The activities within a library are combined with the library's floor plan to develop a representation of the library as a network of queues. This model can be used to predict average patron processing times and costs, as well as potential processing bottlenecks, as they are affected by demand characteristics and floor plan variations. Application of the model to an actual library is illustrated. Finally, an approach to optimal allocation of library resources within a queueing network framework is discussed.
{"title":"Application of Queueing Network Models to Optimization of Resource Allocation within Libraries","authors":"J. M. Smith, Nilliam B. Rouse","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630300503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630300503","url":null,"abstract":"The activities within a library are combined with the library's floor plan to develop a representation of the library as a network of queues. This model can be used to predict average patron processing times and costs, as well as potential processing bottlenecks, as they are affected by demand characteristics and floor plan variations. Application of the model to an actual library is illustrated. Finally, an approach to optimal allocation of library resources within a queueing network framework is discussed.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":"250-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85772956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Current Information Retrieval Research in the United Kingdom","authors":"P. Willett","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"97 1","pages":"262-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83378728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A variety of query forms used in library information systems are expressed in a generalized notation. The formal notation is based on a set‐theoretic application of the theory of relations. Three relations, the FIELD, the inverse FIELD, and the RECORD, and several compositions of these relations are defined on different sets to express the file access operations in known‐item and subject searches, browsing, and the clustering operation. Truncation and word proximity searching are also discussed, with some examples of structural choices available for implementing these operations. Advantages in development of a general notation include (1) the provision of a meta‐language for comparison of the capabilities of different information systems, and (2) the division of basic library query forms into smaller components which are related directly to the computer systems analyst's design choices of file structure and access methods.
{"title":"A Notation for Describing the Components of Library Information Systems","authors":"Karen Momenee","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330505","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of query forms used in library information systems are expressed in a generalized notation. The formal notation is based on a set‐theoretic application of the theory of relations. Three relations, the FIELD, the inverse FIELD, and the RECORD, and several compositions of these relations are defined on different sets to express the file access operations in known‐item and subject searches, browsing, and the clustering operation. Truncation and word proximity searching are also discussed, with some examples of structural choices available for implementing these operations. Advantages in development of a general notation include (1) the provision of a meta‐language for comparison of the capabilities of different information systems, and (2) the division of basic library query forms into smaller components which are related directly to the computer systems analyst's design choices of file structure and access methods.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"270-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88652218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are moving toward a postindustrial society in which knowledge and information are strategic resources. Central to this society are information, communication, and computer technology implying social changes, which in turn imply major policy questions. There is a need to consider the present and future effect of large-scale computerization on the individual's rights, style of life, method of work, and the ways in which society and institutions operate.
{"title":"Computers and the Postindustrial Society: Symbiosis or Information Tyranny?","authors":"S. Artandi","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330509","url":null,"abstract":"We are moving toward a postindustrial society in which knowledge and information are strategic resources. Central to this society are information, communication, and computer technology implying social changes, which in turn imply major policy questions. There is a need to consider the present and future effect of large-scale computerization on the individual's rights, style of life, method of work, and the ways in which society and institutions operate.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"302-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81894788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cited documents are concept symbols, that Is, authors cite works which embody ideas they discuss in their papers. Many documents are standard symbols for a single concept, but others are used in connection with multiple concepts. This study, which reviews such a case, reveals the cause of split citation identity: the use of the same document by different networks of researchers. In this case study, citations to a 1948 paper by Lawrence Klein and Herman Rubin are analyzed. The paper introduced the linear expenditure system. In the period 1975–1977, it was being used in connection with two different phrases and two different bibliographic references by two networks of researchers, one dealing with consumer demand systems and the other with the extended linear expenditure system. This article discusses the implications of split citation identity for the analysis of citations to individual articles.
{"title":"Split Citation Identity: A Case Study from Economics","authors":"S. Cozzens","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330407","url":null,"abstract":"Cited documents are concept symbols, that Is, authors cite works which embody ideas they discuss in their papers. Many documents are standard symbols for a single concept, but others are used in connection with multiple concepts. This study, which reviews such a case, reveals the cause of split citation identity: the use of the same document by different networks of researchers. In this case study, citations to a 1948 paper by Lawrence Klein and Herman Rubin are analyzed. The paper introduced the linear expenditure system. In the period 1975–1977, it was being used in connection with two different phrases and two different bibliographic references by two networks of researchers, one dealing with consumer demand systems and the other with the extended linear expenditure system. This article discusses the implications of split citation identity for the analysis of citations to individual articles.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75618798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Random samples of monographic materials from American and Canadian public libraries were matched with the collections of similar libraries of different sizes. Materials with a publication date earlier than 1970 were excluded in order to reduce the sample size, to minimize the effects of comparing older and newer libraries, and to increase the relevance of the findings for resource sharing through contemporary on-line computer-based networks. A strong positive correlation appears to exist between percentage find rate and target library size, with regression analysis suggesting linearity over a wide range of collection sizes.
