Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i2.71269
S. Tayyeb, B. Zabeen, F. Naz, K. Azad
Background: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents has increased in frequency around the world over the past two decades. The worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity has been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Objective: To observe the determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents attending a tertiary specialized hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on a total of 151 children and adolescents attending the pediatric diabetic outpatient department (OPD) of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The sampling technique was purposive. All patients who came to the hospital between July to December 2017 were included. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Results: Among 151 respondents, 98 were in the age group of 10-14 years (64.9%), female to male ratio of 1.22:1. The majority belonged to a high used to lead socio-economic class. Regarding food habits, 55.6% had a history of eating fast food regularly and used to lead a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise. 43.7% of children and adolescents were obese 76.8% had high cholesterol and 84.1% had high triglyceride levels. Most of the children had a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (74.8%). Conclusion: Our study reflects that determinants like obesity, physical inactivity, eating habits, and family history are important factors in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(2): 51-56
{"title":"Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Children and Adolescents Attending A Tertiary Specialized Hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Tayyeb, B. Zabeen, F. Naz, K. Azad","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i2.71269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i2.71269","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents has increased in frequency around the world over the past two decades. The worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity has been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.\u0000Objective: To observe the determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents attending a tertiary specialized hospital in Bangladesh.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on a total of 151 children and adolescents attending the pediatric diabetic outpatient department (OPD) of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The sampling technique was purposive. All patients who came to the hospital between July to December 2017 were included. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire.\u0000Results: Among 151 respondents, 98 were in the age group of 10-14 years (64.9%), female to male ratio of 1.22:1. The majority belonged to a high used to lead socio-economic class. Regarding food habits, 55.6% had a history of eating fast food regularly and used to lead a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise. 43.7% of children and adolescents were obese 76.8% had high cholesterol and 84.1% had high triglyceride levels. Most of the children had a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (74.8%).\u0000Conclusion: Our study reflects that determinants like obesity, physical inactivity, eating habits, and family history are important factors in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. \u0000Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(2): 51-56","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"121 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i2.71412
Mohammed Shadrul Alam
Although surgeons work in more stressful medical fields, surgeons are generally considered to offer some of the best lifestyles among physicians. Burnout among surgeons is increasing at an alarming rate. The goals of this review are to increase awareness of the symptoms, causes, and consequences of surgeons’ burnout and how to avoid burnout? Surgeons’ burnout is largely attributed to work-related factors and personal -related factors. Burnout has many potential adverse consequences including professional consequences and personal consequences. The recovery from surgeon’s burnout can take months or longer, therefore it’s important to try to avoid it in the first place through preventative strategies. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(2): 99-106
虽然外科医生在压力更大的医疗领域工作，但人们普遍认为外科医生是内科医生中生活方式最好的。外科医生的职业倦怠正以惊人的速度增加。本综述旨在提高人们对外科医生职业倦怠的症状、原因和后果以及如何避免职业倦怠的认识。外科医生的职业倦怠主要归因于工作相关因素和个人相关因素。职业倦怠有许多潜在的不良后果，包括职业后果和个人后果。外科医生职业倦怠的恢复可能需要数月甚至更长的时间，因此首先要通过预防策略来尽量避免职业倦怠。Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(2)：99-106
