Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2337
Oyedele, O. A., Jekayinfa, S. O., Alade, A. O.
The research explores the viability of Kola Nut Pod (KNP) residue, derived from kola fruit in West African countries, as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The abundant KNP husk, a byproduct, raises environmental concerns if discarded directly. The study aims to utilize KNP as a biocatalyst to address environmental issues and reduce biodiesel feedstock costs. Applying calcination temperatures from 500 to 900 ℃, the resulting ash undergoes chemical analysis to determine the optimal temperature for catalyst formation. The material undergoes pre-treatment, including drying and grinding, with varied calcination temperatures to obtain ash products. Chemical, elemental, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses characterize both uncalcined and calcined samples. The uncalcined sample contains SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, and other oxides, with CaO as the predominant component. Calcination temperature effects indicate increased SiO2 and Al2O3, while CaO remains stable, presenting KNP as a promising biodiesel catalyst feedstock. Elemental composition analysis identifies potassium as the key catalytic contributor. The CaO content shows an increase from the uncalcined state (29.52%) to 42.81% at 500 and 600°C, and relatively stable at 41% from 700 to 900°C. The elemental composition reveals that potassium is the most abundant element at 31.7%, followed by calcium (17%), and magnesium (7.4%). XRD analysis confirms CaO as the primary compound in calcined KNP ash, with Ca (OH)2 and KCl occurrences. The study offers insights into the optimal calcination temperature for KNP-derived catalysts, underscoring Kola Nut Pod residue's potential as a cost-effective and eco-friendly source for biodiesel production.
{"title":"Evaluation of Impact of Calcination Temperatures on Kola Nut Pod Residue as Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis","authors":"Oyedele, O. A., Jekayinfa, S. O., Alade, A. O.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2337","url":null,"abstract":"The research explores the viability of Kola Nut Pod (KNP) residue, derived from kola fruit in West African countries, as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The abundant KNP husk, a byproduct, raises environmental concerns if discarded directly. The study aims to utilize KNP as a biocatalyst to address environmental issues and reduce biodiesel feedstock costs. Applying calcination temperatures from 500 to 900 ℃, the resulting ash undergoes chemical analysis to determine the optimal temperature for catalyst formation. The material undergoes pre-treatment, including drying and grinding, with varied calcination temperatures to obtain ash products. Chemical, elemental, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses characterize both uncalcined and calcined samples. The uncalcined sample contains SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, and other oxides, with CaO as the predominant component. Calcination temperature effects indicate increased SiO2 and Al2O3, while CaO remains stable, presenting KNP as a promising biodiesel catalyst feedstock. Elemental composition analysis identifies potassium as the key catalytic contributor. The CaO content shows an increase from the uncalcined state (29.52%) to 42.81% at 500 and 600°C, and relatively stable at 41% from 700 to 900°C. The elemental composition reveals that potassium is the most abundant element at 31.7%, followed by calcium (17%), and magnesium (7.4%). XRD analysis confirms CaO as the primary compound in calcined KNP ash, with Ca (OH)2 and KCl occurrences. The study offers insights into the optimal calcination temperature for KNP-derived catalysts, underscoring Kola Nut Pod residue's potential as a cost-effective and eco-friendly source for biodiesel production.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2334
I. Quaicoe, Gifty Adwoa Stephens, Charlotte Abena Benyarku, Nikao A. Lasidzi
Climate change and population growth has necessitated the need for sustainable fuel/energy sources. This study aimed to produce alternative fuel sources from waste biomasses (coconut husk, wood sawdust and waste charcoal residue). Particularly, the influence of agro-waste type on resulting briquette combustion properties (volatile matter, calorific value, fixed carbon and ash content) was examined. Charring was achieved using local reactor whilst cassava starch was used as a binder. Briquettes of sizes ranging between ~ 40 - 60 mm with varying residual moisture contents (8 – 12%) were produced. For thermal characteristics, the results showed that the briquettes from coconut husk yielded highest volatile matter content (36%) followed by fine charcoal particles’ (33%) and sawdust briquettes (3%). The Ash contents for the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 2%, 21% and 31%, respectively. For the fixed carbon contents, briquettes from coconut husk had 34% whilst charcoal and sawdust ones had 46% and 96%, respectively. The calorific values of the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 3531, 4047 and 5085 kcal/kg, respectively. Generally, the results showed that briquettes produced from sawdust had superior combustion characteristics than those from coconut husk and charcoal. Overall, the work has demonstrated the possibility of producing quality briquettes which could serve as alternative sustainable fuel/energy for various households who are dependent on unstainable fuels such as charcoal produced from trees. Moreover, the outcome can also serve as a key alternative method for managing abundant agro-waste in various communities, especially in the developing countries.
