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Design Method for a Total Internal Reflection LED Lens with Double Freeform Surfaces for Narrow and Uniform Illumination 窄均匀照明双自由曲面全内反射LED透镜的设计方法
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.5.614
Jae Suk Yang, Jae-Hyeung Park, O. Beom-hoan, Se-Guen Park, S. G. Lee
In this paper, we propose a novel differential equation method for designing a total internal reflection (TIR) LED lens with double freeform surfaces. A complete set of simultaneous differential equations for the method is derived from the condition for minimizing the Fresnel loss, illumination models, Snell's Law of ray propagation, and a new constraint on the incident angle of a ray on the light-exiting surface of the lens. The last constraint is essential to complete the set of simultaneous differential equations. By adopting the TIR structure and applying the condition for minimizing the Fresnel loss, it is expected that the proposed TIR LED lens can have a high luminous flux efficiency, even though its beam-spread angle is narrow. To validate the proposed method, three TIR LED lenses with beam-spread angles of less than 22.6° have been designed, and their performances evaluated by ray tracing. Their luminous flux efficiencies could be obviously increased by at least 35% and 5%, compared to conventional LED lenses with a single freeform surface and with double freeform surfaces, respectively.
本文提出了一种设计双自由曲面全内反射(TIR) LED透镜的微分方程方法。从菲涅耳损耗最小的条件、光照模型、光线传播的斯涅耳定律以及光线在透镜出光表面入射角的新约束条件出发,导出了该方法的一套完整的联立微分方程。最后一个约束条件是完成联立微分方程组的必要条件。通过采用TIR结构,并应用最小菲涅耳损耗的条件,可以期望所提出的TIR LED透镜在波束展开角较窄的情况下具有较高的光通量效率。为了验证所提出的方法,设计了三个光束扩展角小于22.6°的TIR LED透镜,并通过光线追踪对其性能进行了评估。与具有单自由曲面和双自由曲面的传统LED透镜相比,它们的光通量效率可分别明显提高至少35%和5%。
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引用次数: 9
Convergence Point Adjustment Improving Visual Discomfort for a Zoom on a Stereoscopic Camera 收敛点调整改善视觉不适的变焦立体相机
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.5.633
J. Ha, D. Kim, Dong Hyun Kim
In a dual lens stereoscopic camera, a convergence point determines the stereopsis effects of a video. When a user zooms an object, a convergence point is fixed since it is not coupled with a zoom function. Due to the fixed convergence point, it is possible for a zoom to cause the excessive binocular disparity resulting in visual discomfort. In this paper, to solve this problem, we build the relational model including all phenomena possible to arise and propose the adjustment methods of a convergence point by the positions of a focus, an object and a convergence point. We also evaluate the experiments measuring a binocular disparity and the subjective test to investigate the visual comfort. The results show that one of the proposed methods produced more comfortable 3D images to viewers than the others.
在双镜头立体摄像机中,会聚点决定了视频的立体效果。当用户缩放对象时,收敛点是固定的,因为它没有与缩放功能耦合。由于聚光点固定,变焦有可能造成双眼视差过大,造成视觉不适。为了解决这一问题,我们建立了包含所有可能出现的现象的关系模型,并提出了根据焦点、物体和会聚点的位置调整会聚点的方法。我们还评估了测量双眼视差的实验和主观测试来研究视觉舒适性。结果表明,其中一种方法比其他方法产生更舒适的3D图像。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison Study of Long-haul 100-Gb/s DDO-OFDM and CO-OFDM WDM Systems 远距离100gb /s ddoofdm与CO-OFDM WDM系统的比较研究
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.5.557
Ling Liu, S. Xiao, Meihua Bi, Lu Zhang
In this paper, for the first time, the transmission performances of long-haul 100-Gb/s direct detection optical OFDM (DDO-OFDM) and coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems are compared by simulation. It provides specific guides for system parameter selection to get a high-performance and cost-effective OFDM WDM system. Specifically, the comparison involves three aspects: launched power is investigated to achieve better system performance; laser linewidth is numerically investigated to choose cost-effective laser; system dispersion tolerances with different laser linewidths are analyzed to further reveal the advantages and disadvantages of these two detecting methods, direct detection and coherent detection, in long-haul OFDM WDM system.
