Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3314
Jean Fidele Nzihou, Pierre Girod, Salou Hamidou, Yann Rogaume, Bila Gerard Segda, Frederic Ouattara
This paper is about the feasibility of combustibles gases like methane, ethane and carbon monoxide production from wood pyrolysis. This first laboratory experimental stage objective was to see what products can be obtained from wood pyrolysis in absence of oxygen and presence of nitrogen. The effect of temperature on the product yields was investigated. Products were characterized using gas-chromatography. We found that products of wood pyrolysis for temperatures of 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100°C were char, CO2 and combustibles gases like CH4, C2H2, CO and tar. NH3 was not found in the produced gases.
In our study, condensable gases were not recovered and quantified. A gas condenser would have been necessary inserted for this purpose at the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor before routing the gases to the mass spetrograph. This study show that char production decrease from 17.08% at 700°C on the weight basis to 12.95% at 1100°C. Gases and tar production decrease, going from 82.92% at 700 °C on the weight basis to 87.05% at 1100°C. Carbone dioxide production also increase with temperature. It is the biggest part of produced gases of the wood pyrolysis gases representing an average weight proportion of 6.99% of the initial wood. Carbone monoxide yield is almost constant, around 1.6% at 800, 900 and 1000°C thought its yield at 700°C was found slightly higher accounting for 2.29% weight of the initial wood. Ethylene (C2H4) is only produced in small amount compared to others combustibles gases like methane and carbon monoxide. Its proportion which was observed almost constant, around 0.14% on the weight basis in respect to the initial wood chips weight from 700 to 900°C dropped to 0.02% at 1000°C. Methane (CH4) is produced in weight basis proportions of 2.55% which remain almost constant from 700 to 1000°C.
{"title":"Feasibility of Efficient Pyrolysis of Wood Chips and its Product Yield in Developing Countries","authors":"Jean Fidele Nzihou, Pierre Girod, Salou Hamidou, Yann Rogaume, Bila Gerard Segda, Frederic Ouattara","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3314","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the feasibility of combustibles gases like methane, ethane and carbon monoxide production from wood pyrolysis. This first laboratory experimental stage objective was to see what products can be obtained from wood pyrolysis in absence of oxygen and presence of nitrogen. The effect of temperature on the product yields was investigated. Products were characterized using gas-chromatography. We found that products of wood pyrolysis for temperatures of 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100°C were char, CO2 and combustibles gases like CH4, C2H2, CO and tar. NH3 was not found in the produced gases.
 In our study, condensable gases were not recovered and quantified. A gas condenser would have been necessary inserted for this purpose at the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor before routing the gases to the mass spetrograph. This study show that char production decrease from 17.08% at 700°C on the weight basis to 12.95% at 1100°C. Gases and tar production decrease, going from 82.92% at 700 °C on the weight basis to 87.05% at 1100°C. Carbone dioxide production also increase with temperature. It is the biggest part of produced gases of the wood pyrolysis gases representing an average weight proportion of 6.99% of the initial wood. Carbone monoxide yield is almost constant, around 1.6% at 800, 900 and 1000°C thought its yield at 700°C was found slightly higher accounting for 2.29% weight of the initial wood. Ethylene (C2H4) is only produced in small amount compared to others combustibles gases like methane and carbon monoxide. Its proportion which was observed almost constant, around 0.14% on the weight basis in respect to the initial wood chips weight from 700 to 900°C dropped to 0.02% at 1000°C. Methane (CH4) is produced in weight basis proportions of 2.55% which remain almost constant from 700 to 1000°C.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"73 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3313
None Agboneni, O., None Adekunle, S. O., None Ejilah, I. R.
Aims: This study aims to analyze the impact of diesel-n-butanol fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a 4-stroke diesel engine, with an emphasis on assessing the efficiency and emissions improvements of the D95 blend through experimentation and simulation procedures.