{"title":"Understanding Burnout in Surgeons: How to Avoid Burnout?","authors":"Mohammed Shadrul Alam","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i2.71412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i2.71412","url":null,"abstract":"Although surgeons work in more stressful medical fields, surgeons are generally considered to offer some of the best lifestyles among physicians. Burnout among surgeons is increasing at an alarming rate. The goals of this review are to increase awareness of the symptoms, causes, and consequences of surgeons’ burnout and how to avoid burnout? Surgeons’ burnout is largely attributed to work-related factors and personal -related factors. Burnout has many potential adverse consequences including professional consequences and personal consequences. The recovery from surgeon’s burnout can take months or longer, therefore it’s important to try to avoid it in the first place through preventative strategies. \u0000Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(2): 99-106","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"34 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68985
Razia Begum, Laila Nazneen Khan, Riffat Rahim, Kamrunnahar Sweety, Farhana Khan, Tahera Sultana, Arshad Jahan, Mohammad Jahangir Alam
Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a significant cause of physical & psychological disability with social stigmatization especially in low- and middle-income countries. Over 80% of such cases result from neglected prolonged and obstructed labour. Objective: The purpose of the study was to observe the outcome of transvaginal local repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2007 to June 2008, on 50 patients of vesicovaginal fistula. We included women who were suffering from VVF and who were operated before and diagnosed as a failed repair of VVF. We excluded those patients who had VVF with associated problem like rectovaginal fistula (RVF), any repair through transabdominal route and unwilling to take part in this study. Before surgery, each woman was assessed by medical and surgical history, examination and necessary investigations. Typically, regional anesthesia was utilized for the fistula surgery. However, general anesthesia was given when required. During surgery, transvaginal approach was taken for repair. The vagina was packed for haemostasis. Vaginal pack was removed after 1-2 days depending on instruction of the surgeon. Repacking of vagina was also done sometimes when there was some leaking during post-operative period. Few patients developed severe constipation post operatively. Results: The participants aged between 16 and 70 years. Among them, majority of the patient belongs to the age 31-35 years (26%) followed by 2nd common group 26-30 years of age (20%) and 3rd one in between 21-25 years of age (16%). Among them 44% patients were primipara and 22% patients were grand multipara. The mobilization during operation was excellent in 30%, satisfactory 64% cases and not enough in 6% cases. After mobilization fistula closed in double layer in 10% and in single layer 90% cases, labial fat graft was given 38% and peritoneal graft was given in 2% cases. During operation bleeding was minimum in 92% cases and in 34% cases catheter was block, urine leakage occurred in 30% cases. Among all patients 14% suffered from fever postoperatively. There was vaginal discharge in 10% cases and UTI in 12%cases which was evidenced by urine culture. Operation was fully successful in 60 percent cases, urethral incontinence in 22% cases & failed in 18% women. Conclusion: In this study, majority of the transvaginal local repair of VVF operations were successful; however, few difficult cases were observed. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 25-29
{"title":"Outcome of Transvaginal Local Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula","authors":"Razia Begum, Laila Nazneen Khan, Riffat Rahim, Kamrunnahar Sweety, Farhana Khan, Tahera Sultana, Arshad Jahan, Mohammad Jahangir Alam","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68985","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a significant cause of physical & psychological disability with social stigmatization especially in low- and middle-income countries. Over 80% of such cases result from neglected prolonged and obstructed labour. Objective: The purpose of the study was to observe the outcome of transvaginal local repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2007 to June 2008, on 50 patients of vesicovaginal fistula. We included women who were suffering from VVF and who were operated before and diagnosed as a failed repair of VVF. We excluded those patients who had VVF with associated problem like rectovaginal fistula (RVF), any repair through transabdominal route and unwilling to take part in this study. Before surgery, each woman was assessed by medical and surgical history, examination and necessary investigations. Typically, regional anesthesia was utilized for the fistula surgery. However, general anesthesia was given when required. During surgery, transvaginal approach was taken for repair. The vagina was packed for haemostasis. Vaginal pack was removed after 1-2 days depending on instruction of the surgeon. Repacking of vagina was also done sometimes when there was some leaking during post-operative period. Few patients developed severe constipation post operatively. Results: The participants aged between 16 and 70 years. Among them, majority of the patient