but relative growth rates dropped by approximately 50% for both males and females once they became reproductive. Female trees were on average 23 cm taller (and older) than males at first reproduction. Heights in those males and females surviving to 2000 were not significantly different. There was no effect of an individual's sex on its likelihood of dying, but plants that became established later were shorter, often non-reproductive, and had an increased risk of mortality. These long-term results strongly support genetically-determined sex ratios and a lack of major differences between males and females in growth rates and survival, which had been suggested by single-year studies elsewhere in the species' range.
QUINN, J. A.(罗格斯大学生态、进化和自然资源系，新不伦瑞克，新泽西州08901-1582)和S. J. Meiners(东伊利诺伊大学生物科学系，查尔斯顿，伊利诺伊州61920-3099)。1963年至2000年新泽西皮埃蒙特地区弗吉尼亚杜松的生长速率、存活率和性别比。托里·博特。社会科学，131:187-194。2004.对雌雄异株物种的生长、存活和性别比的研究主要是短期的。本研究调查了1963年至2000年间弗吉尼亚杜松群的生长率、存活率和性别比例。本文以John Small从1963年到1976年收集的被标记新兵的身高和性别表达的初始数据为基础，对新泽西州皮埃蒙特地区6个不同年龄的老田野的男性(M)和女性(F)进行了分析。这些工厂在2000年夏季和秋季被重新安置并进行了普查。1976年至2000年间，性别表达没有变化。总体性别比接近1:1 (333 M, 332 F);只有一个字段显示明显偏离1:1。雄性的身高比雌性长得稍快，但明显快，但一旦进入繁殖阶段，雄性和雌性的相对生长率都下降了大约50%。在第一次繁殖时，雌树比雄树平均高23厘米(且年龄大)。存活至2000年的男女株高差异不显著。个体的性别对其死亡的可能性没有影响，但较晚形成的植物较短，通常不能繁殖，死亡的风险也更高。这些长期研究结果有力地支持了基因决定的性别比例，以及雄性和雌性在生长速度和存活率方面缺乏重大差异，这是在其他物种范围内进行的单年研究所提出的。
{"title":"Growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios of Juniperus virginiana on the New Jersey Piedmont from 1963 to 2000","authors":"J. A. Quinn, S. Meiners","doi":"10.2307/4126949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126949","url":null,"abstract":"QUINN, J. A. (Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1582) and S. J. Meiners (Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920-3099). Growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios of Juniperus virginiana on the New Jersey Piedmont from 1963 to 2000. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 187-194. 2004.-Studies of the growth, survival, and sex ratios of dioecious species have been predominantly short-term. This research investigated growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios among cohorts of Juniperus virginiana L. from 1963 through 2000. Males (M) and females (F) in six old-fields of different ages on the New Jersey Piedmont were analyzed, starting with the initial data on height and sex expression collected by John Small on labeled recruits from 1963 through 1976. These plants were relocated and censused during the summer and fall of 2000. No changes in sex expression were recorded between 1976 and 2000. The overall sex ratio was almost 1:1 (333 M, 332 F); only one of the fields showed a significant departure from 1:1. Males grew slightly, but significantly, faster in height than females, but relative growth rates dropped by approximately 50% for both males and females once they became reproductive. Female trees were on average 23 cm taller (and older) than males at first reproduction. Heights in those males and females surviving to 2000 were not significantly different. There was no effect of an individual's sex on its likelihood of dying, but plants that became established later were shorter, often non-reproductive, and had an increased risk of mortality. These long-term results strongly support genetically-determined sex ratios and a lack of major differences between males and females in growth rates and survival, which had been suggested by single-year studies elsewhere in the species' range.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
are used to generate two separate, canopy-disturbance chronologies dating to the early 1700s. Additionally, ages of Q. alba and other tree species provide estimates of decadal establishment in both forests. Comparing these dendrochronological reconstructions of forest history with an analysis of letters and descriptive information from the Madison family and more recent landowners clarifies both the timing and relative magnitude of disturbance and establishment events set forth by the documentary reconstructions. Furthermore, this comparison also reveals that disturbance and establishment events in these two forests frequently coincide with changes in land use and ownership with notable canopy disturbances occurring in 1749, 1880s, 1920s, and 1987 and an establishment episode in the mid-1800s. These events have most likely increased the dominance of L. tulipifera; however, both forests still retain trees that pre-date Madison-family settlement.
