Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"Evidence of Skill Transferability From Training in Virtual Reality Robotic Surgery Simulators to Nonvirtual Environments: A Systematic Review","authors":"Krishnamurti MA Sarmento Jr PhD ,&nbsp;Walter B Vidal Filho PhD ,&nbsp;Hugo NA França MD ,&nbsp;Luca C Rocha MD ,&nbsp;Maria L Sampaio MD ,&nbsp;Andre LL Sampaio PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Synthesize evidence on (1) transfer of skills acquired with virtual reality robotic surgery simulators (VR-RSS) to nonvirtual settings, (2) equivalence or noninferiority versus nonvirtual training, and (3) downstream clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>PRISMA-conformant systematic review with a prospectively registered protocol. Risk of bias was appraised with RoB 2 (RCTs) and ROBINS-I (nonrandomized studies); certainty of evidence used GRADE with an imprecision adaptation (decision-threshold confidence intervals and scaled optimal information size).</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Searches of major bibliographic databases and grey sources through September 2025; studies conducted in academic skills labs, simulation centers, or clinical environments, with nonvirtual outcome assessments (bench/animal/cadaveric tasks, simulated or live operations, or patient outcomes).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Medical students, surgical residents, or practicing surgeons trained on commercially available VR-RSS devices and evaluated on nonvirtual tasks or clinical endpoints.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five studies met criteria (13 randomized, 5 nonrandomized comparatives, 7 single-group pre/post). Across designs, VR-RSS training improved proximal nonvirtual performance—faster task completion, fewer errors, and higher GEARS/OSATS/GOALS scores. Two randomized trials found no important difference versus control; these null results were internally coherent and did not contradict the overall direction of benefit. Evidence for translation to live operative performance or patient-level outcomes was limited and heterogeneous. Risk of bias varied—generally lower in recent randomized trials—while imprecision was pervasive due to small samples, absent confidence intervals, and undefined minimally important differences. Overall certainty was low–moderate for educational outcomes and low for clinical endpoints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VR-RSS improves proximal nonvirtual technical performance and merits integration within structured curricula. Claims of equivalence to nonvirtual training and of patient-level benefit remain provisional. Preregistered, adequately powered trials with blinded, standardized nonvirtual endpoints and explicit decision thresholds are needed to establish educational and clinical value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 3","pages":"Article 103833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Imposter Phenomenon on Residents in Surgical Specialties:A Scoping Review","authors":"Andrew J. Gaetano BS ,&nbsp;Maya V. Roytman ,&nbsp;Eisa Razzak ,&nbsp;Maha L. Khan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Huggins ,&nbsp;Mitchell J. Christiansen ,&nbsp;Mary K. Mulcahey MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature on imposter phenomenon (IP) among residents in surgical specialties to determine its prevalence, examine differences across demographics (e.g., gender, race, age, year in training), and explore its qualitative effects on mental health and wellbeing.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Eligible sources included peer-reviewed articles, conference abstracts, and commentaries; systematic reviews were excluded. Literature searches were conducted in APA PsychINFO, Embase, the AAMC’s MedEdPortal, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection using keywords related to IP and surgical trainees. The literature search was performed in October 2024 and updated in May 2025. Screening and full-text review were performed independently and in duplicate using Covidence, with discrepancies resolved by consensus.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Various academic and clinical training environments within the U.S.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Study participants were surgical residents in U.S.-based training programs. Inclusion criteria required that studies report on either the prevalence or psychological effects of IP among surgical residents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3249 studies identified, 2346 titles and abstracts were screened, and 46 full-text articles reviewed. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. IP was highly prevalent among surgical residents, with women residents reporting higher rates. Identified associations included burnout (2 studies), anxiety (2), emotional exhaustion (1), lower self-compassion (1), and suicidal ideation (1). Several studies recommended strategies to mitigate IP, such as mentorship, coaching, inclusive environments, and education especially for high-risk groups such as women and underrepresented residents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IP is highly prevalent among surgical residents and associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Targeted interventions such as mentorship, coaching, and culturally responsive support are needed to address the psychological burden of IP and promote wellbeing in surgical residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 3","pages":"Article 103836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Attainment in Higher Surgical Training: A Systematic Review of Contributing Factors And Interventions","authors":"Jaspreet Kaur Seehra BSc(Hons), MBChB, MSc(Ed), MRCS(Ed),&nbsp;Tristan Boam FRCS(PaedSurg),&nbsp;Ricky Ellis MBChB, MRCS, PhD,&nbsp;Brett Doleman MBChB, PhD,&nbsp;Jonathan Lund PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Differential attainment (DA) reflects persistent disparities in surgical training outcomes across gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status and has been increasingly recognized in surgical training. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on contributory factors and evaluate interventions designed to mitigate DA in higher surgical training.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered on the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/RC54V). Inclusion criteria comprised studies focusing on causes or solutions to DA in higher surgical training. Exclusion criteria included studies not exploring causes/solutions, studies focused solely on faculty, and non-peer reviewed literature. MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus were searched (2004-2024). Eligible studies analyzing contributory factors or interventions targeting DA were included. Quality was appraised using CASP, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, or MMAT tools. A thematic synthesis categorized findings at individual, institutional and systemic levels. No external funding was received for this study.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Forty-three studies met inclusion criteria, including 33 quantitative, 6 qualitative, and 4 mixed-methods studies. Common contributors to DA included gender and ethnic disparities, burnout, financial barriers, work-life balance, and workplace harassment. Interventions such as structured mentorship, financial support, competency-based assessment, and anti-harassment policies were frequently proposed. However, few were formally evaluated or co-designed with affected trainees. No studies provided conclusive evidence of reduction in DA outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Despite widespread recognition, DA in surgical training remains poorly addressed. Most interventions are unevaluated, under-theorized, and not co-designed with affected trainees. Systematic, evidence-based approaches are urgently needed to achieve equity in surgical education. This review provides actionable insights for surgical educators, policymakers, and training programs aiming to achieve equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EQIP 2023-2025: Increased Usability and Sustainability","authors":"Amit R.T. Joshi MD ,&nbsp;Andrew Krumm PhD ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Relles MD ,&nbsp;Kristen Conrad-Schnetz DO ,&nbsp;Kyla Terhune MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Brian George MD ,&nbsp;Jennifer Choi MD ,&nbsp;David T. Harrington MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the collaborative efforts that improved the Educational Quality Improvement Program (EQIP) between 2023 and 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>EQIP was formed by the Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS) in 2018 as a continuous educational quality improvement program. After a successful proof-of-concept completed in 2021 to 2022, EQIP’s underlying infrastructure was transitioned to the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning (SIMPL). A data-ingestion process and reporting platform were iteratively developed over 2 years in collaboration with participating programs. User-centered design strategies were used to develop both data-ingestion and reporting tools.</div></div><div><h3>Setting &amp; Participants</h3><div>Ten surgical training programs provided design ideas and iterative feedback on data upload and reporting processes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EQIP was sustainably strengthened in the 2023 to 2025 academic years. Data from the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the American Board of Surgery (ABS), and the Electronic Resident Application Service (ERAS) were merged with manually entered data for 36 programs. Feedback from participating programs emphasized the ease of the data upload process. Previously documented challenges with identifying trainees across different transition points (e.g., UME to GME) and between organizations were experienced. Lastly, an additional emphasis around allowing program directors to explore their own data was identified. While a founding premise of EQIP was to generate benchmark data that individual programs could use to set goals, additional data analysis and reporting needs around understanding trainees across multiple data points were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The APDS, in partnership with SIMPL, demonstrated that a secure database to support continuous quality improvement in surgical education can be successfully deployed. EQIP will continue to improve and hopes to increase the number of programs who can participate in iterative, collaborative improvement work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Organ Laparoscopic Training System: A Novel Ex-Vivo Laparoscopic Simulator","authors":"Bo Tang MD ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Shibo Pang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Yang ,&nbsp;Yuanhong Nie ,&nbsp;Yaoxing Ren ,&nbsp;Shanpei Wang PhD ,&nbsp;Feng Ma PhD ,&nbsp;Nana Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Yi Lv PhD ,&nbsp;Dinghui Dong PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous <em>ex vivo</em> laparoscopic simulators have presented limitations in mimicking the thoracic and abdominal environment and lacked a teaching component. Therefore, we developed a complete organ laparoscopic training system (COLTS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The COLTS consists of complete clusters of living organs representing abdomen and thorax, a training platform, a specific circulation solution, and a teaching module. Twelve experts assessed the COLTS in terms of its simulation of the surgical environment and intervention using a Likert scale questionnaire. Twelve residents were randomly assigned groups with or without the teaching module. Trainees assessed COLTS and underwent performance evaluations based on operating time, blood loss, adverse events, and economy of movement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experts confirmed the ability of the COLTS to simulate the surgical environment and vessel pulse. All trainees positively evaluated the educational value of the COLTS. With the help of the teaching module, the trainees were more confident in the use of instruments (4.83 ± 0.41 vs. 3.83±0.98, p <em>=</em> 0.044) and