belongs to the age 31-35 years (26%) followed by 2nd common group 26-30 years of age (20%) and 3rd one in between 21-25 years of age (16%). Among them 44% patients were primipara and 22% patients were grand multipara. The mobilization during operation was excellent in 30%, satisfactory 64% cases and not enough in 6% cases. After mobilization fistula closed in double layer in 10% and in single layer 90% cases, labial fat graft was given 38% and peritoneal graft was given in 2% cases. During operation bleeding was minimum in 92% cases and in 34% cases catheter was block, urine leakage occurred in 30% cases. Among all patients 14% suffered from fever postoperatively. There was vaginal discharge in 10% cases and UTI in 12%cases which was evidenced by urine culture. Operation was fully successful in 60 percent cases, urethral incontinence in 22% cases & failed in 18% women. Conclusion: In this study, majority of the transvaginal local repair of VVF operations were successful; however, few difficult cases were observed. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 25-29","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68921
Mohammad Mahbubul Hasan, Natasha Kajmina, Hasiba Begum
Background: Endothelial cell loss and corneal decompensation after cataract surgery is well-documented. After endothelial cell loss, the adjacent cells enlarge and slide over to maintain endothelial cell continuity, which is observed as a change in the endothelial cell density and morphology of the cornea. Objective: The study aims to assess and compare morphological changes (i.e., endothelial cell loss) in cornea after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with PCIOL implantation. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and July of 2016. A total of 80 patients of age-related cataract were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation pre- and post-operatively (at day 1, after 1 week and 3 months) specifically for observation of the endothelial changes in cornea. Specular microscopy was done to assess corneal endothelial change. Results: The mean endothelial cell count was found decreased at day 1 (2585.07±355.65/mm2 vs. 2598.07±385.76/mm2), after 1 week (2564.72±347.23/mm2 vs. 2388.77±326.46/mm2) and after 3 months (2476.72±346.69/mm2 vs. 2248.77±354.47/mm2) following phacoemulsification and MSICS from their preoperative values (2745.35±395.27/mm2 vs. 2673.04±388.28/mm2) respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in mean endothelial cell count of both groups (P>0.05). The mean percentage of endothelial cell loss were observed 5.84±10.02% and 2.80±0.65% at day 1, 6.58±12.15% and 10.63±15.92% at 1 week, 9.78±12.29% and 15.87±8.71% at 3 months after phacoemulsification and MSICS. However, the difference observed in amount of endothelial cell loss between the groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: To summarize, a decreased endothelial cell count was observed after cataract surgery in both phacoemulsification and MSICS procedures from their preoperative values respectively. However, the difference was not significant between two procedures. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 11-15
背景:白内障手术后内皮细胞丢失和角膜失代偿是有充分文献记载的。内皮细胞丢失后，相邻细胞扩大并滑动以维持内皮细胞的连续性，这表现为角膜内皮细胞密度和形态的变化。目的:评价和比较超声乳化术联合后房型人工晶状体(PCIOL)植入术与人工小切口白内障手术(msic)联合PCIOL植入术后角膜的形态学变化(即内皮细胞损失)。方法:本观察性研究于2016年1 - 7月在孟加拉国达卡达卡军营军队联合医院(CMH)眼科进行。根据纳入和排除标准随机选取80例年龄相关性白内障患者。所有患者术前和术后(第1天、术后1周和3个月)均进行了全面的眼科评估，专门观察角膜内皮的变化。用镜面显微镜观察角膜内皮的变化。结果:超声乳化和mscs术后第1天内皮细胞平均计数(2585.07±355.65/mm2 vs. 2598.07±385.76/mm2)、1周(2564.72±347.23/mm2 vs. 2388.77±326.46/mm2)和3个月(2476.72±346.69/mm2 vs. 2248.77±354.47/mm2)分别较术前(2745.35±395.27/mm2 vs. 2673.04±388.28/mm2)下降。两组平均内皮细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1天内皮细胞平均损失率分别为5.84±10.02%和2.80±0.65%，术后第1周内皮细胞平均损失率分别为6.58±12.15%和10.63±15.92%，术后3个月内皮细胞平均损失率分别为9.78±12.29%和15.87±8.71%。但各组内皮细胞损失量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:综上所述，白内障超声乳化术和mscs术后内皮细胞计数均较术前减少。然而，两种方法之间的差异不显著。中华医学杂志[j];6(1): 11 - 15号
{"title":"Morphological Changes in the Endothelium of Cornea after Cataract Surgery: A Comparison between Phacoemulsification and Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery","authors":"Mohammad Mahbubul Hasan, Natasha Kajmina, Hasiba Begum","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68921","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endothelial cell loss and corneal decompensation after cataract surgery is well-documented. After endothelial cell loss, the adjacent cells enlarge and slide over to maintain endothelial cell continuity, which is observed as a change in the endothelial cell density and morphology of the cornea. Objective: The study aims to assess and compare morphological changes (i.e., endothelial cell loss) in cornea after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with PCIOL implantation. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and July of 2016. A total of 80 patients of age-related cataract were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation pre- and post-operatively (at day 1, after 1 week and 3 months) specifically for observation of the endothelial changes in cornea. Specular microscopy was done to assess corneal endothelial change. Results: The mean endothelial cell count was found decreased at day 1 (2585.07±355.65/mm2 vs. 2598.07±385.76/mm2), after 1 week (2564.72±347.23/mm2 vs. 2388.77±326.46/mm2) and after 3 months (2476.72±346.69/mm2 vs. 2248.77±354.47/mm2) following phacoemulsification and MSICS from their preoperative values (2745.35±395.27/mm2 vs. 2673.04±388.28/mm2) respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in mean endothelial cell count of both groups (P>0.05). The mean percentage of endothelial cell loss were observed 5.84±10.02% and 2.80±0.65% at day 1, 6.58±12.15% and 10.63±15.92% at 1 week, 9.78±12.29% and 15.87±8.71% at 3 months after phacoemulsification and MSICS. However, the difference observed in amount of endothelial cell loss between the groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: To summarize, a decreased endothelial cell count was observed after cataract surgery in both phacoemulsification and MSICS procedures from their preoperative values respectively. However, the difference was not significant between two procedures. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 11-15","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68931
Laila Nazneen Khan, Nowshafreen Chowdhury, Riffat Rahim, Kamrunnahar Sweety, Razia Begum, Tahera Sultana, Fahmida Naz Mustafa
Background: Infertility has major public health, economic, and psychosocial consequences, affecting approximately 15% - 20% of couples of reproductive ages. Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm . Illness, injuries, chronic health problems, life style may contribute to male infertility.
Objective: the aim of the study was to find the semen profile of infertile couples who attended the OPD of a tertiary hospital in Sylhet city.
Methodology: This prospective longitudinal study was carried out in OPD of SOMCH, from June 2004 to December 2004. The study population was included with the criteria of the 100 male partners of the infertile couples who had tried for at least one year. The Exclusion criteria were men who had undergone a vasectomy.
Each of the male partner of the infertile couples were provided-with detailed instructions regarding the method of collection of the semen. After three days of abstinence, the subjects were instructed to collect semen by masturbation in a clean, dry, wide-mouthed container provided by the laboratory. In most of the cases, semen was collected in the semen collection room within the premises of the laboratory, but those were unable to produce semen by masturbation were advised to bring the specimen to the laboratory as soon as possible after collection by coitusinteruptus. It was strictly suggested that the semen was to be brought within 2 hours at the test, sample which was brought after 2 hours was rejected. The sperm concentration was estimated by using the Makler counting chamber. Sperm morphology was assessed under light microscope by making a semen smear. The semen parameters were interpreted as normal or abnormal according to WHO (1999) semen analysis reference values. In patients with absence of sperm, semen analysis was repeated three times at four weeks interval before declaring azoospermia. Those patients with azoospermia and oligospermia also had a hormonal assay.
Result: In this study, most (87%) of the semen specimens were between 2-3ml.In this study, 66% of the semen samples had a sperm count of more than 20 million/ml, 20% had 6-20 million/I, 5% had < 5 million/nil & 9 % had no sperm in their semen specimen (azoospermia). Out of 100 cases, 66% of semen specimens showed normal sperm concentration (>20 million/ml) . 34% showed low or no sperm concentration. Statistically, the proportion is highly significant (P=<0.001) In this study, the majority (74%) of male partners had pus cell in their semen specimen. In this study, most of the semen specimens (96%) liquefied within 30 minutes and 95% cases, pH of the semen specimen was between 7.2-7.4. In this study, out of 100 sample, sperm concentrations were found 0 in 9 samples (9%). Out of this 91 samples, 20.86% had 10-50% actively motile sperm, 2.18% had <10% motile sperm in their semen specimen. Out of 91 samples 21(23.04%) showed low spe
{"title":"Semen Pattern of Infertile-Male Partners Attending for Infertility Treatment, Sylhet, Bangladesh","authors":"Laila Nazneen Khan, Nowshafreen Chowdhury, Riffat Rahim, Kamrunnahar Sweety, Razia Begum, Tahera Sultana, Fahmida Naz Mustafa","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68931","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infertility has major public health, economic, and psychosocial consequences, affecting approximately 15% - 20% of couples of reproductive ages. Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm . Illness, injuries, chronic health problems, life style may contribute to male infertility.
 Objective: the aim of the study was to find the semen profile of infertile couples who attended the OPD of a tertiary hospital in Sylhet city.