{"title":"Assessment of Combustion Properties of Briquettes Produced from Three Different Biomasses Sourced from Tarkwa, Ghana","authors":"I. Quaicoe, Gifty Adwoa Stephens, Charlotte Abena Benyarku, Nikao A. Lasidzi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2334","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and population growth has necessitated the need for sustainable fuel/energy sources. This study aimed to produce alternative fuel sources from waste biomasses (coconut husk, wood sawdust and waste charcoal residue). Particularly, the influence of agro-waste type on resulting briquette combustion properties (volatile matter, calorific value, fixed carbon and ash content) was examined. Charring was achieved using local reactor whilst cassava starch was used as a binder. Briquettes of sizes ranging between ~ 40 - 60 mm with varying residual moisture contents (8 – 12%) were produced. For thermal characteristics, the results showed that the briquettes from coconut husk yielded highest volatile matter content (36%) followed by fine charcoal particles’ (33%) and sawdust briquettes (3%). The Ash contents for the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 2%, 21% and 31%, respectively. For the fixed carbon contents, briquettes from coconut husk had 34% whilst charcoal and sawdust ones had 46% and 96%, respectively. The calorific values of the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 3531, 4047 and 5085 kcal/kg, respectively. Generally, the results showed that briquettes produced from sawdust had superior combustion characteristics than those from coconut husk and charcoal. Overall, the work has demonstrated the possibility of producing quality briquettes which could serve as alternative sustainable fuel/energy for various households who are dependent on unstainable fuels such as charcoal produced from trees. Moreover, the outcome can also serve as a key alternative method for managing abundant agro-waste in various communities, especially in the developing countries.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2334
I. Quaicoe, Gifty Adwoa Stephens, Charlotte Abena Benyarku, Nikao A. Lasidzi
Climate change and population growth has necessitated the need for sustainable fuel/energy sources. This study aimed to produce alternative fuel sources from waste biomasses (coconut husk, wood sawdust and waste charcoal residue). Particularly, the influence of agro-waste type on resulting briquette combustion properties (volatile matter, calorific value, fixed carbon and ash content) was examined. Charring was achieved using local reactor whilst cassava starch was used as a binder. Briquettes of sizes ranging between ~ 40 - 60 mm with varying residual moisture contents (8 – 12%) were produced. For thermal characteristics, the results showed that the briquettes from coconut husk yielded highest volatile matter content (36%) followed by fine charcoal particles’ (33%) and sawdust briquettes (3%). The Ash contents for the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 2%, 21% and 31%, respectively. For the fixed carbon contents, briquettes from coconut husk had 34% whilst charcoal and sawdust ones had 46% and 96%, respectively. The calorific values of the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 3531, 4047 and 5085 kcal/kg, respectively. Generally, the results showed that briquettes produced from sawdust had superior combustion characteristics than those from coconut husk and charcoal. Overall, the work has demonstrated the possibility of producing quality briquettes which could serve as alternative sustainable fuel/energy for various households who are dependent on unstainable fuels such as charcoal produced from trees. Moreover, the outcome can also serve as a key alternative method for managing abundant agro-waste in various communities, especially in the developing countries.