positioning of trocars (4.67 ± 0.52 vs. 3.50 ± 0.84, p <em>=</em> 0.016) than were the trainees in the control group. Additionally, the teaching module group obtained better performance scores in terms of operation time (p <em>=</em> 0.008), reduced blood loss (p <em>=</em> 0.035), adverse events (p <em>=</em> 0.019), and economy of movement (p <em>=</em> 0.040), compared with the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The COLTS is a useful and promising laparoscopic training system that simulates the thoracic and abdominal region. Furthermore, the teaching module can significantly improve the performance and participation of trainees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warm-up in Surgery: Impact on Operative Performance: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis","authors":"Vergilius José Furtado de Araujo Neto ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Marcus Cunha Frati ,&nbsp;Breno Cordeiro Porto ,&nbsp;Everson Luiz de Almeida Artifon ,&nbsp;José Pinhata Otoch ,&nbsp;José Arnaldo Shiomi da Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of surgical warm-up on operative performance through a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><div>This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials, and it was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251127516).</div></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><div>Academic and teaching hospitals worldwide, involving surgical training environments with simulation and real procedures.</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><div>Medical students, residents, and surgeons included across eligible randomized trials.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Warm-up significantly reduced operative time. Trial sequential analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings, indicating that sufficient information is already available in the literature to consider this outcome reliable without the immediate need for further trials.. Secondary outcomes showed improvements in tissue handling, psychomotor skills, and task flow.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Surgical warm-up appears to be an effective, low-cost strategy to optimize technical performance, particularly in training contexts. Future multicenter trials should define optimal warm-up duration, method, and implementation in surgical curricula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression Among Incoming Ophthalmology Trainees","authors":"Karthik Reddy BS ,&nbsp;Jaqueline Stoutin MD ,&nbsp;Zhuo Zhao MS ,&nbsp;Anjali R. Shah MD ,&nbsp;Srijan Sen MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Amy D. Zhang MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>Early medical training affects the mental health of residents. New-onset depression during internship persists beyond training and affects attrition, career satisfaction, and physician suicide. This study investigated depression rates among interns entering ophthalmology training and the relationship to work-related factors.</div></div><div><h3>DESIGN</h3><div>Prospective, multicenter cohort study. Interns were recruited since 2015 and participated in longitudinal assessments before and during their internship. Exposures included time in residency (measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of intern year), work hours, and sleep hours.</div></div><div><h3>SETTING</h3><div>This study was conducted at several institutional academic tertiary care centers located within the United States.</div></div><div><h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3><div>A population-based sample of 98 ophthalmology residents from the Intern Health Study (IHS) from July 2015 to June 2023 who reported their status in ophthalmology residency were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES</h3><div>Validated measures of depression [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)] at preinternship and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of residency before the start of dedicated ophthalmology training. Outcomes included the proportion of ophthalmology-entering interns with major depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10), changes in mean PHQ-9 scores, and the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and mean work and sleep hours.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Of the 98 ophthalmology-bound interns (41 [41.8%] with self-reported depression at any timepoint prior to enrollment) included in the study, 3 (3.1%) had major depression on baseline assessment (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). 32 (32.7%) experienced major depression during the internship period. Approximately one-quarter of interns experienced depression in the month prior to starting dedicated ophthalmology training (postgraduate year 2, PGY-2).</div><div>Preinternship mean PHQ-9 score (2.7 [95% CI, 1.6-3.8]) was significantly less than scores at 3 months (5.9 [95% CI, 4.6-7.2]), 6 months (6.1 [95% CI, 4.6-7.6]), 9 months (5.6 [95% CI, 4.3-6.9]), and 12 months (6.0 [95% CI, 4.4-7.5]). History of depression was not significantly predictive of PHQ-9 scores (<em>p</em> = 0.66). Every additional hour of sleep was predictive of a 1.6-point decrease on the PHQ-9 (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>In this prospective multicenter study, there is a rise in depressive symptoms during internship, and these symptoms persist throughout the year. Nearly one-quarter of residents were depressed in the month prior to entering dedicated ophthalmology training (PGY-2). These findings highlight the need to address the mental health of early ophthalmology trainees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Technical Skill Acquisition And Reducing Evaluation Bias Through Simulation-Based Vascular Anastomosis Training Using Blinded Video Analysis","authors":"Jorge Sulca Flores BS ,&nbsp;Kenneth Lynch PhD, APRN ,&nbsp;Carla C. Moreira MD ,&nbsp;Adena J. Osband MD ,&nbsp;Peter Soden MD ,&nbsp;Katherine MacCallum MD ,&nbsp;Thomas Carruthers MD ,&nbsp;Christina Raker ScD ,&nbsp;Ashlie Haas-Rodriguez BS ,&nbsp;Thomas Miner MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of video replay in simulation-based vascular anastomosis training on technical skill acquisition, alignment between resident self-assessments and faculty evaluations, and reduction of potential evaluator bias.