 Methodology: This prospective longitudinal study was carried out in OPD of SOMCH, from June 2004 to December 2004. The study population was included with the criteria of the 100 male partners of the infertile couples who had tried for at least one year. The Exclusion criteria were men who had undergone a vasectomy.
 Each of the male partner of the infertile couples were provided-with detailed instructions regarding the method of collection of the semen. After three days of abstinence, the subjects were instructed to collect semen by masturbation in a clean, dry, wide-mouthed container provided by the laboratory. In most of the cases, semen was collected in the semen collection room within the premises of the laboratory, but those were unable to produce semen by masturbation were advised to bring the specimen to the laboratory as soon as possible after collection by coitusinteruptus. It was strictly suggested that the semen was to be brought within 2 hours at the test, sample which was brought after 2 hours was rejected. The sperm concentration was estimated by using the Makler counting chamber. Sperm morphology was assessed under light microscope by making a semen smear. The semen parameters were interpreted as normal or abnormal according to WHO (1999) semen analysis reference values. In patients with absence of sperm, semen analysis was repeated three times at four weeks interval before declaring azoospermia. Those patients with azoospermia and oligospermia also had a hormonal assay.
 Result: In this study, most (87%) of the semen specimens were between 2-3ml.In this study, 66% of the semen samples had a sperm count of more than 20 million/ml, 20% had 6-20 million/I, 5% had < 5 million/nil & 9 % had no sperm in their semen specimen (azoospermia). Out of 100 cases, 66% of semen specimens showed normal sperm concentration (>20 million/ml) . 34% showed low or no sperm concentration. Statistically, the proportion is highly significant (P=<0.001) In this study, the majority (74%) of male partners had pus cell in their semen specimen. In this study, most of the semen specimens (96%) liquefied within 30 minutes and 95% cases, pH of the semen specimen was between 7.2-7.4. In this study, out of 100 sample, sperm concentrations were found 0 in 9 samples (9%). Out of this 91 samples, 20.86% had 10-50% actively motile sperm, 2.18% had <10% motile sperm in their semen specimen. Out of 91 samples 21(23.04%) showed low spe","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68934
Md Abu Sayed Sayem, Abu Jafar Md Shahidul Hoq, Md Iqbal Ahmed, Abu Reza Sayem Ahmed, AKM Mahbubul Alam, Kaniz Shahali Reza Snigdha, Md Abdul Hamid
Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous disorder characterized clinically by blisters and erosions of the skin and/or mucous membranes. Serum prolactin plays a role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. Objective: The study aims to observe the serum prolactin concentration in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology & Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between May 2017 and April 2018. A total of 35 patients were included in the study. A consecutive type of sampling technique was used. The dermatological examination was done to ascertain the extent of involvement of the disease. Results: Among 35 patients, 31.4% belonged to 30-50 years age group, while 62.9% belonged to >50 years and 5.7% patients belonged to <30 years ae group. The mean age was found 42.7±11.8 years with ranged from 19-65 years. The majority of the patients (57.1%) were male, and 42.9% patients were female. It was observed that 30(85.7%) had vesicles, 25(71.4%) had bulla, 35(100%) had erosions and 6(17.1%) had other types of lesions. 28 patients (80.0%) had scalp, 32(91.4%) had extremity, 35(100.0%) had trunk and 31(88.6%) had mucous membrane as the sites of involvement. The mean duration of disease was 9.0±12.7 months with a range from 0.5 to 36 months. It was observed that 9 patients (25.7%) had hyperprolactinemia, while 26 patients (74.3%) had normal levels of prolactin. The mean serum prolactin level was found 28.7±16.7 ng/ml with a range from 1.64 to 51.04 ng/ml. Conclusion: Since serum prolactin plays a role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris, it may offer a novel therapeutic target for treatment of PV. Thus, we may reduce morbidity and mortality rate in PV patients by modifying their serum prolactin levels. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 20-24
