Pub Date : 2016-04-25DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.251
C. Yao, Y. Gong
The prediction of thermal effects in lithography projection objective plays a significant role in the real-time dynamic compensation of thermal aberrations. For the illuminated lithography projection objective, this paper applies finite element analysis to get the temperature distribution, surface deformation and stress data. To improve the efficiency, a temperature distribution function model is proposed to use for the simulation of thermal aberrations with the help of optical analysis software CODE V. SigFit is approved integrated optomechanical analysis software with the feature of calculating OPD effects due to temperature change, and it is utilized to prove the validation of the temperature distribution function. Results show that the impact of surface deformation and stress is negligible compared with the refractive index change; astigmatisms and 4-foil aberrations dominate in the thermal aberration, about 1.7 λ and 0.45 λ. The system takes about one hour to reach thermal equilibrium and the contrast of the imaging of dense lines get worse as time goes on.
{"title":"Simulation Research on the Thermal Effects in Dipolar Illuminated Lithography","authors":"C. Yao, Y. Gong","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.251","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of thermal effects in lithography projection objective plays a significant role in the real-time dynamic compensation of thermal aberrations. For the illuminated lithography projection objective, this paper applies finite element analysis to get the temperature distribution, surface deformation and stress data. To improve the efficiency, a temperature distribution function model is proposed to use for the simulation of thermal aberrations with the help of optical analysis software CODE V. SigFit is approved integrated optomechanical analysis software with the feature of calculating OPD effects due to temperature change, and it is utilized to prove the validation of the temperature distribution function. Results show that the impact of surface deformation and stress is negligible compared with the refractive index change; astigmatisms and 4-foil aberrations dominate in the thermal aberration, about 1.7 λ and 0.45 λ. The system takes about one hour to reach thermal equilibrium and the contrast of the imaging of dense lines get worse as time goes on.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"251-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-25DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.305
Hong Rae Kim, Hyun Min Lee, H. Yoo, Seung-Hoon Lee, K. Kim
A number of fluorescence imaging techniques for use in the surgical removal of glioma have been developed over the course of the long history of neurosurgery. Various biomarkers, biochemical agents, and detection systems for glioma have also been developed. This review focuses on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which is used to detect glioma. Numerous forms of fluorescence-guided surgery use 5-ALA, which is helpful to the surgeon. The surgical microscope system is the observational method generally used with 5-ALA, while the loupe, endoscope, and exoscope are simpler alternatives. A system is needed for minimal resection and other issues that arise during neurosurgery. Such an enhanced system should be able to detect low-grade tumors and provide information on microinvasive diseases, resulting in an improved survival rate and better surgical skills. Development of systems that fulfill certain needs would help protect the brain function of the patient and broaden the use of such systems in neurosurgery.
{"title":"Review of Neurosurgical Fluorescence Imaging Systems for Clinical Application","authors":"Hong Rae Kim, Hyun Min Lee, H. Yoo, Seung-Hoon Lee, K. Kim","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.305","url":null,"abstract":"A number of fluorescence imaging techniques for use in the surgical removal of glioma have been developed over the course of the long history of neurosurgery. Various biomarkers, biochemical agents, and detection systems for glioma have also been developed. This review focuses on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which is used to detect glioma. Numerous forms of fluorescence-guided surgery use 5-ALA, which is helpful to the surgeon. The surgical microscope system is the observational method generally used with 5-ALA, while the loupe, endoscope, and exoscope are simpler alternatives. A system is needed for minimal resection and other issues that arise during neurosurgery. Such an enhanced system should be able to detect low-grade tumors and provide information on microinvasive diseases, resulting in an improved survival rate and better surgical skills. Development of systems that fulfill certain needs would help protect the brain function of the patient and broaden the use of such systems in neurosurgery.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-25DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.314
D. Zhao, Peng Liu, Ling-Ping He, Bo Chen
