Journal of Renal Nutrition最新文献_第7页

Still a Long Way to Go, the Potential of ChatGPT in Personalized Dietary Prescription, From a Perspective of a Clinical Dietitian 从临床营养师的角度来看，ChatGPT在个性化饮食处方方面的潜力还有很长的路要走。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.008

Qian You MS, Xuemei Li MM, Lei Shi PhD, Zhiyong Rao PhD, Wen Hu MS

Objective

Prominent large language models, such as OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), have shown promising implementation in the field of nutrition. Special care should be taken when using ChatGPT to prescribe protein-restricted diets for kidney-impaired patients. The objective of the current study is to simulate a chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient and evaluate the capabilities of ChatGPT in the context of dietary prescription, with a focus on protein contents of the diet.

Methods

We simulated a scenario involving a CKD patient and replicated a clinical counseling session that covered general dietary principles, dietary assessment, energy and protein recommendation, dietary prescription, and diet customization based on dietary culture. To confirm the results derived from our qualitative observations, 10 colleagues were recruited and provided with identical dietary prescription prompts to run the process again. The actual energy and protein levels of the given meal plans were recorded and the difference from the targets were compared.

Results

ChatGPT provides general principles overall aligning with best practices. The recommendations for energy and protein requirements of CKD patients were tailored and satisfactory. It failed to prescribe a reliable diet based on the target energy and protein requirements. For the quantitative analysis, the prescribed energy levels were generally lower than the targets, ranging from −28.9% to −17.0%, and protein contents were tremendously higher than the targets, ranging from 59.3% to 157%.

Conclusion

ChatGPT is competent in offering generic dietary advice, giving satisfactory nutrients recommendations and adapting cuisines to different cultures but failed to prescribe nutritionally accurate dietary plans for CKD patients. At present, patients with strict protein and other particular nutrient restrictions are not recommended to rely on the dietary plans prescribed by ChatGPT to avoid potential health risks.

背景：著名的大型语言模型，如OpenAI的ChatGPT，在营养领域已经显示出很好的实现前景。当使用ChatGPT为肾功能受损患者开蛋白限制饮食处方时，应特别注意。当前研究的目的是模拟慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者，并评估ChatGPT在饮食处方背景下的能力，重点是饮食中的蛋白质含量。方法：我们模拟了一个涉及CKD患者的场景，并复制了一个临床咨询会议，包括一般饮食原则、饮食评估、能量和蛋白质推荐、饮食处方和基于饮食文化的饮食定制。为了证实我们定性观察的结果，我们招募了10位同事，并向他们提供了相同的饮食处方提示，让他们再次进行这个过程。记录给定膳食计划的实际能量和蛋白质水平，并比较与目标的差异。结果：ChatGPT提供了与最佳实践总体一致的一般原则。对CKD患者能量和蛋白质需求的建议是量身定制的，令人满意。它没有根据目标能量和蛋白质需求制定可靠的饮食。定量分析中，规定能量值普遍低于指标，范围为-28.9% ~ -17.0%，蛋白质含量显著高于指标，范围为157% ~ 59.3%。结论：ChatGPT有能力提供通用的饮食建议，提供令人满意的营养建议和适应不同文化的菜肴，但未能为CKD患者开出营养准确的饮食计划。目前，对蛋白质和其他特定营养素有严格限制的患者不建议依赖ChatGPT提供的饮食计划，以避免潜在的健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Plant-Based Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 植物性饮食与慢性肾病：系统回顾与元分析》。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.03.002

Zihan Dang EdD , Yifan He MD , Ruiqian Xie PhD , Peilin Chen MSc , Fengyu Dong EdD

Objective

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the impact of plant-based diet (PBD) on chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted from inception to August 2023 to evaluate the association between adopting a PBD and the incidence, progression, and mortality of CKD. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. This meta-analysis was preregistered in the PROSPERO.

Results

A total of 121,927 participants were included, aged between 18 and 74 years, and were followed up for a weighted average of 11.2 years. Adopting PBD is associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing CKD OR = 0.75, 95% CI (0.65-0.86), P < .0001] across 93,857 participants. Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses that examined higher quintiles/quartiles (Q2-Q5) and tertiles (T2-T3) of PBD versus Q1/T1, with overall effect measures of 0.92 (95% CI; 0.86-0.98) and 0.88 (95% CI; 0.82-0.93), respectively. When adjusting for CKD-related comorbidities in patients following PBD (adjusted models M1, M2, and M3), significant findings were also observed, with an overall OR of 0.86 (95% CI; 0.79-0.93).

Conclusion

Adopting PBD was significantly associated with 26% lower incidences of CKD. Higher intake of PBD showed a dose-dependent relationship with lower risk of CKD incidence and slower CKD progression. Unhealthy PBD may not confer renal protective effects compared to healthy PBD.