{"title":"Serum Prolactin Concentration in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris","authors":"Md Abu Sayed Sayem, Abu Jafar Md Shahidul Hoq, Md Iqbal Ahmed, Abu Reza Sayem Ahmed, AKM Mahbubul Alam, Kaniz Shahali Reza Snigdha, Md Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68934","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous disorder characterized clinically by blisters and erosions of the skin and/or mucous membranes. Serum prolactin plays a role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. Objective: The study aims to observe the serum prolactin concentration in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology & Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between May 2017 and April 2018. A total of 35 patients were included in the study. A consecutive type of sampling technique was used. The dermatological examination was done to ascertain the extent of involvement of the disease. Results: Among 35 patients, 31.4% belonged to 30-50 years age group, while 62.9% belonged to >50 years and 5.7% patients belonged to <30 years ae group. The mean age was found 42.7±11.8 years with ranged from 19-65 years. The majority of the patients (57.1%) were male, and 42.9% patients were female. It was observed that 30(85.7%) had vesicles, 25(71.4%) had bulla, 35(100%) had erosions and 6(17.1%) had other types of lesions. 28 patients (80.0%) had scalp, 32(91.4%) had extremity, 35(100.0%) had trunk and 31(88.6%) had mucous membrane as the sites of involvement. The mean duration of disease was 9.0±12.7 months with a range from 0.5 to 36 months. It was observed that 9 patients (25.7%) had hyperprolactinemia, while 26 patients (74.3%) had normal levels of prolactin. The mean serum prolactin level was found 28.7±16.7 ng/ml with a range from 1.64 to 51.04 ng/ml. Conclusion: Since serum prolactin plays a role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris, it may offer a novel therapeutic target for treatment of PV. Thus, we may reduce morbidity and mortality rate in PV patients by modifying their serum prolactin levels. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 20-24","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Prostatic lesions like nodular hyperplasia, inflammation and carcinoma are common causes of morbidity and mortality in males. The incidence of these lesions increases with advancing age. Prostatic diseases show varying incidence in different geographical locations worldwide.
Objectives: To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of various prostatic lesions in biopsy specimen.
Methods: This was a retrospective study comprising 220 cases, carried out at the Department of Pathology, Enam Medical College and Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020. The histopathological slides were analyzed according to type of specimen, age of the patient, and histopathological pattern. Adenocarcinomas were graded according to Gleason score.
Results: Of the total 220 specimens, 202 (91.8%) were of nodular hyperplasia, 14 (6.4%) were carcinoma and 4 (1.8%) cases were high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). All the cases of prostatic malignancies were adenocarcinoma and majority were belonged to Gleason’s score 7. Maximum numbers of cases of nodular hyperplasia were seen in the 61-70 years age group and carcinomas were peak in the 71-80 years age group.
Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions of the prostate are more common than neoplastic ones. Histopathological diagnosis and grading plays a definitive role in the management of prostatic carcinoma.
Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 5-10
{"title":"Histopathological Spectrum of Prostatic Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Md Atiqur Rahman, Syeda Tasfia Siddika, Syeda Subrina Siddika, Afroz Shirin, Maksuda Parvin","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68919","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostatic lesions like nodular hyperplasia, inflammation and carcinoma are common causes of morbidity and mortality in males. The incidence of these lesions increases with advancing age. Prostatic diseases show varying incidence in different geographical locations worldwide.
 Objectives: To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of various prostatic lesions in biopsy specimen.
 Methods: This was a retrospective study comprising 220 cases, carried out at the Department of Pathology, Enam Medical College and Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020. The histopathological slides were analyzed according to type of specimen, age of the patient, and histopathological pattern. Adenocarcinomas were graded according to Gleason score.
 Results: Of the total 220 specimens, 202 (91.8%) were of nodular hyperplasia, 14 (6.4%) were carcinoma and 4 (1.8%) cases were high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). All the cases of prostatic malignancies were adenocarcinoma and majority were belonged to Gleason’s score 7. Maximum numbers of cases of nodular hyperplasia were seen in the 61-70 years age group and carcinomas were peak in the 71-80 years age group.
 Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions of the prostate are more common than neoplastic ones. Histopathological diagnosis and grading plays a definitive role in the management of prostatic carcinoma.
 Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 5-10","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68987
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi, Riffat Rahim, Dilara Alo, Md Abdul Muqueet, Hasan Hafizur Rahman, Nelema Jahan, Mohammad Abu Sayeed Talukder, Thanadar Tamjeeda Tapu
The assessment of clinical competence is one of the most difficult tasks facing medical education. Teaching and assessment need to be meaningful for the students and their relevance in real life context and challenges should be apparent. Ideally, assessment tasks should require students to use the same competencies, or combinations of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that they need to apply in their future professional life. However, for the medical teachers of our country the term “authentic assessment” is very new, as most of them are very stick to traditional assessment while running a course or training students in different medical colleges. Clinical competence is an extremely complex construct and one that requires multiple, mixed, and higher order methods of assessment. As we have experienced a recent pandemic situation, it seems that plenty of questions remain in relation to clinical competence assessment in medical colleges for now and near future. In authentic assessment, students will go beyond the textual reproduction of fragmented and low order content and move towards understanding, establishing relationships between new ideas and previous knowledge, linking theoretical concepts with everyday experience, deriving conclusions from the analysis of data, allowing them to examine both the logic of the arguments present in the theory, as well as its practical scope. That is why we are moving away from traditional, limited test formats to new, more complex, yet innovative, mixed methods of ‘authentic’ assessment – from faculty observation ratings and paper-and-pencil examinations to online MCQ tests, SBA questions, experimentation with advanced OSPE and OSCE, and project-based assessment supplemented with clinical reasoning. These moves are expected to bring not only several challenges but also great educational rewards for the measurement and advancement of clinical competence among students. We would like to continue to work on those progressions. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 37-43
{"title":"‘Authentic’ Assessment of Clinical Competence: Where We Are and Where We Want to Go in Future","authors":"Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi, Riffat Rahim, Dilara Alo, Md Abdul Muqueet, Hasan Hafizur Rahman, Nelema Jahan, Mohammad Abu Sayeed Talukder, Thanadar Tamjeeda Tapu","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68987","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of clinical competence is one of the most difficult tasks facing medical education. Teaching and assessment need to be meaningful for the students and their relevance in real life context and challenges should be apparent. Ideally, assessment tasks should require students to use the same competencies, or combinations of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that they need to apply in their future professional life. However, for the medical teachers of our country the term “authentic assessment” is very new, as most of them are very stick to traditional assessment while running a course or training students in different medical colleges. Clinical competence is an extremely complex construct and one that requires multiple, mixed, and higher order methods of assessment. As we have experienced a recent pandemic situation, it seems that plenty of questions remain in relation to clinical competence assessment in medical colleges for now and near future. In authentic assessment, students will go beyond the textual reproduction of fragmented and low order content and move towards understanding, establishing relationships between new ideas and previous knowledge, linking theoretical concepts with everyday experience, deriving conclusions from the analysis of data, allowing them to examine both the logic of the arguments present in the theory, as well as its practical scope. That is why we are moving away from traditional, limited test formats to new, more complex, yet innovative, mixed methods of ‘authentic’ assessment – from faculty observation ratings and paper-and-pencil examinations to online MCQ tests, SBA questions, experimentation with advanced OSPE and OSCE, and project-based assessment supplemented with clinical reasoning. These moves are expected to bring not only several challenges but also great educational rewards for the measurement and advancement of clinical competence among students. We would like to continue to work on those progressions. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 37-43","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"416 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68988
Md Tariqul Islam Khan, Gobinda Kanti Paul, Ali Hossain, Md Shafiqul Islam Islam, Jahir Uddin Mohammed Sharif
Myocardial noncompaction (NC) is usually seen isolated; however, sometimes other congenital heart abnormalities may accompany the myocardial noncompaction. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a genetic anomaly where the ventricular wall is replaced by thick ventricular trabeculations with deep intertrabecular recesses held together by a thin compacted layer. The most common site of involvement is the left ventricle, with right ventricular involvement being reported in a few cases. Isolated right ventricular noncompaction (RVNC) is rare yet life-threatening if left untreated. Genetic testing may identify possible mutation of gene. Early diagnosis of NC is very important for disease management. The management of associated other cardiac pathologies simultaneously will help improve the symptoms and prognosis in patients with noncompaction. Here we report a case of 60-year-old male patient presenting with heart failure due to cardiomyopathy with biventricular noncompaction. The case is being presented as an academic interest. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 44-47