本文首次通过仿真比较了远距离100gb /s直接检测光OFDM (do -OFDM)和相干光OFDM (CO-OFDM)波分复用(WDM)系统的传输性能。为实现高性能、低成本的OFDM WDM系统提供了系统参数选择的具体指导。具体比较包括三个方面:对发射功率进行考察,以获得更好的系统性能;对激光线宽进行数值研究,以选择性价比高的激光器;分析了不同激光线宽下的系统色散容差,进一步揭示了直接检测和相干检测两种检测方法在远距离OFDM WDM系统中的优缺点。
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引用次数: 3
Highly Birefringent and Dispersion Compensating Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Double Line Defect Core 基于双线缺陷芯的高双折射色散补偿光子晶体光纤
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.5.567
Yong Soo Lee, Chung-Ghiu Lee, Yongmin Jung, M. Oh, Soeun Kim
We propose a highly birefringent and dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber based on a double line defect core. Using a finite element method (FEM) with a perfectly matched layer (PML), it is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain broadband large negative dispersion of about -400 to -427 ps/(nm.km) covering all optical communication bands (from O to U band) and to achieve the dispersion coefficient of -425 ps/(nm.km) at 1.55μm. In addition, the highest birefringence of the proposed PCF at 1.55 μm is 1.92 x 10-2 and the value of birefringence from the wavelength of 1.26 to 1.8 μm (covering O to U bands) is about 1.8 x 10-2 to 1.92 x 10-2. It is confirmed that from the simulation results, the confinement loss of the proposed PCF is always less than 10-3 dB/km at 1.55 μm with seven fiber rings of air holes in the cladding.
提出了一种基于双线缺陷芯的高双折射色散补偿光子晶体光纤。利用完全匹配层(PML)的有限元方法(FEM)证明,该方法可以获得覆盖所有光通信波段(从O到U波段)的-400 ~ -427 ps/(nm.km)的宽带大负色散,并在1.55μm处实现-425 ps/(nm.km)的色散系数。在1.55 μm处,PCF的最大双折射值为1.92 × 10-2,在1.26 ~ 1.8 μm波段(覆盖O ~ U波段)的双折射值约为1.8 × 10-2 ~ 1.92 × 10-2。仿真结果表明,在1.55 μm处,当包层中有7个光纤环的空气孔时,所提出的PCF的约束损耗始终小于10-3 dB/km。
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引用次数: 28
A Luminance Compensation Method Using Optical Sensors with Optimized Memory Size for High Image Quality AMOLED Displays 高图像质量AMOLED显示器的光传感器亮度补偿方法
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.5.586
Kyong-Hwan Oh, Seongkwan Hong, O. Kwon
This paper proposes a luminance compensation method using optical sensors to achieve high luminance uniformity of active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The proposed method compensates for the non-uniformity of luminance by capturing the luminance of entire pixels and extracting the characteristic parameters. Data modulation using the extracted characteristic parameters is performed to improve luminance uniformity. In addition, memory size is optimized by selecting an optimal bit depth of the extracted characteristic parameters according to the trade-off between the required memory size and luminance uniformity. To verify the proposed compensation method with the optimized memory size, a 40-inch 1920x1080 AMOLED display with a target maximum luminance of 350 cd/m2 is used. The proposed compensation method considering a 4σ range of luminance reduces luminance error from ± 38.64%, ± 36.32%, and ± 43.12% to ± 2.68%, ± 2.64%, and ± 2.76% for red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The optimal bit depth of each characteristic parameter is 6-bit and the total required memory size to achieve high luminance uniformity is 74.6 Mbits.