Study Design: Performance evaluation was conducted in compliance with SAE J1349 test standards, using a Tec-Quipment TD110-115 4-stroke engine running at 1500 rpm. The GT-Power simulation toolkit was also employed to analyze different loads, using the D95 diesel-n-butanol blend and conventional diesel fuel.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a span of 2 months at the Automotive Engineering Technology Workshop, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study followed the SAE J1349 test protocol, utilizing a D95 diesel-n-butanol blend and conventional diesel fuel. Engine setup, performance, and emissions were assessed through experimental procedures and GT-Power simulations. Despite its lower calorific value, the D95 blend exhibited performance comparable to that of diesel fuel.
Results: The combined findings from both experimental and simulation analyses provided insights into the effects of n-butanol-diesel blends on engine attributes, combustion, and emissions. However, simulated torque and brake power consistently exceeded experimental values as the engine load increased. While the D95 blend exhibited brake power comparable to that of diesel fuel, it also improved performance efficiency, fuel economy, and reduced emissions. Therefore, it is expected to promote sustainability and environmentally friendly fuel choices in the transportation sector.
Conclusion: The synergy of experimental and simulation results offers valuable insights into the effects of the diesel-n-butanol blend on engine performance, emissions, and fuel efficiency, while also improving the power output potential and providing sustainable fuel options.
{"title":"Performance-Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Operating on D95 Diesel-n-Butanol Mixtures: An Experimental and Simulation Approach","authors":"None Agboneni, O., None Adekunle, S. O., None Ejilah, I. R.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3313","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to analyze the impact of diesel-n-butanol fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a 4-stroke diesel engine, with an emphasis on assessing the efficiency and emissions improvements of the D95 blend through experimentation and simulation procedures.
 Study Design: Performance evaluation was conducted in compliance with SAE J1349 test standards, using a Tec-Quipment TD110-115 4-stroke engine running at 1500 rpm. The GT-Power simulation toolkit was also employed to analyze different loads, using the D95 diesel-n-butanol blend and conventional diesel fuel.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a span of 2 months at the Automotive Engineering Technology Workshop, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study followed the SAE J1349 test protocol, utilizing a D95 diesel-n-butanol blend and conventional diesel fuel. Engine setup, performance, and emissions were assessed through experimental procedures and GT-Power simulations. Despite its lower calorific value, the D95 blend exhibited performance comparable to that of diesel fuel.
 Results: The combined findings from both experimental and simulation analyses provided insights into the effects of n-butanol-diesel blends on engine attributes, combustion, and emissions. However, simulated torque and brake power consistently exceeded experimental values as the engine load increased. While the D95 blend exhibited brake power comparable to that of diesel fuel, it also improved performance efficiency, fuel economy, and reduced emissions. Therefore, it is expected to promote sustainability and environmentally friendly fuel choices in the transportation sector.
 Conclusion: The synergy of experimental and simulation results offers valuable insights into the effects of the diesel-n-butanol blend on engine performance, emissions, and fuel efficiency, while also improving the power output potential and providing sustainable fuel options.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"16 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3312
Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, Compaore Hamidou
Charcoal gasification was widely used during the second World War to deal with petroleum scarcity. When petroleum was again available after the war, gasification was neglected afterwards. However, fossils resources are know as non-renewable and there are several reseach carried out all over the world to develop renewable sources of energy. Under that scope gasifiers are of great interest in the developing countries for developing individual or decentralised sources of energy. Even in developed countries, several research and implementation of gasification units are in progress.
In a previous work, we designed and fabricated a downdraft biomass gasifier with a relatively big cyclone and filtration units. Produced syngas was full of moisture and carbon dioxyde (CO2) when the gasifier was feed with wood, but moisture content was lesser with charcoal. Therefore further work should be carried out in order to use low density wood itself from agricultural, furniture makers or sawmill wastes.
We compared different cyclone separator design methods, adopted the Lapple’s cutt of model and found that to obtain good removal efficiency of unwanted particles, it is better to work with small cyclones. The new cyclone that we built allowed us on the one hand to reduce the humidity of the synthesis gas obtained, and on the other hand to reduce the quantity of tars in the liquid collected at the bottom of the cyclone. These improvements have led to the production of cleaner and better fuel syngas.