{"title":"Forest history of James Madison's Montpelier Plantation1","authors":"D. Druckenbrod, H. Shugart","doi":"10.2307/4126951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126951","url":null,"abstract":"are used to generate two separate, canopy-disturbance chronologies dating to the early 1700s. Additionally, ages of Q. alba and other tree species provide estimates of decadal establishment in both forests. Comparing these dendrochronological reconstructions of forest history with an analysis of letters and descriptive information from the Madison family and more recent landowners clarifies both the timing and relative magnitude of disturbance and establishment events set forth by the documentary reconstructions. Furthermore, this comparison also reveals that disturbance and establishment events in these two forests frequently coincide with changes in land use and ownership with notable canopy disturbances occurring in 1749, 1880s, 1920s, and 1987 and an establishment episode in the mid-1800s. These events have most likely increased the dominance of L. tulipifera; however, both forests still retain trees that pre-date Madison-family settlement.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myla F. J. Aronson, Colleen A. Hatfield, J. Hartman
ARONSON, M. E J., C. A. HATFIELD, AND J. M. HARTMAN. (Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1582). Plant community patterns of low-gradient forested floodplains in a New Jersey urban landscape. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 232-242. 2004.-This study characterized the vegetation of floodplain forests along a 66 km stretch of the upper Passaic River in northern New Jersey, USA. Although the study wetlands lie in a highly disturbed region of New Jersey, they are intact and well-buffered floodplains. A characterization of wetlands in this region is imperative to properly assess and restore natural lands in this ever increasingly developed landscape. As in similar floodplain systems, there was a change in canopy composition along the 66 km stretch. Specifically, Quercus palustris dominated forests shifted to Acer saccharinum dominated forests near the midpoint of the sampled river section. Sub-canopy, shrub and ground vegetation were sampled but clear patterns were not detected with respect to position along the sampled river section. Species richness was lower than any other published descriptions for this type of floodplain system. The low species richness in all strata may be attributed to urban influences although this requires additional study. Exotic flora represented up to 20% of the total flora, but did not appear to correlate with river position or canopy composition. Our data provide quantitative vegetation descriptions of reference wetland standards for a hydrogeomorphic model for this river system.
{"title":"Plant community patterns of low-gradient forested floodplains in a New Jersey urban landscape1","authors":"Myla F. J. Aronson, Colleen A. Hatfield, J. Hartman","doi":"10.2307/4126953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126953","url":null,"abstract":"ARONSON, M. E J., C. A. HATFIELD, AND J. M. HARTMAN. (Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1582). Plant community patterns of low-gradient forested floodplains in a New Jersey urban landscape. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 232-242. 2004.-This study characterized the vegetation of floodplain forests along a 66 km stretch of the upper Passaic River in northern New Jersey, USA. Although the study wetlands lie in a highly disturbed region of New Jersey, they are intact and well-buffered floodplains. A characterization of wetlands in this region is imperative to properly assess and restore natural lands in this ever increasingly developed landscape. As in similar floodplain systems, there was a change in canopy composition along the 66 km stretch. Specifically, Quercus palustris dominated forests shifted to Acer saccharinum dominated forests near the midpoint of the sampled river section. Sub-canopy, shrub and ground vegetation were sampled but clear patterns were not detected with respect to position along the sampled river section. Species richness was lower than any other published descriptions for this type of floodplain system. The low species richness in all strata may be attributed to urban influences although this requires additional study. Exotic flora represented up to 20% of the total flora, but did not appear to correlate with river position or canopy composition. Our data provide quantitative vegetation descriptions of reference wetland standards for a hydrogeomorphic model for this river system.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BARRINGER, KERRY (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225-1099, USA.), New Jersey Pinweeds (Lechea, Cistaceae). J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 261-276. 2004.-The seven species of Lechea (Cistaceae) in New Jersey are identified and described. The plants prefer dry, open habitats and are most common on the sandy soils of the coastal plain. Nine names were based on New Jersey plants and these are typified. While most species are not rare or endangered in New Jersey, loss of habitat has decreased the distribution of L. minor L. and L. pulchella Raf. in the state.