The glass thermal forming process provides a high volume, low cost approach to producing aspherical reflectors for x-ray optics. Thin glass sheets are shaped into mirror segments by replicating the mold shape at high temperature. Heating parameters in the glass thermal slumping process are crucial to improve surface quality of the formed glass. In this research, the heating process of a thermal slumping glass sheet on a concave parabolic mold was simulated with the finite-element method (FEM) to investigate the effects of heating rate and soaking temperature. Based on the optimized heating conditions, glass samples 0.5 mm thick were formed in a furnace with a steel concave parabolic mold. The figure errors of the formed glass were measured and discussed in detail. It was found that the formed glass was not fully slumped at the edges, and should be trimmed to achieve better surface deviation. The root-mean-square (RMS) deviation and peak-valley (PV) deviation between formed glass and mold along the axial direction were 2.3 μm and 4.7 μm respectively.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Heating Process of Glass Thermal Slumping","authors":"D. Zhao, Peng Liu, Ling-Ping He, Bo Chen","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.314","url":null,"abstract":"The glass thermal forming process provides a high volume, low cost approach to producing aspherical reflectors for x-ray optics. Thin glass sheets are shaped into mirror segments by replicating the mold shape at high temperature. Heating parameters in the glass thermal slumping process are crucial to improve surface quality of the formed glass. In this research, the heating process of a thermal slumping glass sheet on a concave parabolic mold was simulated with the finite-element method (FEM) to investigate the effects of heating rate and soaking temperature. Based on the optimized heating conditions, glass samples 0.5 mm thick were formed in a furnace with a steel concave parabolic mold. The figure errors of the formed glass were measured and discussed in detail. It was found that the formed glass was not fully slumped at the edges, and should be trimmed to achieve better surface deviation. The root-mean-square (RMS) deviation and peak-valley (PV) deviation between formed glass and mold along the axial direction were 2.3 μm and 4.7 μm respectively.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-25DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.263
L. Qi
Broadband metal-dielectric-metal terahertz filters composed of complementary rings are designed and demonstrated. Four samples with different parameters were fabricated. Results measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy system show excellent agreement with simulations. Compared with the broadband filters reported before, the complementary ring structure in our design is insensitive to any polarization at normal incidence due to symmetry of the ring. Furthermore, the influence of structure parameters (such as period, radius, slot width, thickness and incidence angles) on the transmission characteristics has been investigated theoretically. The encouraging results afforded by designing of the filters could find applications in broadband sensors, terahertz communication systems, and other emerging terahertz technologies.
{"title":"Broadband and Polarization Independent Terahertz Metamaterial Filters Using Metal-Dielectric-Metal Complementary Ring Structure","authors":"L. Qi","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.263","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband metal-dielectric-metal terahertz filters composed of complementary rings are designed and demonstrated. Four samples with different parameters were fabricated. Results measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy system show excellent agreement with simulations. Compared with the broadband filters reported before, the complementary ring structure in our design is insensitive to any polarization at normal incidence due to symmetry of the ring. Furthermore, the influence of structure parameters (such as period, radius, slot width, thickness and incidence angles) on the transmission characteristics has been investigated theoretically. The encouraging results afforded by designing of the filters could find applications in broadband sensors, terahertz communication systems, and other emerging terahertz technologies.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.269
Tian Guan, Jian Wang, Yang Muqun, Kai Zhu, Yong Wang, Guohui Nie
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P. R. China(Received November 17, 2015 : revised February 26, 2016 : accepted February 29, 2016)This study has investigated the feasibility of 980-nm low-energy pulsed near-infrared laser stimulation to evoke auditory responses, as well as the effects of radiant exposure and pulse duration on auditory responses. In the experiments, a hole was drilled in the basal turn of the cochlea in guinea pigs. An optical fiber with a 980-nm pulsed infrared laser was inserted into the hole, orientating the spiral ganglion cells in the cochlea. To model deafness, the tympanic membrane was mechanically damaged. Acoustically evoked compound action potentials (ACAPs) were recorded before and after deafness, and optically evoked compound action potentials (OCAPs) were recorded after deafness. Similar spatial selectivity between optical and acoustical stimulation was found. In addition, OCAP amplitudes increased with radiant exposure, indicating a photothermal mechanism induced by optical stimulation. Furthermore, at a fixed radiant exposure, OCAP amplitudes decreased as pulse duration increased, suggesting that optical stimulation might be governed by the time duration over which the energy is delivered. Thus, the current experiments have demonstrated that a 980-nm pulsed near-infrared laser with low energy can evoke auditory neural responses similar to those evoked by acoustical stimulation. This approach could be used to develop optical cochlear implants.Keywords : Cochlear implant, Pulsed near-infrared laser, Optical stimulation, Optical compound action potentialOCIS codes : (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation
{"title":"Near-Infrared Laser Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve in Guinea Pigs","authors":"Tian Guan, Jian Wang, Yang Muqun, Kai Zhu, Yong Wang, Guohui Nie","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.269","url":null,"abstract":"Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P. R. China(Received November 17, 2015 : revised February 26, 2016 : accepted February 29, 2016)This study has investigated the feasibility of 980-nm low-energy pulsed near-infrared laser stimulation to evoke auditory responses, as well as the effects of radiant exposure and pulse duration on auditory responses. In the experiments, a hole was drilled in the basal turn of the cochlea in guinea pigs. An optical fiber with a 980-nm pulsed infrared laser was inserted into the hole, orientating the spiral ganglion cells in the cochlea. To model deafness, the tympanic membrane was mechanically damaged. Acoustically evoked compound action potentials (ACAPs) were recorded before and after deafness, and optically evoked compound action potentials (OCAPs) were recorded after deafness. Similar spatial selectivity between optical and acoustical stimulation was found. In addition, OCAP amplitudes increased with radiant exposure, indicating a photothermal mechanism induced by optical stimulation. Furthermore, at a fixed radiant exposure, OCAP amplitudes decreased as pulse duration increased, suggesting that optical stimulation might be governed by the time duration over which the energy is delivered. Thus, the current experiments have demonstrated that a 980-nm pulsed near-infrared laser with low energy can evoke auditory neural responses similar to those evoked by acoustical stimulation. This approach could be used to develop optical cochlear implants.Keywords : Cochlear implant, Pulsed near-infrared laser, Optical stimulation, Optical compound action potentialOCIS codes : (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"269-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.283
D. Lee, Sung‐Chan Park
This study presents an 8x four-group inner-focus zoom lens with one-moving group for a compact camera by use of a focus tunable lens (FTL). In the initial design stage, we obtained the powers of lens groups by paraxial design based on thin lens theory, and then set up the zoom system composed of four lens modules. Instead of numerically analytic analysis for the zoom locus, we suggest simple analysis for that using lens modules optimized. After replacing four groups with equivalent thick lens modules, the power of the fourth group, which includes a focus tunable lens, is designed to be changed to fix the image plane at all positions. From this design process, we can realize an 8x four-group zoom system having one moving group by employing a focus tunable lens. The final designed zoom lens has focal lengths of 4 mm to 32 mm and apertures of F/3.5 to F/4.5 at wide and tele positions, respectively.
{"title":"Design of an 8x Four-group Inner-focus Zoom System Using a Focus Tunable Lens","authors":"D. Lee, Sung‐Chan Park","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.283","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an 8x four-group inner-focus zoom lens with one-moving group for a compact camera by use of a focus tunable lens (FTL). In the initial design stage, we obtained the powers of lens groups by paraxial design based on thin lens theory, and then set up the zoom system composed of four lens modules. Instead of numerically analytic analysis for the zoom locus, we suggest simple analysis for that using lens modules optimized. After replacing four groups with equivalent thick lens modules, the power of the fourth group, which includes a focus tunable lens, is designed to be changed to fix the image plane at all positions. From this design process, we can realize an 8x four-group zoom system having one moving group by employing a focus tunable lens. The final designed zoom lens has focal lengths of 4 mm to 32 mm and apertures of F/3.5 to F/4.5 at wide and tele positions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"283-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.228
Jae-Young Jang, Kotaro Inoue, Min-Chul Lee, M. Cho
In this paper, we propose a nonlinear maximum average correlation height (MACH) filter for information authentication of photon counting double random phase encryption (DRPE). To enhance the security of DRPE, photon counting imaging can be applied because of its sparseness. However, under severely photon-starved conditions, information authentication of DRPE may not be implemented successfully. To visualize the photon counting DRPE, a three-dimensional imaging technique such as integral imaging can be used. In addition, a nonlinear MACH filter can be utilized for helping the information authentication. Therefore, in this paper, we use integral imaging and nonlinear MACH filter to implement the information authentication of photon counting DRPE. To verify our method, we implement optical experiments and computer simulation.