{"title":"Effects of a Cyclone Dimensions on Quality of Syngas Produced with a Wood-fired Biomass Gasifier","authors":"Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, Compaore Hamidou","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3312","url":null,"abstract":"Charcoal gasification was widely used during the second World War to deal with petroleum scarcity. When petroleum was again available after the war, gasification was neglected afterwards. However, fossils resources are know as non-renewable and there are several reseach carried out all over the world to develop renewable sources of energy. Under that scope gasifiers are of great interest in the developing countries for developing individual or decentralised sources of energy. Even in developed countries, several research and implementation of gasification units are in progress.
 In a previous work, we designed and fabricated a downdraft biomass gasifier with a relatively big cyclone and filtration units. Produced syngas was full of moisture and carbon dioxyde (CO2) when the gasifier was feed with wood, but moisture content was lesser with charcoal. Therefore further work should be carried out in order to use low density wood itself from agricultural, furniture makers or sawmill wastes.
 We compared different cyclone separator design methods, adopted the Lapple’s cutt of model and found that to obtain good removal efficiency of unwanted particles, it is better to work with small cyclones. The new cyclone that we built allowed us on the one hand to reduce the humidity of the synthesis gas obtained, and on the other hand to reduce the quantity of tars in the liquid collected at the bottom of the cyclone. These improvements have led to the production of cleaner and better fuel syngas.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"2 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2310
Frank A. Abuh, Julius U. Akpabio, Anietie N. Okon
Oil production from matured fields in the Niger Delta is characterised by basic sediment and water (BS&W) and sand or sand-cut (Scut) production. The predominant factor for this production is the unconsolidated nature of the formations in the Niger Delta. The available correlations for estimating BS&W and Scut are based more on the intrinsic reservoir properties than controllable wellhead variables during oil production. This study developed neural-based models to predict BS&W and Scut based on multiple-inputs single-output (MISO) and multiple-inputs multiple-outputs (MIMO) networks using 457 datasets from 43 oilfields in the Niger Delta. The performances of the neural-based models with new fields test datasets were determined using some statistical yardsticks: coefficient of determination (R2), correlation coefficient (R), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), average relative error (ARE), and average absolute relative error (AARE). The results indicate that the MISO neural-based models had overall R and MSE values of 0.9999 and 2.0698(times)10-5, respectively, for BS&W and 0.9995 and 2.1529(times)10-6 for Scut. In contrast, the MIMO neural-based model had overall R and MSE values of 0.9997 and 7.5865(times)10-5. The generalisation performance of the MISO neural-based models with new field test datasets resulted in R2, R, MSE, RMSE, ARE and AAPRE of 0.97406, 0.98695, 2.08143, 1.44272, -0.00638 and 0.28755, respectively, for the BS&W model and R2 of 0.89558, R of 0.93544, MSE of 0.01736, RMSE of 0.13177, ARE of 0.01338 and AARE of 0.01759 for the Scut model. Furthermore, the MIMO-based model with new field test datasets resulted in R2, R, MSE, RMSE, ARE and AAPRE of 0.97317, 0.98650, 2.15293, 1.46729, -0.00713 and 0.25064, respectively, for BS&W, while the Scut model had R2 of 0.87505, R of 0.93544, MSE of 0.02118, RMSE of 0.14554, ARE of -0.02280 and AARE of 0.02996. Also, the relative importance of the input parameters of the MISO and MIMO neural-based models in predicting BS&W and Scut is (q_0) >Pr>Pwh>S> (gamma)API . Based on the statistical indicators obtained, the predictions of the developed neural models were close to the actual fields’ datasets. Thus, the neural-based models should apply as tools for estimating BS&W and Scut in mature fields in the Niger Delta.