{"title":"Assessment of Combustion Properties of Briquettes Produced from Three Different Biomasses Sourced from Tarkwa, Ghana","authors":"I. Quaicoe, Gifty Adwoa Stephens, Charlotte Abena Benyarku, Nikao A. Lasidzi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2334","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and population growth has necessitated the need for sustainable fuel/energy sources. This study aimed to produce alternative fuel sources from waste biomasses (coconut husk, wood sawdust and waste charcoal residue). Particularly, the influence of agro-waste type on resulting briquette combustion properties (volatile matter, calorific value, fixed carbon and ash content) was examined. Charring was achieved using local reactor whilst cassava starch was used as a binder. Briquettes of sizes ranging between ~ 40 - 60 mm with varying residual moisture contents (8 – 12%) were produced. For thermal characteristics, the results showed that the briquettes from coconut husk yielded highest volatile matter content (36%) followed by fine charcoal particles’ (33%) and sawdust briquettes (3%). The Ash contents for the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 2%, 21% and 31%, respectively. For the fixed carbon contents, briquettes from coconut husk had 34% whilst charcoal and sawdust ones had 46% and 96%, respectively. The calorific values of the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 3531, 4047 and 5085 kcal/kg, respectively. Generally, the results showed that briquettes produced from sawdust had superior combustion characteristics than those from coconut husk and charcoal. Overall, the work has demonstrated the possibility of producing quality briquettes which could serve as alternative sustainable fuel/energy for various households who are dependent on unstainable fuels such as charcoal produced from trees. Moreover, the outcome can also serve as a key alternative method for managing abundant agro-waste in various communities, especially in the developing countries.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"228 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139833777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2333
N. E. Nwanze, S. C. Iweka, K. E. Madu, E. D. Edafiadhe
Least square regression and machine learning tools were used for the development of global solar radiation forecasting models for Asaba region. Data from the year 2013-2022 from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Asaba was used for this study. The least square regression method was used to develop four global solar radiation -based models, tagged H1, H2, H3 and H4 with characteristic day length, solar declination angle, rainfall amount, etc. as its model terms while the machine learning models produced multilayer perceptron, coarse Gaussian model (SVM-based model) and XGBoost model. The prediction factors like mean bias error, mean percentage error, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe equation, coefficient of correlation (R), t-test, and coefficient of determination (R2) were considered using the model terms. The results indicates that H4 model outperformed H1, H2, H3, machine learning models (SVM-based model, multilayer perceptron and XGBoost) and other existing models (MA-MME and MLR) with a mean percentage error value of 0.740, RMSE value of 46.588, Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of 0.739, higher R2 value of 0.7391, t-test value of 2.595E-24 and mean bias error value of -6.88E-12. Thus, H4 model results fell within accepted range. Additionally, the exergy of the global solar radiation of Asaba varied from 20-185 W/m2 which are good. This shows that a more efficient and ideal global solar radiation prediction model (H4) has been developed for Asaba and other regions that share similar climatic conditions.
{"title":"Solar Radiation Forecasting Models and their Thermodynamic Analysis in Asaba: Least Square Regression and Machine Learning Approach","authors":"N. E. Nwanze, S. C. Iweka, K. E. Madu, E. D. Edafiadhe","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2333","url":null,"abstract":"Least square regression and machine learning tools were used for the development of global solar radiation forecasting models for Asaba region. Data from the year 2013-2022 from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Asaba was used for this study. The least square regression method was used to develop four global solar radiation -based models, tagged H1, H2, H3 and H4 with characteristic day length, solar declination angle, rainfall amount, etc. as its model terms while the machine learning models produced multilayer perceptron, coarse Gaussian model (SVM-based model) and XGBoost model. The prediction factors like mean bias error, mean percentage error, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe equation, coefficient of correlation (R), t-test, and coefficient of determination (R2) were considered using the model terms. The results indicates that H4 model outperformed H1, H2, H3, machine learning models (SVM-based model, multilayer perceptron and XGBoost) and other existing models (MA-MME and MLR) with a mean percentage error value of 0.740, RMSE value of 46.588, Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of 0.739, higher R2 value of 0.7391, t-test value of 2.595E-24 and mean bias error value of -6.88E-12. Thus, H4 model results fell within accepted range. Additionally, the exergy of the global solar radiation of Asaba varied from 20-185 W/m2 which are good. This shows that a more efficient and ideal global solar radiation prediction model (H4) has been developed for Asaba and other regions that share similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"108 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139794675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2333
N. E. Nwanze, S. C. Iweka, K. E. Madu, E. D. Edafiadhe
Least square regression and machine learning tools were used for the development of global solar radiation forecasting models for Asaba region. Data from the year 2013-2022 from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Asaba was used for this study. The least square regression method was used to develop four global solar radiation -based models, tagged H1, H2, H3 and H4 with characteristic day length, solar declination angle, rainfall amount, etc. as its model terms while the machine learning models produced multilayer perceptron, coarse Gaussian model (SVM-based model) and XGBoost model. The prediction factors like mean bias error, mean percentage error, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe equation, coefficient of correlation (R), t-test, and coefficient of determination (R2) were considered using the model terms. The results indicates that H4 model outperformed H1, H2, H3, machine learning models (SVM-based model, multilayer perceptron and XGBoost) and other existing models (MA-MME and MLR) with a mean percentage error value of 0.740, RMSE value of 46.588, Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of 0.739, higher R2 value of 0.7391, t-test value of 2.595E-24 and mean bias error value of -6.88E-12. Thus, H4 model results fell within accepted range. Additionally, the exergy of the global solar radiation of Asaba varied from 20-185 W/m2 which are good. This shows that a more efficient and ideal global solar radiation prediction model (H4) has been developed for Asaba and other regions that share similar climatic conditions.