目的：我们旨在进行一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以评估植物性饮食（PBD）对慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）的影响。方法：系统检索PubMed和Embase，从成立到2023年8月，评估采用PBD与CKD发病率、进展和死亡率之间的关系。使用随机效应模型估计优势比（ORs）和95%置信区间（ci）。该荟萃分析已在PROSPERO中预先登记。结果：共纳入121,927名参与者，年龄在18 - 74岁之间，加权平均随访11.2年。采用PBD与CKD发生风险显著降低相关OR=0.75, 95% CI(0.65, 0.86)，结论：采用PBD与CKD发病率降低26%显著相关。较高的PBD摄入量与较低的CKD发病率和较慢的CKD进展呈剂量依赖关系。与健康PBD相比，不健康PBD可能不具有肾脏保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Centers for Nutritional Care: A Further Step to Improve Health-care Quality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease 营养保健中心：进一步提高慢性肾脏疾病患者的保健质量。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.05.001

Giacomo Garibotto MD, Linda W. Moore PhD, RDN, CCRP

引用次数: 0

Low Plasma Marine N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids are Associated With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients Treated With Maintenance Hemodialysis 低血浆海洋 N-3 多不饱和脂肪酸与维持性血液透析患者心血管事件风险增加有关。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.001

Caroline Liboriussen MD , Louis Nygaard MD , Jens Dam Jensen MD, PhD , Erik Berg Schmidt MD, DMSc , Rie Io Glerup MD, PhD , My Hanna Sofia Svensson MD, PhD

Objective

This study investigated the association between the plasma marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality in patients treated with hemodialysis.

Methods

Prospective multicenter cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. Primary outcome was CV events and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and each component of CV events. The sum of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was expressed as marine n-3 PUFAs in weight percentage (wt%). The population was divided into tertiles according to plasma n-3 PUFA levels: lower tertile <5.06 wt%, middle tertile 5.06-6.52 wt%, and upper tertile >6.52 wt%.

Results

In total, 336 patients were included. Median follow-up was 5.05 (5.02-5.07) years. Generally, the lower tertile was associated with a higher risk of CV events. Unadjusted, the middle tertile was associated with a 36% lower risk of CV events [hazard ratio (HR) 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.96)], and the upper tertile was associated with a 34% lower risk of CV events [HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.44-0.98)]. After adjusting for confounders, the middle tertile was associated with a lower risk of CV events [HR 0.60 (95% CI 0.40-0.92)], peripheral arterial disease [HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.22-0.88)], and all-cause mortality [HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.42-0.86)]. A restricted cubic spline showed that the CV risk was higher in patients with levels below the median of 5.7 wt%, indicating a potential threshold effect.

Conclusion

Low plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were associated with a higher risk of CV events, peripheral arterial disease, and all-cause mortality in patients treated with hemodialysis.

目的：探讨血液透析（HD）患者血浆n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）与心血管（CV）事件和全因死亡率的关系。方法：前瞻性多中心队列研究，随访5年。主要结局是心血管事件，次要结局是全因死亡率和心血管事件的各个组成部分。血浆EPA和DHA的总和以海洋n-3 PUFAs的重量百分比（wt%）表示。根据血浆n-3 PUFA水平将种群分为三类：低三类为6.52 wt%。结果：共纳入336例患者。中位随访时间为5.05（5.02-5.07）年。一般来说，较低的分值与较高的心血管事件风险相关。未经调整，中位数与心血管事件风险降低36%相关[HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.43-0.96)]，中位数与心血管事件风险降低34%相关[HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.44-0.98)]。在调整混杂因素后，中位数与较低的心血管事件风险[HR 0.60 (95% CI 0.40-0.92)]、外周动脉疾病（PAD） [HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.22-0.88)]和全因死亡率[HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.42-0.86)]相关。限制三次样条显示，低于中位数5.7%的患者的CV风险更高，表明存在潜在的阈值效应。结论：低血浆海洋n-3 PUFA水平与HD患者心血管事件、PAD和全因死亡率升高相关。

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引用次数: 0

Short Report: Influence of Dark Chocolate Intake on Magnesium Status in Hemodialysis Patients 短报告：黑巧克力摄入对血液透析患者镁状态的影响。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.002

Julie Ann Kemp PhD , Susane Fanton MSc , Beatriz G. Baptista MSc , Marcia Ribeiro MSc , Ludmila F.M.F. Cardozo PhD , Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves PhD , Denise Mafra PhD

Objective

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) deficiency can be observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased inflammation, disease progression, and mortality. Dark chocolate is an excellent source of Mg²⁺. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 70% cocoa chocolate intake on Mg²⁺ serum levels in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

These are secondary analyses from a previous controlled pilot study. The study included 59 patients undergoing HD. Patients were allocated into 2 groups: dark chocolate and the control group. The dark chocolate group received 40 g of 70% cocoa chocolate for 2 months during HD sessions (3 times a week). The control group did not receive any intervention. Mg²⁺ was evaluated by a colorimetric test using a commercial kit (Bioclin®). NCT04600258 on March 1, 2020, retrospectively registered.