为实现有源矩阵有机发光二极管(AMOLED)显示器的高亮度均匀性,提出了一种利用光学传感器进行亮度补偿的方法。该方法通过捕获整个像素的亮度并提取特征参数来补偿亮度的不均匀性。利用提取的特征参数进行数据调制以改善亮度均匀性。此外,根据所需的内存大小和亮度均匀性之间的权衡,通过选择提取的特征参数的最优位深度来优化内存大小。为了验证所提出的补偿方法与优化后的内存大小,使用40英寸1920x1080 AMOLED显示器,目标最大亮度为350 cd/m2。考虑4σ范围的亮度补偿方法将红、绿、蓝的亮度误差分别从±38.64%、±36.32%和±43.12%降低到±2.68%、±2.64%和±2.76%。每个特征参数的最佳位深为6位,实现高亮度均匀性所需的总内存大小为74.6 Mbits。
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引用次数: 2
Cooling Geometry Dependent Operation Properties in a Diode End-Pumped Monolithic Yb:YAG Laser 二极管端面泵浦单片Yb:YAG激光器的冷却几何特性
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.5.593
H. Moon, C. Lim
Operation properties, such as output power, beam radius, and crystal temperature rise were investigated in a diode-pumped edge-cooled monolithic Yb:YAG laser with ~ 4 W pumping level. The output power showed saturation behavior because of severe temperature rise and poor spatial overlapping between pump beam and lasing mode. Face cooling geometry by using a sapphire plate was also investigated. No apparent saturation behavior in output power was observed due to the reduced temperature rise, which could be attributed to efficient heat removal through the crystal-sapphire interface.
研究了泵浦功率为~ 4w的二极管泵浦边冷单片Yb:YAG激光器的输出功率、光束半径和晶体温升等工作特性。由于温度升高严重,泵浦光束与激光模式之间的空间重叠较差,输出功率呈现饱和状态。研究了蓝宝石板的表面冷却几何形状。由于温升降低,输出功率没有明显的饱和行为,这可以归因于通过晶体-蓝宝石界面有效地散热。
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引用次数: 0
All-Optical Bit-Rate Flexible NRZ-to-RZ Conversion Using an SOA-Loop Mirror and a CW Holding Beam 利用soa环镜和连续波保持波束实现全光位速率灵活的nrz - rz转换
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.4.464
Hyuek-Jae Lee
All-optical non-return-to-zero (NRZ) -toreturn-to-zero (RZ) data-format conversion has been successfully demonstrated using a semiconductor optical amplifier in a fiber-loop mirror (so-called SOA-loop mirror) with a continuous-wave (CW) holding beam. The converted RZ signal after pulse compression has been used to create a 40 Gb/s OTDM (Optical Time Division Multiplexing) signal. Here is proposed an NRZ-to-RZ conversion method without any additional optical clocks, unlike conventional methods based on optical AND logic. In addition, it has the merit of operating at various bit-rate speeds without any controlling device. Moreover, it has a simple structure, and it can be used for all-optical bit-rate-flexible clock recovery.
全光非归零(NRZ) -向归零(RZ)数据格式转换已经成功地演示了使用半导体光放大器在具有连续波(CW)保持光束的光纤环镜(所谓的soa环镜)中。经过脉冲压缩后的RZ信号被用来产生40 Gb/s的OTDM(光时分复用)信号。本文提出了一种不需要任何额外光时钟的nrz - rz转换方法,与传统的基于光与逻辑的方法不同。此外,它还具有在没有任何控制设备的情况下以各种比特率速度运行的优点。此外,它结构简单,可用于全光比特率柔性时钟恢复。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Spectral Reflectance Reconstruction Based on an Algorithm for Improved Orthogonal Matching Pursuit 基于改进正交匹配追踪算法的光谱反射率重建研究
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.4.515
Leihong Zhang, Liangyu Dong, Z. Dawei, Xiumin Gao, Xiuhua Ma
Spectral reflectance is sparse in space, and while the traditional spectral-reconstruction algorithm does not make full use of this characteristic sparseness, the compressive sensing algorithm can make full use of it. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing compressive sensing based on the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, a new algorithm based on the Dice matching criterion is proposed. The Dice similarity coefficient is introduced, to calculate the correlation coefficient of the atoms and the residual error, and is used to select the atoms from a library. The accuracy of Spectral reconstruction based on the pseudo-inverse method, Wiener estimation method, OMP algorithm, and DOMP algorithm is compared by simulation on the MATLAB platform and experimental testing. The result is that spectral-reconstruction accuracy based on the DOMP algorithm is higher than for the other three methods. The root-mean-square error and color difference decreases with an increasing number of principal components. The reconstruction error decreases as the number of iterations increases. Spectral reconstruction based on the DOMP algorithm can improve the accuracy of color-information replication effectively, and high-accuracy color-information reproduction can be realized.