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Models for Basic Sediment & Water and Sand-Cut Prediction in Matured Niger Delta Fields","authors":"Frank A. Abuh, Julius U. Akpabio, Anietie N. Okon","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2310","url":null,"abstract":"Oil production from matured fields in the Niger Delta is characterised by basic sediment and water (BS&W) and sand or sand-cut (Scut) production. The predominant factor for this production is the unconsolidated nature of the formations in the Niger Delta. The available correlations for estimating BS&W and Scut are based more on the intrinsic reservoir properties than controllable wellhead variables during oil production. This study developed neural-based models to predict BS&W and Scut based on multiple-inputs single-output (MISO) and multiple-inputs multiple-outputs (MIMO) networks using 457 datasets from 43 oilfields in the Niger Delta. The performances of the neural-based models with new fields test datasets were determined using some statistical yardsticks: coefficient of determination (R2), correlation coefficient (R), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), average relative error (ARE), and average absolute relative error (AARE). The results indicate that the MISO neural-based models had overall R and MSE values of 0.9999 and 2.0698(times)10-5, respectively, for BS&W and 0.9995 and 2.1529(times)10-6 for Scut. In contrast, the MIMO neural-based model had overall R and MSE values of 0.9997 and 7.5865(times)10-5. The generalisation performance of the MISO neural-based models with new field test datasets resulted in R2, R, MSE, RMSE, ARE and AAPRE of 0.97406, 0.98695, 2.08143, 1.44272, -0.00638 and 0.28755, respectively, for the BS&W model and R2 of 0.89558, R of 0.93544, MSE of 0.01736, RMSE of 0.13177, ARE of 0.01338 and AARE of 0.01759 for the Scut model. Furthermore, the MIMO-based model with new field test datasets resulted in R2, R, MSE, RMSE, ARE and AAPRE of 0.97317, 0.98650, 2.15293, 1.46729, -0.00713 and 0.25064, respectively, for BS&W, while the Scut model had R2 of 0.87505, R of 0.93544, MSE of 0.02118, RMSE of 0.14554, ARE of -0.02280 and AARE of 0.02996. Also, the relative importance of the input parameters of the MISO and MIMO neural-based models in predicting BS&W and Scut is (q_0) >Pr>Pwh>S> (gamma)API . Based on the statistical indicators obtained, the predictions of the developed neural models were close to the actual fields’ datasets. Thus, the neural-based models should apply as tools for estimating BS&W and Scut in mature fields in the Niger Delta.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2311
None Agboneni, O., None Adekunle, S. O., None Ejilah, I. R.
Aims: This study investigates the impact of blending n-butanol with diesel fuel on the performance of a single-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under varying engine loads.
Study design: The performance assessment followed SAE J1349 on a Tec-Quipment TD110-115 4-stroke engine at 1500 rpm with varying loads and fuel samples.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 2 months the at Automotive Engineering Technology Workshop, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi Nigeria.
Methodology: The SAE J1349 test protocol was followed, using diesel fuel (D95) and different blended fuel samples (D90, D85, D80, D75, and D70). While diesel fuel generated higher brake power due to its higher calorific value, the D95 blend demonstrated comparable performance to diesel fuel across all parameters.
Results: The brake power of the D95 blend initially decreased by 69.7% and then increased as the load increased to 2500g and 3000g, indicating improved combustion due to oxygenation. The D95 blend exhibited lower fuel consumption compared to diesel fuel, although blends with higher n-butanol percentages showed increased brake-specific fuel consumption due to lower calorific values, densities, and viscosities. Under maximum load, the D95 blend exhibited higher exhaust gas temperature and heat loss, reflecting the increased fuel quantity required for additional power. Lower heat losses at lower loads were attributed to factors such as lower calorific values, n-butanol's heat of vaporization, temperature differentials between the exhaust and ambient conditions, and engine size.
Conclusion: The engine load has diverse effects on parameters across different fuel samples. D95 exhibits similar performance to diesel, yet discrepancies arise, especially with higher n-butanol content at lower loads.
{"title":"Influence of N-Butanol-Diesel Fuel Blends on the Performance Characteristics of a Four Stroke, Compression Ignition Engine","authors":"None Agboneni, O., None Adekunle, S. O., None Ejilah, I. R.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2311","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study investigates the impact of blending n-butanol with diesel fuel on the performance of a single-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under varying engine loads.