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Over the course of 3 years, 31 PGY-2 general surgery residents completed a 7-week structured vascular anastomosis training program at a single academic institution. Training included simulation-based practice and video-recorded pre- and post-test performances of end-to-side anastomoses. Two independent surgical attendings reviewed blinded videos; residents conducted unblinded self-assessments. Performance was evaluated using a modified Mini-Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (MOSAT) and a Global Rating Scale (GRS), with a total score of 62. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Significant improvements were observed in both self-assessed and faculty assessed technical scores (p &lt; 0.0001). Residents’ self-assessments increased from a mean of 29.1 to 46.6 (p &lt; 0.0001), while attending scores rose from 29.6 to 49.9 (p &lt; 0.0001). Mean leak volume decreased by 15.3 mL (p &lt; 0.0001), while completion time showed no significant change. At baseline, no differences were found between resident and attending scores. Post-test, attendings rated resident performance significantly higher than residents did in GRS and overall scores (p = 0.024 and p = 0.033, respectively), particularly in domains such as flow of operation and instrument handling. At pre-test, attending scores rated female residents significantly higher than male residents in anastomosis (p = 0.024) and overall score (p = 0.040). Post-test, no significant gender differences were observed in any category or in overall scores (p = 0.541).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Simulation-based vascular training using blinded video replay has been shown to improve technical skills significantly and may reduce gender-based evaluation bias. Despite access to performance footage, residents tend to underestimate their abilities compared to faculty assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application Value of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technology in Liver Surgery Teaching","authors":"Haixiong Zhang,&nbsp;Xianbo Wu,&nbsp;Fa Luo,&nbsp;Jianfeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>To explore the application value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology in liver surgery teaching.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 50 physicians rotating through the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital between January 2023 and June 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to a traditional teaching group (<em>n</em> = 25) or a 3D teaching group (<em>n</em> = 25). The 3D teaching group utilized 3D reconstruction technology to create dynamic liver models, combined with virtual surgical planning and surgical videos for teaching, while the traditional teaching group used conventional anatomical atlases, physical models, and surgical videos. Both groups received instruction from senior attending physicians, with consistent faculty, syllabi, clinical cases, and total teaching hours. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated through standardized assessments and questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Standardized assessments revealed significantly higher written test scores, practical operation scores, and total scores in the 3D group compared to the traditional group (p &lt; 0.001). Questionnaire results indicated that the 3D teaching group scored significantly higher in 5 core dimensions, including teaching method satisfaction, learning interest stimulation, knowledge acquisition efficiency, learning motivation, and content mastery (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>3D reconstruction technology significantly enhances student learning motivation and facilitates a shift in teaching methodology from traditional passive knowledge acquisition towards a novel model of active exploratory learning. This interactive approach holds promise as a core teaching methodology for standardized liver surgery education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Cardiothoracic Surgery Training Pathways: Three Decades of Evolution","authors":"Nayeem Nasher ,&nbsp;Faizaan Siddique ,&nbsp;Daler Rahimov ,&nbsp;Olugbenga Okusanya ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Evans ,&nbsp;Joseph E Bavaria ,&nbsp;Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery training pathways in the United States have undergone considerable changes to keep up with changing demands and interest in the field. We sought to characterize the temporal factors and trends in CT surgery training over the past 3 decades to inform prospective trainees interested in CT surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) database was leveraged for the thoracic surgery match data in the US between 1995 and 2025. Match years were categorized into Era 1 (1995-2003), Era 2 (2004-2014), and Era 3 (2015-2025), as visually informed by using a stacked area chart. Statistical analyses were performed according to distributions between eras and training pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During Era 1, fellowship applicants declined, but consistently exceeded the number of positions available, yielding 92.8% of programs filled with an applicant match rate of 80.8%. Era 2 saw a marked decline in the number of applicants, with a steady decline in available positions, resulting in 78.2% of positions filled. There was no significant difference in USMD and non-USMD applicant match rates during this period (92.6% vs 89.9%, p = 0.052). Era 3 was characterized by a rising number of applicants for CT surgery fellowship and a stable number of positions offered, with 98.2% of positions filled and a match rate of 66.0%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current trends in CT surgery training may signal the beginning of an era where CT surgery training may be equally selective regardless of the training pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}