Results

Thirty-five patients in the dark chocolate group (17 women, 53.4 ± 12.9 years) and 11 in the control group (4 women, 46.7 ± 10.9 years) completed the study. The median (interquartile range) overall Mg²⁺ serum levels were 2.4 (0.4) mg/dL, with no significant differences between the groups. After 2 months of supplementation, serum levels of Mg²⁺ increased significantly in the dark chocolate group from 2.5 (2.4˗2.6) to 2.7 (2.6˗2.8) mg/dL (P < .01). No change was observed in potassium and phosphorus plasma levels.

Conclusions

Dark chocolate might be a promising nutritional strategy to improve Mg²⁺ levels in patients with CKD on HD. The offered dose was safe, not altering plasma phosphorus and potassium levels.

目的：慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者会出现镁（Mg2+）缺乏症，并与炎症、疾病进展和死亡率增加有关。黑巧克力是镁的最佳来源。本研究旨在评估摄入 70% 可可巧克力对接受血液透析（HD）的慢性肾脏病患者血清镁水平的影响。研究包括 59 名接受血液透析的患者。患者被分为两组：巧克力组和对照组。巧克力组在两个月的时间里，在血液透析过程中服用 40 克 70% 可可巧克力（每周 3 次）。对照组不接受任何干预。通过使用商业试剂盒（Bioclin®）进行比色测试来评估 Mg2+。[结果：巧克力组 35 名患者（17 名女性，53.4 ± 12.9 岁）和对照组 11 名患者（4 名女性，46.7 ± 10.9 岁）完成了研究。总体 Mg2+ 血清水平的中位数（四分位数间距）为 2.4 (0.4) mg/dL，组间无显著差异。补充两个月后，巧克力组的血清 Mg2+ 水平从 2.5（2.4-2.6）毫克/分升显著升高至 2.7（2.6-2.8）毫克/分升（p结论：黑巧克力可能是改善接受血液透析治疗的慢性肾脏病患者体内 Mg2+ 水平的一种有前途的营养策略。提供的剂量是安全的，不会改变血浆磷和钾的水平。

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引用次数: 0

A Center for Nutrition Care to Provide Renal Nutrition Therapy to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients 营养护理中心，为慢性肾病患者提供肾脏营养治疗。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.005

Abril Gutiérrez-Espinoza MNH , Julia Nava-Hernández MNH , Rocío Urbina-Arronte MNC , Araceli Aguilar-Gamiño MNC , Adriana Salinas-Rico MNC , Nadia Aldana-Solís MNC , Sara De La Rosa-Diez MNC , Rafael Montufar-Cárdenas MD , Joel D. Kopple MD

Objective

This paper describes a novel program that provides nutritional care to people with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Design and Methods

This is an observational study of the structure and function of Centro de Atencion Nutricional—Center of Nutritional Care (CEAN) Centers in metropolitan areas in Mexico that provide nutritional care to patients with CKD. Data on nutritional outcomes to treatment were obtained retrospectively from clinic records.

Results

The centers consist of several offices that are staffed by licensed dietitians who have undergone training in renal nutrition and are experienced in treating CKD patients. Any licensed physician in Mexico can refer patients to these centers for nutritional assessment and counseling. At their initial visit, patients undergo a comprehensive nutritional assessment by a dietitian, which includes anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and handgrip strength, and requests for laboratory measurements. A nutritional diagnosis and dietary treatment plan are developed. The patient’s referring physician receives a typed consultation. Almost 50% of the patients make 4 or more follow-up visits to the Center. Those patients who had an initial visit and a tenth visit displayed a reduced dietary protein intake with no reduction in serum albumin or handgrip strength. Body mass index, which averaged overweight, decreased slightly.

Conclusions

Centro de Atencion Nutricional in Mexico can provide sophisticated nutritional assessment, dietary therapy and nutritional follow-up for patients with CKD. Preliminary data suggest good nutritional responses in these centers. Clinical trials are needed to examine more definitively whether these centers improve nutritional and clinical outcomes in patients with CKD.