BARRINGER, KERRY (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225-1099, USA)， New Jersey pinweed (Lechea, cisstaceae)。托里·博特。社会科学，131:261-276。2004.-对美国新泽西州的7种乳清(乳清科)进行了鉴定和描述。这种植物喜欢干燥、开阔的栖息地，在沿海平原的沙质土壤上最常见。9个名字是基于新泽西的植物，这些都是典型的。虽然大多数物种在新泽西州不是稀有或濒危物种，但栖息地的丧失使小L. L.和小L. L. pulchella Raf的分布减少。在这个州。
{"title":"New Jersey Pinweeds (Lechea, Cistaceae)","authors":"Kerry Barringer","doi":"10.2307/4126957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126957","url":null,"abstract":"BARRINGER, KERRY (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225-1099, USA.), New Jersey Pinweeds (Lechea, Cistaceae). J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 261-276. 2004.-The seven species of Lechea (Cistaceae) in New Jersey are identified and described. The plants prefer dry, open habitats and are most common on the sandy soils of the coastal plain. Nine names were based on New Jersey plants and these are typified. While most species are not rare or endangered in New Jersey, loss of habitat has decreased the distribution of L. minor L. and L. pulchella Raf. in the state.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RUBINO, D. L. AND B. C. MCCARTHY (Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701). Presence of aposematic (warning) coloration in vascular plants of southeastern Ohio. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 252-256. 2004.-Aposematic coloration, use of conspicuous colors to advertise unpleasant qualities to potential predators, is well documented in the animal kingdom. However, similar use of warning coloration in plants to advertise physical armaments (spines, thorns, or prickles) has been, until recently, unreported. A preliminary survey of physically armed plants in southeastern Ohio (USA) revealed a high incidence of aposematic coloration-the presence of physical armaments colored differently than the structure on which they are borne. Furthermore, aposematic coloration was found in a wide variety of taxonomically diverse vascular plants. Future research into the possible role of aposematic coloration in vascular plants could greatly expand our knowledge of plant/herbivore interactions.
RUBINO, D. L. AND B. C. MCCARTHY(美国俄亥俄大学环境与植物生物学系，俄亥俄州雅典45701)。俄亥俄州东南部维管植物中出现警示(警告)色。托里·博特。社会科学，131:252-256。2004.警示性着色，即使用显眼的颜色向潜在的捕食者宣传不愉快的品质，在动物界有很好的记录。然而，在植物中使用类似的警告色来宣传物理武器(刺、刺或刺)，直到最近才有报道。一项对美国俄亥俄州东南部武装植物的初步调查显示，警示性着色的发生率很高——武装植物的颜色与它们所处的结构不同。此外，在各种不同的维管植物中发现了警示性着色。未来对维管植物中警示色的可能作用的研究可以极大地扩展我们对植物/草食相互作用的认识。
{"title":"Presence of aposematic (warning) coloration in vascular plants of southeastern Ohio","authors":"Darrin L. Rubino, B. Mccarthy","doi":"10.2307/4126955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126955","url":null,"abstract":"RUBINO, D. L. AND B. C. MCCARTHY (Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701). Presence of aposematic (warning) coloration in vascular plants of southeastern Ohio. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 252-256. 2004.-Aposematic coloration, use of conspicuous colors to advertise unpleasant qualities to potential predators, is well documented in the animal kingdom. However, similar use of warning coloration in plants to advertise physical armaments (spines, thorns, or prickles) has been, until recently, unreported. A preliminary survey of physically armed plants in southeastern Ohio (USA) revealed a high incidence of aposematic coloration-the presence of physical armaments colored differently than the structure on which they are borne. Furthermore, aposematic coloration was found in a wide variety of taxonomically diverse vascular plants. Future research into the possible role of aposematic coloration in vascular plants could greatly expand our knowledge of plant/herbivore interactions.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GLENN, STEVEN D. AND KERRY BARRINGER (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225-1099, U.S.A.). Cardamine impatiens (Brassicaceae) in New Jersey. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 257260. 2004.-Cardamine impatiens L. is reported for New Jersey for the first time. Its life history is reviewed, and hydrochory is hypothesized to be a major component of seed dispersal. An efficient dispersal system combined with prolific reproductive traits suggests invasive behavior, and warrants continued monitoring of this species.