 Study design: The performance assessment followed SAE J1349 on a Tec-Quipment TD110-115 4-stroke engine at 1500 rpm with varying loads and fuel samples.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 2 months the at Automotive Engineering Technology Workshop, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi Nigeria.
 Methodology: The SAE J1349 test protocol was followed, using diesel fuel (D95) and different blended fuel samples (D90, D85, D80, D75, and D70). While diesel fuel generated higher brake power due to its higher calorific value, the D95 blend demonstrated comparable performance to diesel fuel across all parameters.
 Results: The brake power of the D95 blend initially decreased by 69.7% and then increased as the load increased to 2500g and 3000g, indicating improved combustion due to oxygenation. The D95 blend exhibited lower fuel consumption compared to diesel fuel, although blends with higher n-butanol percentages showed increased brake-specific fuel consumption due to lower calorific values, densities, and viscosities. Under maximum load, the D95 blend exhibited higher exhaust gas temperature and heat loss, reflecting the increased fuel quantity required for additional power. Lower heat losses at lower loads were attributed to factors such as lower calorific values, n-butanol's heat of vaporization, temperature differentials between the exhaust and ambient conditions, and engine size.
 Conclusion: The engine load has diverse effects on parameters across different fuel samples. D95 exhibits similar performance to diesel, yet discrepancies arise, especially with higher n-butanol content at lower loads.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2307
Yusuf Umer, Eliyas Abdi, Mohammed Abdumalik, Petros Chavula
Developing countries attempt different programs and projects to promote and disseminate improved cookstoves with health, economic, and environmental benefits. However, it is also important to understand the factors affecting people's decisions to adopt fuel-efficient cookstoves. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves among rural households in Dire Dawa Administration Ethiopia. The study used a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve objectives. Data was collected from 152 sample households randomly selected from the study area (55=adopters and 97=non-adopters) from four rural kebeles (villages). The collected data through household surveys was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one sample t-test, and binary logistic regression using Stata 16SE software. One sample t‐test result revealed that residents do have a positive attitude toward the benefits of fuel-efficient stoves with statistical significance at P< 0.001 probability. Logistic regression results revealed that access to extension services, awareness of fuel-efficient stoves, kitchen service, and education level of household head were found to be significant in determining the probability of fuel-efficient stove adoption at P< 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that the main barriers to the adoption of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove were a lack of awareness about the benefits of the stove and the size of the household kitchen. However, the study also found a low adoption rate of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove in the study area. This is due to a variety of factors, such as culture, socioeconomic, institutional, financial, and resource endowments. Thus, policymakers should prioritize the variables indicated above to encourage the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves in the study area as well as in other parts of Ethiopia.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Adoption of Harari Fuel-Efficient Stoves among Rural Households in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia","authors":"Yusuf Umer, Eliyas Abdi, Mohammed Abdumalik, Petros Chavula","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2307","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries attempt different programs and projects to promote and disseminate improved cookstoves with health, economic, and environmental benefits. However, it is also important to understand the factors affecting people's decisions to adopt fuel-efficient cookstoves. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves among rural households in Dire Dawa Administration Ethiopia. The study used a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve objectives. Data was collected from 152 sample households randomly selected from the study area (55=adopters and 97=non-adopters) from four rural kebeles (villages). The collected data through household surveys was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one sample t-test, and binary logistic regression using Stata 16SE software. One sample t‐test result revealed that residents do have a positive attitude toward the benefits of fuel-efficient stoves with statistical significance at P< 0.001 probability. Logistic regression results revealed that access to extension services, awareness of fuel-efficient stoves, kitchen service, and education level of household head were found to be significant in determining the probability of fuel-efficient stove adoption at P< 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that the main barriers to the adoption of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove were a lack of awareness about the benefits of the stove and the size of the household kitchen. However, the study also found a low adoption rate of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove in the study area. This is due to a variety of factors, such as culture, socioeconomic, institutional, financial, and resource endowments. Thus, policymakers should prioritize the variables indicated above to encourage the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves in the study area as well as in other parts of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reservoir geomechanics is a crucial aspect of optimising and developing oil and gas activities, especially in maximising production. Recent technological advancements have revolutionised reservoir geomechanics studies, including integrating data-driven approaches. This review examines and integrates machine learning, data science, and data twin in reservoir studies. The primary aim is to identify the benefits, limitations, significant advancements, potential challenges, opportunities, and research gaps of data-driven approaches to reservoir geomechanics. Additionally, this study aims to create opportunities for further research to address these challenges. The review identifies cost-effectiveness, improved reservoir characterisation, and reduced operational risks as the benefits of integrating data-driven approaches in reservoir geomechanics. However, the review also highlights the significant challenges of data-driven approaches, such as insufficient datasets, limited interpretability, and limited transferability of models. By shedding light on these issues, this review provides a foundation for future research toward finding solutions to these challenges.