{"title":"Solar Radiation Forecasting Models and their Thermodynamic Analysis in Asaba: Least Square Regression and Machine Learning Approach","authors":"N. E. Nwanze, S. C. Iweka, K. E. Madu, E. D. Edafiadhe","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2333","url":null,"abstract":"Least square regression and machine learning tools were used for the development of global solar radiation forecasting models for Asaba region. Data from the year 2013-2022 from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Asaba was used for this study. The least square regression method was used to develop four global solar radiation -based models, tagged H1, H2, H3 and H4 with characteristic day length, solar declination angle, rainfall amount, etc. as its model terms while the machine learning models produced multilayer perceptron, coarse Gaussian model (SVM-based model) and XGBoost model. The prediction factors like mean bias error, mean percentage error, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe equation, coefficient of correlation (R), t-test, and coefficient of determination (R2) were considered using the model terms. The results indicates that H4 model outperformed H1, H2, H3, machine learning models (SVM-based model, multilayer perceptron and XGBoost) and other existing models (MA-MME and MLR) with a mean percentage error value of 0.740, RMSE value of 46.588, Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of 0.739, higher R2 value of 0.7391, t-test value of 2.595E-24 and mean bias error value of -6.88E-12. Thus, H4 model results fell within accepted range. Additionally, the exergy of the global solar radiation of Asaba varied from 20-185 W/m2 which are good. This shows that a more efficient and ideal global solar radiation prediction model (H4) has been developed for Asaba and other regions that share similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139854585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2332
Ohaeri, E. C., Obafemi A. A.
Noise pollution, though not a new problem, has increased in recent times in reflection of human activities. Noise is an unpleasant sound capable of causing psychological and physiological problems for human health and society. This study aimed to assess the impact of noise pollution on the health of residents in the capital cities of Calabar, Port Harcourt, Uyo and Yenagoa. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire designed to get firsthand information from respondents on variables such as socioeconomic characteristics, noise effect, neighbourhood noise awareness and sources. Across all the cities, multiple choices of noise were picked by the respondents, mostly vehicular traffic and generating plants. Mental stress (16.6%) was reported as the common effect of noise pollution, followed by distraction and lack of concentration to work (13.4%), while the least effect was a risk of accident (2.1%), followed by speech interference (1.8%). Thus, it is recommended that cities with high noise generation activities should adopt noise pollution regulation policies and also have potential mitigation measures in place, which should include noise-absorbing structures.
{"title":"Impact Analysis of Noise Pollution on Human-Health: A Case Study of Southern Region of Nigeria","authors":"Ohaeri, E. C., Obafemi A. A.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2332","url":null,"abstract":"Noise pollution, though not a new problem, has increased in recent times in reflection of human activities. Noise is an unpleasant sound capable of causing psychological and physiological problems for human health and society. This study aimed to assess the impact of noise pollution on the health of residents in the capital cities of Calabar, Port Harcourt, Uyo and Yenagoa. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire designed to get firsthand information from respondents on variables such as socioeconomic characteristics, noise effect, neighbourhood noise awareness and sources. Across all the cities, multiple choices of noise were picked by the respondents, mostly vehicular traffic and generating plants. Mental stress (16.6%) was reported as the common effect of noise pollution, followed by distraction and lack of concentration to work (13.4%), while the least effect was a risk of accident (2.1%), followed by speech interference (1.8%). Thus, it is recommended that cities with high noise generation activities should adopt noise pollution regulation policies and also have potential mitigation measures in place, which should include noise-absorbing structures.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"339 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139807787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2332
Ohaeri, E. C., Obafemi A. A.