光谱反射率在空间上是稀疏的,传统的光谱重建算法没有充分利用这一稀疏性特征,压缩感知算法可以充分利用这一特征。本文在分析基于正交匹配追踪算法的压缩感知的基础上,提出了一种基于Dice匹配准则的压缩感知算法。引入Dice相似系数,计算原子的相关系数和残差,并用于原子库中原子的选择。通过在MATLAB平台上的仿真和实验测试,比较了基于伪逆法、维纳估计法、OMP算法和DOMP算法的频谱重建精度。结果表明,基于DOMP算法的光谱重建精度高于其他三种方法。均方根误差和色差随主成分数目的增加而减小。重构误差随着迭代次数的增加而减小。基于DOMP算法的光谱重建可以有效地提高颜色信息复制的精度,实现高精度的颜色信息复制。
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引用次数: 7
Design and Characteristic Measurement of 8000 mm Large Aperture Integrating Sphere 8000mm大孔径积分球的设计与特性测量
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.4.500
Zhao Zhang, Z. Wan, Xian-sheng Li, Hong-xing Liu, Jing-xu Sun, Ze-xun Liu, Ya-min Wang, Jianwei Ren, J. Ren
Integrating spheres play a central role in the radiometric calibration of remote sensors. With the development of the wide field of view (FOV) remote sensors, aperture diameters of remote sensors are becoming larger and larger. To satisfy the radiometric calibration requirements of full FOV and full aperture, an 8000mm diameter large aperture integrating sphere uniform source with a variable exit port was designed and manufactured. This integrating sphere will be used for pre-launch test and radiometric calibration of remote satellites. In this paper, optical theories were used to design the output spectral radiance. The LightTools software based on ray-tracing simulation method was used to determine the best combination and distribution of inner light sources. A spectral experiment was made to verify the spectral radiance design. To reduce the influence of longtime power-on, a new characteristic measurement method was developed to obtain the radiation characteristic of the integrating sphere, which could greatly improve the measuring efficiency. This method could also be applied to measure other large aperture uniform sources. The obtained results indicate that the spatial uniformity is 98.35%, and the angular uniformity at center position is 98.78%.
积分球在遥感器的辐射定标中起着核心作用。随着大视场遥感器的发展,遥感器的孔径越来越大。为满足全视场、全孔径的辐射定标要求,设计并制造了一种直径8000mm的变出口大孔径积分球均匀源。这个积分球将用于发射前测试和远程卫星的辐射校准。本文利用光学理论对输出光谱辐射进行了设计。采用基于光线追踪模拟法的LightTools软件确定内部光源的最佳组合和分布。通过光谱实验验证了光谱辐射设计的正确性。为了减少长时间通电对积分球辐射特性的影响,提出了一种新的测量积分球辐射特性的方法,大大提高了测量效率。该方法也可用于其他大口径均匀光源的测量。结果表明:空间均匀度为98.35%,中心位置角均匀度为98.78%。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of Filter Parameters on a Supercontinuum-Based All-Optical Tunable Thresholder 滤波器参数对基于超连续体的全光可调阈值的影响
Q Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.4.470
Huatao Zhu, Rong Wang, T. Pu, Tao Fang, P. Xiang, Huihui Zhu
In this paper, the effects of filter parameters on a supercontinuum-based all-optical thresholder are experimentally investigated. By tuning the filter parameters, the power transfer function and power transmission function are tailored. The experimental results show that a thresholder with short center wavelength has a better power function, and the slope in the middle level of the thresholder increases with increasing bandwidth. Through tuning the filter parameters, the thresholder can achieve a steplike power transfer function for optical thresholding, and a steplike power transmission function for optical self-switching. This makes the supercontinuum-based thresholder more flexible, and allows customization of performance to meet different demands in various applications.
本文实验研究了滤光片参数对基于超连续介质的全光阈值器的影响。通过对滤波器参数的调整,定制出功率传递函数和功率传输函数。实验结果表明,中心波长较短的阈值具有较好的幂函数性,且阈值中间水平的斜率随带宽的增加而增大。通过调整滤波器参数,该阈值器可以实现光阈值的步进功率传递函数和光自开关的步进功率传输函数。这使得基于超连续体的阈值更加灵活,并允许自定义性能以满足各种应用中的不同需求。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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