{"title":"Reservoir Geomechanics: A Data-driven Approach","authors":"Izuchukwu Josephmartin Korie, Chudi-Ajabor Ogochukwu, Onwuagba Kenechi Innocent","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2306","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir geomechanics is a crucial aspect of optimising and developing oil and gas activities, especially in maximising production. Recent technological advancements have revolutionised reservoir geomechanics studies, including integrating data-driven approaches. This review examines and integrates machine learning, data science, and data twin in reservoir studies. The primary aim is to identify the benefits, limitations, significant advancements, potential challenges, opportunities, and research gaps of data-driven approaches to reservoir geomechanics. Additionally, this study aims to create opportunities for further research to address these challenges. The review identifies cost-effectiveness, improved reservoir characterisation, and reduced operational risks as the benefits of integrating data-driven approaches in reservoir geomechanics. However, the review also highlights the significant challenges of data-driven approaches, such as insufficient datasets, limited interpretability, and limited transferability of models. By shedding light on these issues, this review provides a foundation for future research toward finding solutions to these challenges.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135016094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2305
Steven Okoth, Otieno Fredrick, Isaac Motochi
Aim: To investigate wind characteristics and estimate wind power density of Narok weather station in Narok county using Weibull distribution.
Research Design: Historical hourly wind direction and speed data recorded by the Kenya Meteorological Department in Narok weather station was analyzed.
Place and duration: The study utilized data samples collected at Narok weather station over a period spanning from 2011 to 2021.
Methods: To assess the temporal characteristics, a statistical average technique was employed. The spatial aspect, specifically wind speed variation with height, was evaluated through wind speed extrapolation using the power law. The dominant wind direction was determined by plotting a polar chart based on a frequency distribution table prepared using both wind direction and wind speed data. The turbulence intensity of the wind was calculated using the turbulence intensity equation. The Weibull parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. The Weibull probability distribution was used to analyze wind speed distribution and power density. The extrapolated Weibull parameters were utilized to calculate wind power density at various heights. The accuracy of the wind regime distribution in Narok was assessed by employing the R2 technique.
Results: The wind regime in Narok exhibited an average annual wind speed of 4.3 m/s and a mean wind power density of 126 W/m2. Analysis of diurnal wind speed variation revealed peak wind speeds around noon, with wind speeds exceeding the cut-in wind threshold (3 m/s) between 0430hrs and 2100hrs. March and October were identified as the windiest months, exhibiting the highest wind power densities, while June and December demonstrated the lowest values. Wind speed and, consequently, wind power density increased exponentially with height. The prevailing wind directions in Narok were primarily from the East, followed by the North and North West. The wind regime in Narok exhibited turbulence, as indicated by average turbulence intensities exceeding 0.25. The wind regime in Narok was accurately described by the Weibull distribution, with an approximation accuracy of 0.94 based on the R2 error.
Conclusion: The wind regime in Narok is generally suitable for extracting wind power at heights above 15 m, regardless of the scale of the wind power extraction.
{"title":"Investigation of Wind Characteristics and Estimation of Wind Power Potential of Narok County Using Weibull Distribution","authors":"Steven Okoth, Otieno Fredrick, Isaac Motochi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2305","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate wind characteristics and estimate wind power density of Narok weather station in Narok county using Weibull distribution.