Noise pollution, though not a new problem, has increased in recent times in reflection of human activities. Noise is an unpleasant sound capable of causing psychological and physiological problems for human health and society. This study aimed to assess the impact of noise pollution on the health of residents in the capital cities of Calabar, Port Harcourt, Uyo and Yenagoa. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire designed to get firsthand information from respondents on variables such as socioeconomic characteristics, noise effect, neighbourhood noise awareness and sources. Across all the cities, multiple choices of noise were picked by the respondents, mostly vehicular traffic and generating plants. Mental stress (16.6%) was reported as the common effect of noise pollution, followed by distraction and lack of concentration to work (13.4%), while the least effect was a risk of accident (2.1%), followed by speech interference (1.8%). Thus, it is recommended that cities with high noise generation activities should adopt noise pollution regulation policies and also have potential mitigation measures in place, which should include noise-absorbing structures.
{"title":"Impact Analysis of Noise Pollution on Human-Health: A Case Study of Southern Region of Nigeria","authors":"Ohaeri, E. C., Obafemi A. A.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i2332","url":null,"abstract":"Noise pollution, though not a new problem, has increased in recent times in reflection of human activities. Noise is an unpleasant sound capable of causing psychological and physiological problems for human health and society. This study aimed to assess the impact of noise pollution on the health of residents in the capital cities of Calabar, Port Harcourt, Uyo and Yenagoa. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire designed to get firsthand information from respondents on variables such as socioeconomic characteristics, noise effect, neighbourhood noise awareness and sources. Across all the cities, multiple choices of noise were picked by the respondents, mostly vehicular traffic and generating plants. Mental stress (16.6%) was reported as the common effect of noise pollution, followed by distraction and lack of concentration to work (13.4%), while the least effect was a risk of accident (2.1%), followed by speech interference (1.8%). Thus, it is recommended that cities with high noise generation activities should adopt noise pollution regulation policies and also have potential mitigation measures in place, which should include noise-absorbing structures.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139867751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i1328
A. Dauda, Zainab Bilyaminu Aminu, A. A. Olaleye, Nurudeen Adamu, Yau Musa
This research aims to provide the recycling techniques of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste. As a means of converting abundant waste to wealth, pyrolysis of LDPE and mixed LDPE - PET was carried out in a batch reactor made of stainless steel at temperatures between 450 – 460OC. The vapor produced from melting the waste was condensed to form the liquid hydrocarbon (fuel oil) product. The effect of reaction time and product yield were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the pyrolysis oil measured include density, specific gravity, flash point, color, fire point, flammability and viscosity. For the LDPE the flash point, fire point, density, specific gravity, and viscosity was found to be 39.5 oC, 48 oC, 8.1872, 0.793g/cm, 0.775g/cm3, and 1.566 cSt respectively while for the Mixture of LDPE with PET the flash point, fire point, density, specific gravity, viscosity and Sulphur content was found to be 44 oC, 48 oC, 8.1872, 0.7837g/cm, 0.7916 g/cm3, 1.1660 cSt and 8.1872 respectively. These values were found to be within the range of kerosene values. The fuel was tested in both kerosene lamp and petrol generator.
{"title":"Conversion of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Mixed Low-Density Polyethylene with Polyethylene Terepthalate (LDPE and PET) into Hybrid Fuel","authors":"A. Dauda, Zainab Bilyaminu Aminu, A. A. Olaleye, Nurudeen Adamu, Yau Musa","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i1328","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to provide the recycling techniques of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste. As a means of converting abundant waste to wealth, pyrolysis of LDPE and mixed LDPE - PET was carried out in a batch reactor made of stainless steel at temperatures between 450 – 460OC. The vapor produced from melting the waste was condensed to form the liquid hydrocarbon (fuel oil) product. The effect of reaction time and product yield were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the pyrolysis oil measured include density, specific gravity, flash point, color, fire point, flammability and viscosity. For the LDPE the flash point, fire point, density, specific gravity, and viscosity was found to be 39.5 oC, 48 oC, 8.1872, 0.793g/cm, 0.775g/cm3, and 1.566 cSt respectively while for the Mixture of LDPE with PET the flash point, fire point, density, specific gravity, viscosity and Sulphur content was found to be 44 oC, 48 oC, 8.1872, 0.7837g/cm, 0.7916 g/cm3, 1.1660 cSt and 8.1872 respectively. These values were found to be within the range of kerosene values. The fuel was tested in both kerosene lamp and petrol generator.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":" 82","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i1326
B. G. Muhihi
The effect of climate change is visibly spread with no boundaries all over the world. With multiple effects of climate change, its mitigation mechanisms vary. However, striving for universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable clean energy is arguably one of the significant sought mitigation strategies, especially in the context of Africa. This raises concern about whether the road to clean energy in the work of mitigating the devastating climate change is eloquent or a myth. Using ARIMA, the paper forecasted access to electricity to calibrate the reduction of over-dependence on climate change-inducing energy sources such as firewood and charcoal. The paper used time series data from 1992 to 2022, with a forecast of 10 years. The results show that climate change mitigation through clean energy is far from the reality, the level of future access cannot be used to define progress in mitigating climate change. A large percentage of people will remain unconnected while few will be disconnected due to various reasons such as unaffordability and reliability of electricity supply. Along the energy ladder, consumers are likely to remain at the base where unclean energy sources dominate. People are likely to continue with the course of depending more on unclean energy sources thus, making climate change mitigation through access to electricity a less reality, a myth in such short. An equation of the available potential resources for producing more and more reliable modern energy should be balanced by the utility supplier. Expanding the production and distribution levels should also be on a stage. The energy utility should change the monopoly system in the energy sector and embrace innovation and collaboration at large.