{"title":"Information Authentication of Three-Dimensional Photon Counting Double Random Phase Encryption Using Nonlinear Maximum Average Correlation Height Filter","authors":"Jae-Young Jang, Kotaro Inoue, Min-Chul Lee, M. Cho","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.228","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a nonlinear maximum average correlation height (MACH) filter for information authentication of photon counting double random phase encryption (DRPE). To enhance the security of DRPE, photon counting imaging can be applied because of its sparseness. However, under severely photon-starved conditions, information authentication of DRPE may not be implemented successfully. To visualize the photon counting DRPE, a three-dimensional imaging technique such as integral imaging can be used. In addition, a nonlinear MACH filter can be utilized for helping the information authentication. Therefore, in this paper, we use integral imaging and nonlinear MACH filter to implement the information authentication of photon counting DRPE. To verify our method, we implement optical experiments and computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"228-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.239
Dan Zeng, Shuqin Long, Jing Li, Qijun Zhao
National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision,College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China(Received November 18, 2015 : revised February 11, 2016 : accepted March 4, 2016)Mugshot face images, routinely collected by police, usually contain both frontal and profile views. Existing automated face recognition methods exploited mugshot databases by enlarging the gallery with synthetic multi-view face images generated from the mugshot face images. This paper, instead, proposes to match the query arbitrary view face image directly to the enrolled frontal and profile face images. During matching, the 3D face shape model reconstructed from the mugshot face images is used to establish corresponding semantic parts between query and gallery face images, based on which comparison is done. The final recognition result is obtained by fusing the matching results with frontal and profile face images. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method better utilizes mugshot databases without using synthetic face images that may have artifacts. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated on the Color FERET and CMU PIE databases. Keywords : Mugshot-based face recognition, Arbitrary view face recognition, Three-dimensional face reconstructionOCIS codes : (100.5010) Pattern recognition; (100.0100) Image processing; (100.3008) Image recognition, algorithms and filters; (100.6890) Three-dimensional image processing
{"title":"A Novel Approach to Mugshot Based Arbitrary View Face Recognition","authors":"Dan Zeng, Shuqin Long, Jing Li, Qijun Zhao","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.239","url":null,"abstract":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision,College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China(Received November 18, 2015 : revised February 11, 2016 : accepted March 4, 2016)Mugshot face images, routinely collected by police, usually contain both frontal and profile views. Existing automated face recognition methods exploited mugshot databases by enlarging the gallery with synthetic multi-view face images generated from the mugshot face images. This paper, instead, proposes to match the query arbitrary view face image directly to the enrolled frontal and profile face images. During matching, the 3D face shape model reconstructed from the mugshot face images is used to establish corresponding semantic parts between query and gallery face images, based on which comparison is done. The final recognition result is obtained by fusing the matching results with frontal and profile face images. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method better utilizes mugshot databases without using synthetic face images that may have artifacts. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated on the Color FERET and CMU PIE databases. Keywords : Mugshot-based face recognition, Arbitrary view face recognition, Three-dimensional face reconstructionOCIS codes : (100.5010) Pattern recognition; (100.0100) Image processing; (100.3008) Image recognition, algorithms and filters; (100.6890) Three-dimensional image processing","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"239-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.223
Qikai Hu, Hoon Kim, C. Kim
The impact of optical receiver configuration on in-band crosstalk-induced penalty has been investigated in both theoretical and experimental analyses, for differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) signals. Previously it has been shown that DPSK signals are ~6 dB more tolerant to in-band crosstalk than on-off keying (OOK) signals. However, we find that the tolerance difference between the two signals is reduced to ~3 dB when the decision threshold of the receiver is optimized to minimize the bit-error rate for each signal. Then we derive simple equations for the in-band crosstalk-induced penalty in DPSK and DQPSK signals with two different optical receiver configurations: balanced and single-ended direct-detection receivers. We confirm that the penalties obtained from our simple equations agree well with the measured results.