 Research Design: Historical hourly wind direction and speed data recorded by the Kenya Meteorological Department in Narok weather station was analyzed.
 Place and duration: The study utilized data samples collected at Narok weather station over a period spanning from 2011 to 2021.
 Methods: To assess the temporal characteristics, a statistical average technique was employed. The spatial aspect, specifically wind speed variation with height, was evaluated through wind speed extrapolation using the power law. The dominant wind direction was determined by plotting a polar chart based on a frequency distribution table prepared using both wind direction and wind speed data. The turbulence intensity of the wind was calculated using the turbulence intensity equation. The Weibull parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. The Weibull probability distribution was used to analyze wind speed distribution and power density. The extrapolated Weibull parameters were utilized to calculate wind power density at various heights. The accuracy of the wind regime distribution in Narok was assessed by employing the R2 technique.
 Results: The wind regime in Narok exhibited an average annual wind speed of 4.3 m/s and a mean wind power density of 126 W/m2. Analysis of diurnal wind speed variation revealed peak wind speeds around noon, with wind speeds exceeding the cut-in wind threshold (3 m/s) between 0430hrs and 2100hrs. March and October were identified as the windiest months, exhibiting the highest wind power densities, while June and December demonstrated the lowest values. Wind speed and, consequently, wind power density increased exponentially with height. The prevailing wind directions in Narok were primarily from the East, followed by the North and North West. The wind regime in Narok exhibited turbulence, as indicated by average turbulence intensities exceeding 0.25. The wind regime in Narok was accurately described by the Weibull distribution, with an approximation accuracy of 0.94 based on the R2 error.
 Conclusion: The wind regime in Narok is generally suitable for extracting wind power at heights above 15 m, regardless of the scale of the wind power extraction.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2304
None Obi, O. E., None Mong, O. O., None Nleonu, E. C., None Kalu, P. N., None Onyeocha, C. E., None Ndubuisi, C. O., None Onwukwe, I. E.
The combustion characteristics of two carbonized biomass briquettes fuels samples (sample A and B) from two bio-wastes have been presented. Sample A is comprised of Agro-waste (residues) mainly rice husk, groundnut shell, corn cob, bagasse, rice straw, coconut coir, branches, wheat straw, maize husk, grass from the field, cassava stem while Sample B comprised of decaying domestic wastes material from wastes disposal/collection points mainly garbage, vegetables/fruits, protein, groundnut shell, maize cob, waste papers, all sorts of discarded foods etc. Analysis of briquettes fuels samples in terms of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific values were necessary to determine suitability of such material as reliable and sustainable energy sources. These parameters analyzed are unique fundamental code that characterizes and determines the properties, quality, potential applications and environmental problems related to any fuel. The result of the analysis placed sample B above sample A in terms of heating value. The proximate analysis indicated that the sample B had a better ignition characteristic at 77% volatile matter against 44% of sample A. Also, sample B have better heating value with fixed carbon 32% against 21% of sample A. This was also confirmed by ultimate analysis where sample B recorded a higher value of percentage Carbon and percentage Oxygen at 47.04% and 41.6% respectively. The bulk densities were in the range of 499kg/m2 to 502kg/m2 which is very good in terms of handling and transportation of the fuels. Moreso, calorific value of both samples were appreciably high at 18704 KJ/Kg for sample A and 18901.3 Kj/Kg by sample B. The ratio FC:VM for sample A is 0.477 which is higher than that of sample B, indicating that sample A will have a better yield and formation of biochar. Therefore the carbonised biomass briquettes are of good quality and exhibited good combustion properties as an alternative energy feedstock for domestic and industrial applications. It is a better source of energy for cooking, replacing fuel wood (firewood) and it is eco friendly.