{"title":"Rethinking Access to Clean Energy for Climate Change Mitigation in Tanzania","authors":"B. G. Muhihi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i1326","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of climate change is visibly spread with no boundaries all over the world. With multiple effects of climate change, its mitigation mechanisms vary. However, striving for universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable clean energy is arguably one of the significant sought mitigation strategies, especially in the context of Africa. This raises concern about whether the road to clean energy in the work of mitigating the devastating climate change is eloquent or a myth. Using ARIMA, the paper forecasted access to electricity to calibrate the reduction of over-dependence on climate change-inducing energy sources such as firewood and charcoal. The paper used time series data from 1992 to 2022, with a forecast of 10 years. The results show that climate change mitigation through clean energy is far from the reality, the level of future access cannot be used to define progress in mitigating climate change. A large percentage of people will remain unconnected while few will be disconnected due to various reasons such as unaffordability and reliability of electricity supply. Along the energy ladder, consumers are likely to remain at the base where unclean energy sources dominate. People are likely to continue with the course of depending more on unclean energy sources thus, making climate change mitigation through access to electricity a less reality, a myth in such short. An equation of the available potential resources for producing more and more reliable modern energy should be balanced by the utility supplier. Expanding the production and distribution levels should also be on a stage. The energy utility should change the monopoly system in the energy sector and embrace innovation and collaboration at large.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3315
Basheer Khan, Shanomae Eastman, Abdu Yearwood, Safrawz Sharief, Shion Norton, Colin Quintyn, Stephen Liu, Shawn Jagnandan, Antalov Jagnandan
The arc welding operation results in harmful fumes being emitted where welders are exposed to dangerous metallic gases and fumes for 6 to 8 hours daily at INFAB welding company in Guyana. This paper presents a design of a fume extraction system, the design incorporates workspace dimensions, volume calculations, duct materials required, framework materials, airflow requirements, and fan selection, guided by a target of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). In addition, the calculated required airflow rate of 58,500 ft³/h ensures the selection of appropriate fans. The design aims to create a safe and healthy welding area for the employees by removing harmful fumes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyse velocity and pressure distribution, offering valuable insights into airflow patterns and pressure variations.
{"title":"Design and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Fume Extraction System for a Welding Company in Guyana","authors":"Basheer Khan, Shanomae Eastman, Abdu Yearwood, Safrawz Sharief, Shion Norton, Colin Quintyn, Stephen Liu, Shawn Jagnandan, Antalov Jagnandan","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3315","url":null,"abstract":"The arc welding operation results in harmful fumes being emitted where welders are exposed to dangerous metallic gases and fumes for 6 to 8 hours daily at INFAB welding company in Guyana. This paper presents a design of a fume extraction system, the design incorporates workspace dimensions, volume calculations, duct materials required, framework materials, airflow requirements, and fan selection, guided by a target of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). In addition, the calculated required airflow rate of 58,500 ft³/h ensures the selection of appropriate fans. The design aims to create a safe and healthy welding area for the employees by removing harmful fumes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyse velocity and pressure distribution, offering valuable insights into airflow patterns and pressure variations.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":" 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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