GLENN, STEVEN D.和KERRY BARRINGER(布鲁克林植物园，1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225-1099, usa)。新泽西州的小豆蔻凤仙花。托里·博特。社会科学学报。131:257260。2004.本文为新泽西州首次报道的cardamine impatiens。对其生活史进行了回顾，并提出了其在种子传播过程中的重要作用。有效的扩散系统与多产的繁殖特征相结合，表明了入侵行为，值得对该物种进行持续监测。
{"title":"Cardamine impatiens L. (Brassicaceae) in New Jersey","authors":"Steven D. Glenn, Kerry Barringer","doi":"10.2307/4126956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126956","url":null,"abstract":"GLENN, STEVEN D. AND KERRY BARRINGER (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225-1099, U.S.A.). Cardamine impatiens (Brassicaceae) in New Jersey. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 257260. 2004.-Cardamine impatiens L. is reported for New Jersey for the first time. Its life history is reviewed, and hydrochory is hypothesized to be a major component of seed dispersal. An efficient dispersal system combined with prolific reproductive traits suggests invasive behavior, and warrants continued monitoring of this species.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithophila and Blutaparon. Morphological features suggest that the group of about nine endemic species of Alternanthera can be traced back to two or three original colonization events. Several infraspecific taxa have been recognized but the current classification should be regarded as tentative and further studies based on molecular data are needed. In the Hawaiian Islands the subfamily Amaranthoideae has differentiated, with one genus, Nototrichium, endemic with three species. The genus Charpentiera has five endemic species in Hawaii and one species in the Austral Islands. The higher level of endemism in Hawaii as compared with that in the Galapagos stems from the combined effects of the more isolated geographical position, the more varied ecological conditions, and the greater geological age of the Hawaiian chain.
{"title":"The evolutionary patterns of the plant family Amaranthaceae on the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands","authors":"U. Eliasson","doi":"10.2307/4126911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126911","url":null,"abstract":"Lithophila and Blutaparon. Morphological features suggest that the group of about nine endemic species of Alternanthera can be traced back to two or three original colonization events. Several infraspecific taxa have been recognized but the current classification should be regarded as tentative and further studies based on molecular data are needed. In the Hawaiian Islands the subfamily Amaranthoideae has differentiated, with one genus, Nototrichium, endemic with three species. The genus Charpentiera has five endemic species in Hawaii and one species in the Austral Islands. The higher level of endemism in Hawaii as compared with that in the Galapagos stems from the combined effects of the more isolated geographical position, the more varied ecological conditions, and the greater geological age of the Hawaiian chain.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
reached highest total plant biomass [0.28 ? 0.01 g (mean ? SE)] at flowering. Total plant biomass decreased from flowering to mericarp maturity. In two successive years, the proportion of total biomass allocated to roots (- 22.2 ? 2.9%) at five growth stages was less than that allocated to any other vegetative structure. Changes in biomass allocation during reproductive growth stages occurred only in above-ground structures. Although mass of reproductive structures was strongly correlated with plant vegetative mass, differences in slopes of the regressions between years indicated that between cohort differences in percent reproductive allocation were not completely accounted for by overall plant size.
{"title":"Ecological life cycle of Chaerophyllum procumbens variety shortii (Apiaceae), a winter annual of the North American Eastern Deciduous Forest","authors":"C. Baskin, T. Hawkins, J. Baskin","doi":"10.2307/4126914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126914","url":null,"abstract":"reached highest total plant biomass [0.28 ? 0.01 g (mean ? SE)] at flowering. Total plant biomass decreased from flowering to mericarp maturity. In two successive years, the proportion of total biomass allocated to roots (- 22.2 ? 2.9%) at five growth stages was less than that allocated to any other vegetative structure. Changes in biomass allocation during reproductive growth stages occurred only in above-ground structures. Although mass of reproductive structures was strongly correlated with plant vegetative mass, differences in slopes of the regressions between years indicated that between cohort differences in percent reproductive allocation were not completely accounted for by overall plant size.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela G. Brommit, N. Charbonneau, Thomas A. Contreras, L. Fahrig
BROMMIT, A., N. CHARBONNEAU, T. A. CONTRERAS and L. FAHRIG (Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6). Crown loss and subsequent branch sprouting of forest trees in response to a major ice storm. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 169-176. 2004.-In January of 1998, a severe ice storm hit much of eastern Ontario, western Quebec, and the northeastern United States. The objective of this study was to determine whether this disturbance could result in short-term changes in canopy dominance by different tree species. We measured canopy loss in 1998 of 2,919 trees in 164 forest plots distributed across the Ottawa, Ontario region. In 2000, we measured branch sprouting in the same trees. We found a positive cross-species relationship between the proportion of stems damaged by the ice storm and the proportion of stems showing branch sprouting in response to damage (r = 0.498, P = 0.01). Prunus serotina and Acer rubrum showed exceptionally high sprouting-to-damage ratios, whereas Fagus grandifolia and Populus tremuloides showed exceptionally low ratios. Mean percent crown loss and mean number of branch sprouts on damaged stems were also correlated across species (r = 0.404, P = 0.04). Prunus serotina and Quercus macrocarpa showed exceptionally high mean number of branch sprouts and Carpinus caroliniana showed exceptionally low mean number of branch sprouts compared to other species. No conifer species showed any branch sprouting. We predict that due to these different sprouting-to-damage ratios, species such as Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum, and possibly Quercus macrocarpa, may become better represented in the forest canopy while Fagus grandifolia, Populus tremuloides, and conifer species may become less well represented in the canopy in the short-term. These changes in canopy dominance may be prolonged if ice storms become more common due to climate change.