{"title":"Cardiomyopathy Following Biventricular Noncompaction","authors":"Md Tariqul Islam Khan, Gobinda Kanti Paul, Ali Hossain, Md Shafiqul Islam Islam, Jahir Uddin Mohammed Sharif","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68988","url":null,"abstract":"Myocardial noncompaction (NC) is usually seen isolated; however, sometimes other congenital heart abnormalities may accompany the myocardial noncompaction. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a genetic anomaly where the ventricular wall is replaced by thick ventricular trabeculations with deep intertrabecular recesses held together by a thin compacted layer. The most common site of involvement is the left ventricle, with right ventricular involvement being reported in a few cases. Isolated right ventricular noncompaction (RVNC) is rare yet life-threatening if left untreated. Genetic testing may identify possible mutation of gene. Early diagnosis of NC is very important for disease management. The management of associated other cardiac pathologies simultaneously will help improve the symptoms and prognosis in patients with noncompaction. Here we report a case of 60-year-old male patient presenting with heart failure due to cardiomyopathy with biventricular noncompaction. The case is being presented as an academic interest. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 44-47","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68986
Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Md Rabiul Islam, Riashat Azim Majumder, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Md Asif Anowar, Md Rashid E Mahbub, Mohmmad Ashaduzzaman
Oncocytoma is a rare salivary gland tumor consisting of oncocytes with many hyperplastic mitochondria. It usually occurs in the parotid gland. Very few cases of parotid oncocytoma have been reported in literature. Because of its rarity (<1-2% of salivary gland tumors) and clinical presentation of the tumor. Clinical diagnosis is often challenging due to the likeness of oncocytoma to other benign and low-grade malignant salivary gland tumors there is a tendency among the clinicians to misdiagnose it as pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioma, or other forms of oncocytosis. Previously published articles had all agreed on the reality of this lesion occurring over the parotid gland. The paper aims to review previously published cases of oncoytoma to provide a better insight regarding demographic, clinicopathological, radiological and histological features of this rare tumor of parotid gland. A systemic review of English literature was performed after using a sensitive search strategy involving two different databases: google scholar and PubMed. A total number of 9 cases were included. The tumour is mostly presented in old age as a slowly growing tumour (mean duration 3.17 years) and showed a slightly higher female predominance (Female:Male=1.25:1). They were mostly located over superficial lobe,100%. Conventional histological variant has only been reported. Complete surgical excision was performed for all the cases without any reports of recurrence or malignant transformation. Imaging studies diagnosed the lesion as a benign tumor. Only histopathological examination can confirm it. Definitive histology examination concludes to oncocytoma. Furthermore, our aim is to bring to the forefront how these lesions require a comprehensive workup and how to choose the best treatment strategy. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 30-36
{"title":"Oncocytoma: A Mystifying Parotid Gland Tumour","authors":"Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Md Rabiul Islam, Riashat Azim Majumder, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Md Asif Anowar, Md Rashid E Mahbub, Mohmmad Ashaduzzaman","doi":"10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v6i1.68986","url":null,"abstract":"Oncocytoma is a rare salivary gland tumor consisting of oncocytes with many hyperplastic mitochondria. It usually occurs in the parotid gland. Very few cases of parotid oncocytoma have been reported in literature. Because of its rarity (<1-2% of salivary gland tumors) and clinical presentation of the tumor. Clinical diagnosis is often challenging due to the likeness of oncocytoma to other benign and low-grade malignant salivary gland tumors there is a tendency among the clinicians to misdiagnose it as pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioma, or other forms of oncocytosis. Previously published articles had all agreed on the reality of this lesion occurring over the parotid gland. The paper aims to review previously published cases of oncoytoma to provide a better insight regarding demographic, clinicopathological, radiological and histological features of this rare tumor of parotid gland. A systemic review of English literature was performed after using a sensitive search strategy involving two different databases: google scholar and PubMed. A total number of 9 cases were included. The tumour is mostly presented in old age as a slowly growing tumour (mean duration 3.17 years) and showed a slightly higher female predominance (Female:Male=1.25:1). They were mostly located over superficial lobe,100%. Conventional histological variant has only been reported. Complete surgical excision was performed for all the cases without any reports of recurrence or malignant transformation. Imaging studies diagnosed the lesion as a benign tumor. Only histopathological examination can confirm it. Definitive histology examination concludes to oncocytoma. Furthermore, our aim is to bring to the forefront how these lesions require a comprehensive workup and how to choose the best treatment strategy. Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 30-36","PeriodicalId":499854,"journal":{"name":"Mugda Medical College Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：