{"title":"Collection Overlap as a Function of Library Size: A Comparison of American and Canadian Public Libraries","authors":"Charles H. Davis, Debora Shaw","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630300105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630300105","url":null,"abstract":"Random samples of monographic materials from American and Canadian public libraries were matched with the collections of similar libraries of different sizes. Materials with a publication date earlier than 1970 were excluded in order to reduce the sample size, to minimize the effects of comparing older and newer libraries, and to increase the relevance of the findings for resource sharing through contemporary on-line computer-based networks. A strong positive correlation appears to exist between percentage find rate and target library size, with regression analysis suggesting linearity over a wide range of collection sizes.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78537231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the first of two articles that report on the development, testing, and evaluation of the Individualized Instruction for Data Access System (IIDA). IIDA is an ex. ample of a class of computer systems which serve as intermediaries, enabling their users to perform a complex task on another computer, and which are coming to be known as expert systems. The system was designed to encourage end users of information retrieval systems to perform their own searches by (1) instructing them in how to search, using computer‐assisted instruction, and (2) assisting with the performance of the search by providing diagnostic analyses of the users' performance as well as answering their questions about how to use system commands. The system's design is described, as well as the various tests of its performance and the evaluation of test results. The conclusion is drawn that end users can become successful searchers through such an assistant, for the kinds of searches tested.
{"title":"A Computer Intermediary for Interactive Database Searching. I. Design","authors":"C. T. Meadow, T. Hewett, E. Aversa","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330514","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first of two articles that report on the development, testing, and evaluation of the Individualized Instruction for Data Access System (IIDA). IIDA is an ex. ample of a class of computer systems which serve as intermediaries, enabling their users to perform a complex task on another computer, and which are coming to be known as expert systems. The system was designed to encourage end users of information retrieval systems to perform their own searches by (1) instructing them in how to search, using computer‐assisted instruction, and (2) assisting with the performance of the search by providing diagnostic analyses of the users' performance as well as answering their questions about how to use system commands. The system's design is described, as well as the various tests of its performance and the evaluation of test results. The conclusion is drawn that end users can become successful searchers through such an assistant, for the kinds of searches tested.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89646310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of journal article coverage of the preclinical sciences by Science Citation Index (SCI) was done. Journal article references from 70 dissertations written in anatomy, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology were checked against the author section of the Source Index to deter. mine coverage. Of the 5795 references cited from 1964 to 1977, SCI indexed 5495 of them (94.8%). Of the 300 references not indexed, 282 were to journal titles not indexed by SCI at the time they were published. There were only 18 references which were missed although the journal titles were covered. Science Citation Index should be considered a prime source of journal references when searching the preclinical science literature.
{"title":"Science Citation Index's Coverage of the Preclinical Science Literature","authors":"R. K. Poyer","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330512","url":null,"abstract":"A study of journal article coverage of the preclinical sciences by Science Citation Index (SCI) was done. Journal article references from 70 dissertations written in anatomy, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology were checked against the author section of the Source Index to deter. mine coverage. Of the 5795 references cited from 1964 to 1977, SCI indexed 5495 of them (94.8%). Of the 300 references not indexed, 282 were to journal titles not indexed by SCI at the time they were published. There were only 18 references which were missed although the journal titles were covered. Science Citation Index should be considered a prime source of journal references when searching the preclinical science literature.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"317-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90410160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a method for identifying good indexing terms from frequently occurring stems. The method uses discriminant analysis to distinguish terms that refer to topics from general terms that do not refer to topics. The steps in the method are the selection of discriminating variables, the calibration of predefined groups and the derivation of discriminant functions from them, and the classification of a second, unknown set of terms and its evaluation. The method is tested by applying it to the Harris Survey Question database, which covers 121 different surveys and includes the text of over 12, 000 Individual questions. The evaluation demonstrates the success of the method.
{"title":"The Use of Discriminant Analysis to Select Content-Bearing Words","authors":"M. Dillon, Peggy Federhart","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630330409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330409","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a method for identifying good indexing terms from frequently occurring stems. The method uses discriminant analysis to distinguish terms that refer to topics from general terms that do not refer to topics. The steps in the method are the selection of discriminating variables, the calibration of predefined groups and the derivation of discriminant functions from them, and the classification of a second, unknown set of terms and its evaluation. The method is tested by applying it to the Harris Survey Question database, which covers 121 different surveys and includes the text of over 12, 000 Individual questions. The evaluation demonstrates the success of the method.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78347605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article attempts to reconstruct, from the material available to the author, the concept of the national system of scientific, technical, and organizational information in Poland. A new approach to the system was formally introduced in 1974 and is now a subject of extensive debate among Polish librarians and information specialists. The network might be of interest to some Western readers for its unique scope, and for its professional and political implications.
{"title":"National Network of Information in Poland","authors":"J. Z. Nitecki","doi":"10.1002/asi.4630300506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630300506","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to reconstruct, from the material available to the author, the concept of the national system of scientific, technical, and organizational information in Poland. A new approach to the system was formally introduced in 1974 and is now a subject of extensive debate among Polish librarians and information specialists. The network might be of interest to some Western readers for its unique scope, and for its professional and political implications.","PeriodicalId":50013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"274-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78366702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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