BROMMIT, A.， N. CHARBONNEAU, T. A. CONTRERAS和L. FAHRIG(卡尔顿大学生物系，加拿大安大略省渥太华，K1S 5B6)。林冠损失和随后的树枝发芽对一次大冰暴的反应。托里·博特。《社会科学》131:169-176。2004.1998年1月，一场严重的冰暴袭击了安大略省东部、魁北克省西部和美国东北部的大部分地区。本研究的目的是确定这种干扰是否会导致不同树种冠层优势度的短期变化。1998年，我们测量了分布在渥太华和安大略地区164个森林地块的2919棵树的冠层损失。2000年，我们测量了同一棵树上的树枝发芽情况。结果表明，被冰暴破坏的茎秆所占比例与响应冰暴而萌发枝条的茎秆所占比例呈显著正相关(r = 0.498, P = 0.01)。桃李和红槭的发芽率异常高，而大叶Fagus和银杏的发芽率异常低。平均冠损失率和平均枝芽数在不同物种间也具有相关性(r = 0.404, P = 0.04)。与其他树种相比，桃李和大栎的平均枝芽数异常高，卡罗莱纳树的平均枝芽数异常低。针叶树种均未出现枝芽。我们预测，由于这些不同的发芽率，短时间内，长叶李(Prunus sertina)、红槭(Acer rubrum)和大栎(Quercus macrocarpa)等树种可能在林冠层中得到更好的代表，而大叶王(Fagus triuloides)、白杨(Populus tremuloides)和针叶树在林冠层中的代表可能会减少。如果冰暴由于气候变化而变得更加普遍，这些冠层优势的变化可能会延长。
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DALE, EDWARD E., JR. (Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72601) and STEWART WARE (Dept. of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795). Distribution of wetland tree species in relation to a flooding gradient and backwater versus streamside location in Arkansas, U.S.A. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 177-186. 2004.-Most of Arkansas is outside the normal geographic range of several bottomland hardwood species important in floodplain forests of the southeastern United States. Other species therefore occupy the portions of the flooding gradient normally filled by those missing species. Analysis of 45 non-quantitative elevational transects from slough edge or stream edge to upland sites and ordination of 58 quantitatively sampled bottomland stands were used to assess distribution of tree species along a flooding gradient and in relation to steamside vs. backwater habitats in southern and eastern Arkansas. Emphasis was on hardwood stands dominated by species other than the extremely flood-tolerant Taxodium distichum and streamside species Salix nigra. Flooding gradient rankings based on site dominance along the elevational transects could be assigned to 20 tree species. Across the ordination, three dominant oaks were arranged from drier to wetter sites in the order Quercus nigra, Q. phellos, and Q. lyrata. Despite a wide moisture tolerance, Liquidambar styraciflua was much more important toward the drier end of the ordination. Carya ovata was important in much wetter stands than would be predicted by the literature, and Quercus stellata and Q. texana (= Q. nuttallii) were most important near the middle rather than at the drier end of the ordination. Carya aquatica was the important hickory in the wetter half of the ordination, and occurred in both backwater and streamside stands. Celtis laevigata also reached high importance in both streamside and backwater sites, and its associates in those sites suggest that it has greater flood tolerance than indicated by the elevational transects. Taxa like Forestiera acuminata and Planera aquatica that typically occur as subcanopy species were dominant in some wet stands, presumably because timber harvest had removed most of the original canopy trees. Ulmus spp. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica occurred at moderate levels across all but the driest portion of the flooding gradient, but almost never dominated a stand, and surprisingly were rarely important in the same stands. The important southern bottomland forest species Quercus laurifolia, Fraxinus caroliniana, F. profunda, and Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (= N. biflora) are among those absent from the study area, and several other such species were present but of very low importance (Quercus michauxii, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Betula nigra).
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