{"title":"Impact of Receiver on In-Band Crosstalk-Induced Penalties in Differentially Phase-Modulated Signals","authors":"Qikai Hu, Hoon Kim, C. Kim","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.223","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of optical receiver configuration on in-band crosstalk-induced \u0000 penalty has been investigated in both theoretical and experimental analyses, for \u0000 differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift \u0000 keying (DQPSK) signals. Previously it has been shown that DPSK signals are ~6 dB \u0000 more tolerant to in-band crosstalk than on-off keying (OOK) signals. However, we \u0000 find that the tolerance difference between the two signals is reduced to ~3 dB when \u0000 the decision threshold of the receiver is optimized to minimize the bit-error rate \u0000 for each signal. Then we derive simple equations for the in-band crosstalk-induced \u0000 penalty in DPSK and DQPSK signals with two different optical receiver \u0000 configurations: balanced and single-ended direct-detection receivers. We confirm \u0000 that the penalties obtained from our simple equations agree well with the measured \u0000 results.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.276
P. Han, Atul Sewaiwar, Yeon-ho Chung
A 2 Gbit/s visible-light communication (VLC) scheme using time-frequency color-clustered (TFCC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based on blue, cyan, yellow, and red (BCYR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. In the proposed scheme, BCYR LEDs are employed to form four different color clusters. Data transmission using the four color clusters is performed in MIMO, so that the scheme achieves a very high speed of data transmission. Moreover, the scheme employs the TFCC strategy to yield high performance in terms of bit error rate (BER). TFCC operates in such a way that the original data and the two delayed versions of the data are multiplied by orthogonal frequencies and then transmitted using a specific color of the BCYR LED. In the receiver, color filters are employed to detect the data transmitted from the desired cluster. Selection combining (SC) is also performed to yield a diversity effect within each color cluster, to further improve the performance. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed TFCC MIMO VLC offers a data rate of 2 Gbit/s and a bit error rate of 4×10-5, at an Eb/No value of merely 3 dB.
提出了一种基于蓝、青、黄、红(BCYR)发光二极管(led)的时频彩色聚类(TFCC)多输入多输出(MIMO)的2gbit /s可见光通信(VLC)方案。在提出的方案中，BCYR led被用来形成四种不同的色簇。该方案采用MIMO的方式对四种颜色簇进行数据传输，实现了非常高的数据传输速度。此外，该方案采用了TFCC策略，在误码率(BER)方面具有很高的性能。TFCC以这样一种方式工作，即原始数据和数据的两个延迟版本乘以正交频率，然后使用BCYR LED的特定颜色传输。在接收器中，彩色滤光片用于检测从所需集群传输的数据。选择组合(SC)也可以在每个颜色簇中产生多样性效应，以进一步提高性能。性能评估表明，所提出的TFCC MIMO VLC在Eb/No值仅为3 dB的情况下，数据速率为2 Gbit/s，误码率为4×10-5。
{"title":"2 Gbit/s VLC Scheme Using Time-Frequency Color-Clustered MIMO Based on BCYR LEDs","authors":"P. Han, Atul Sewaiwar, Yeon-ho Chung","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.2.276","url":null,"abstract":"A 2 Gbit/s visible-light communication (VLC) scheme using time-frequency color-clustered (TFCC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based on blue, cyan, yellow, and red (BCYR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. In the proposed scheme, BCYR LEDs are employed to form four different color clusters. Data transmission using the four color clusters is performed in MIMO, so that the scheme achieves a very high speed of data transmission. Moreover, the scheme employs the TFCC strategy to yield high performance in terms of bit error rate (BER). TFCC operates in such a way that the original data and the two delayed versions of the data are multiplied by orthogonal frequencies and then transmitted using a specific color of the BCYR LED. In the receiver, color filters are employed to detect the data transmitted from the desired cluster. Selection combining (SC) is also performed to yield a diversity effect within each color cluster, to further improve the performance. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed TFCC MIMO VLC offers a data rate of 2 Gbit/s and a bit error rate of 4×10-5, at an Eb/No value of merely 3 dB.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"276-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70139236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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