{"title":"Determination of Combustion Characteristics of Densified Biomass Fuels from Agricultural and Domestic Wastes","authors":"None Obi, O. E., None Mong, O. O., None Nleonu, E. C., None Kalu, P. N., None Onyeocha, C. E., None Ndubuisi, C. O., None Onwukwe, I. E.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2304","url":null,"abstract":"The combustion characteristics of two carbonized biomass briquettes fuels samples (sample A and B) from two bio-wastes have been presented. Sample A is comprised of Agro-waste (residues) mainly rice husk, groundnut shell, corn cob, bagasse, rice straw, coconut coir, branches, wheat straw, maize husk, grass from the field, cassava stem while Sample B comprised of decaying domestic wastes material from wastes disposal/collection points mainly garbage, vegetables/fruits, protein, groundnut shell, maize cob, waste papers, all sorts of discarded foods etc. Analysis of briquettes fuels samples in terms of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific values were necessary to determine suitability of such material as reliable and sustainable energy sources. These parameters analyzed are unique fundamental code that characterizes and determines the properties, quality, potential applications and environmental problems related to any fuel. The result of the analysis placed sample B above sample A in terms of heating value. The proximate analysis indicated that the sample B had a better ignition characteristic at 77% volatile matter against 44% of sample A. Also, sample B have better heating value with fixed carbon 32% against 21% of sample A. This was also confirmed by ultimate analysis where sample B recorded a higher value of percentage Carbon and percentage Oxygen at 47.04% and 41.6% respectively. The bulk densities were in the range of 499kg/m2 to 502kg/m2 which is very good in terms of handling and transportation of the fuels. Moreso, calorific value of both samples were appreciably high at 18704 KJ/Kg for sample A and 18901.3 Kj/Kg by sample B. The ratio FC:VM for sample A is 0.477 which is higher than that of sample B, indicating that sample A will have a better yield and formation of biochar. Therefore the carbonised biomass briquettes are of good quality and exhibited good combustion properties as an alternative energy feedstock for domestic and industrial applications. It is a better source of energy for cooking, replacing fuel wood (firewood) and it is eco friendly.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2303
M. K. Abdulsalam, D. O. Akpootu, S. Aliyu, A. K. Isah
The major factor faced by Agricultural activities is water scarcity. Water is very essential in Agricultural activities (plantation), crop acquires water naturally by precipitation and subsurface moisture, when the supply of water is inadequate for crop use, mostly results to irrigation. This present study estimates and compares six various universally accepted models for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for Kano situated in the Sahelian climatic zone of Nigeria using measured meteorological parameters of monthly average daily global solar radiation, sunshine hour, wind speed, minimum and maximum temperatures and relative humidity covering a period of thirty one years (1988 – 2018). Four different statistical validation indices of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and coefficient of correlation (R) were carried out to test the accuracy of the evaluated models. The result indicated that high value of ETo was found in the month of April with 10.0256 mm/day for Kano and a low value was found to be in August with 5.0804 mm/day for Kano. The Blaney – Morin Nigeria model was found more accurate for Kano with RMSE, MBE, MAE and R values as 1.5078 mm/day, -1.4634 mm/day, 1.4634 mm/day and 0.9790 respectively.
{"title":"A Comparative Study for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Models over Kano, Nigeria","authors":"M. K. Abdulsalam, D. O. Akpootu, S. Aliyu, A. K. Isah","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i2303","url":null,"abstract":"The major factor faced by Agricultural activities is water scarcity. Water is very essential in Agricultural activities (plantation), crop acquires water naturally by precipitation and subsurface moisture, when the supply of water is inadequate for crop use, mostly results to irrigation. This present study estimates and compares six various universally accepted models for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for Kano situated in the Sahelian climatic zone of Nigeria using measured meteorological parameters of monthly average daily global solar radiation, sunshine hour, wind speed, minimum and maximum temperatures and relative humidity covering a period of thirty one years (1988 – 2018). Four different statistical validation indices of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and coefficient of correlation (R) were carried out to test the accuracy of the evaluated models. The result indicated that high value of ETo was found in the month of April with 10.0256 mm/day for Kano and a low value was found to be in August with 5.0804 mm/day for Kano. The Blaney – Morin Nigeria model was found more accurate for Kano with RMSE, MBE, MAE and R values as 1.5078 mm/day, -1.4634 mm/day, 1.4634 mm/day and 0.9790 respectively.","PeriodicalId":499811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135982871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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