目的：本文介绍了一项为慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者提供营养护理的新计划：本文介绍了一项为慢性肾病（CKD）患者提供营养护理的新型计划：这是一项观察性研究，旨在了解墨西哥大都市地区为慢性肾脏病患者提供营养护理的 CEAN（Centro de Atencion Nutricional - 营养护理中心）中心的结构和功能。从门诊记录中回顾性地获得了有关营养治疗效果的数据：这些中心由几个办公室组成，其工作人员都是经过肾脏营养培训、在治疗慢性肾脏病患者方面经验丰富的持证营养师。墨西哥的任何持证医生都可以将患者转介到这些中心进行营养评估和咨询。首次就诊时，营养师会对患者进行全面的营养评估，包括人体测量、生物电阻抗和握力，并要求进行实验室测量。然后制定营养诊断和饮食治疗计划。患者的转诊医生会收到一份打印好的会诊报告。近 50%的患者会到中心进行四次或四次以上的复诊。初次就诊和第十次就诊的患者饮食中的蛋白质摄入量有所减少，但血清白蛋白和握力没有下降。平均超重的体重指数略有下降：墨西哥的 CEAN 中心可以为慢性肾脏病患者提供复杂的营养评估、饮食治疗和营养随访。初步数据表明，这些中心的营养状况良好。需要进行临床试验，以更明确地检验这些中心是否能改善慢性肾脏病患者的营养状况和临床疗效。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional Intake and Diet Quality in Hemodialysis Patients: Scope for Improvement 血液透析患者的营养摄入和饮食质量：有待改善的范围。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.03.004

Manon de Geus MSc , Wesley Visser PhD , Anneke van Egmond-de Mik BSc , Manouk Dam PhD , Evelien de Cuyper BSc , Marian de van der Schueren (Prof.) , Michael Tieland PhD , Peter Weijs (Prof.) , Hinke Kruizenga PhD , Karin Ipema PhD

Objective

Hemodialysis (HD) patients face challenges in upholding dietary compliance. This study aimed to compare dietary intake against disease-specific guidelines. Secondary, to assess the overall diet quality and to explore the association between dietary potassium intake and serum potassium concentrations.

Methods

In this cross-sectional multicenter study, nutrient intake of Dutch adult HD patients was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and diet quality with the Dutch Healthy Diet 15-index. Intake and diet quality were compared to disease-specific dietary recommendations or Dutch Dietary Guidelines. Insufficient intake was defined as <90% of the requirement, sufficient as 90-100%, and excessive as >110%. The association between serum potassium concentration and dietary potassium intake was modeled with linear regression analysis.

Results

The study population consisted of 248 participants (60% male) from 21 dialysis centers. Energy intake (1789 [872] kcal/day) was insufficient for 45% of the participants, while protein intake (1 [0.5] g/kg/d) was insufficient for 50%. Despite 67% of participants managing to align their energy intake below 110% of the recommended level, a high prevalence of overweight (61%) was observed in this cohort. Saturated fat intake was excessive for 87% of participants, while only 15% met the recommended fiber intake. Overall diet quality was low (74 [20] maximum score of 150). No association was observed between serum potassium and dietary potassium intake after adjusting for relevant confounders (r = 0.163, P = .261).

Conclusions

A considerable proportion of Dutch HD patients were unable to meet disease-specific dietary guidelines. Diet quality was shown to be poor.

目的：血液透析（HD）患者在维持饮食依从性方面面临挑战。这项研究的目的是比较饮食摄入量和疾病特异性指南。其次，评估整体饮食质量，探讨膳食钾摄入量与血清钾浓度之间的关系。方法：在本横断面多中心研究中，采用食物频率问卷（FFQs）评估荷兰成年HD患者的营养摄入，并采用荷兰健康饮食15指数（DHD15-index）评估饮食质量。将摄入量和饮食质量与疾病特定饮食建议或荷兰饮食指南进行比较。摄入不足的定义为110%。血清钾浓度与饲粮钾摄入量之间的关系采用线性回归分析。结果：研究人群包括来自21个透析中心的248名参与者（60%为男性）。45%的参与者能量摄入（1789[872]千卡/天）不足，50%的参与者蛋白质摄入（1[0.5]克/公斤/天）不足。尽管67%的参与者设法将他们的能量摄入控制在推荐水平的110%以下，但在该队列中观察到超重的高患病率（61%）。87%的参与者饱和脂肪摄入量过高，而只有15%的参与者达到了建议的纤维摄入量。总体饮食质量较低（74桶，最高得分为150）。校正相关混杂因素后，血清钾和膳食钾摄入量之间无相关性（r= 0.163， P= 0.261）。结论：相当比例的荷兰HD患者无法满足特定疾病的饮食指南。饮食质量很差。

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引用次数: 0

A Guide to Filipino Foods While on Dialysis 透析期间的菲律宾食物指南。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.04.004

Melissa Prest DCN, Alanna Marder MSN

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Amino Acid Kinetics During Low-Dose Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Single-Center Study 急性肾损伤患者低剂量连续肾替代治疗期间氨基酸动力学的评估：一项前瞻性单中心研究。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.004

Hiroomi Tatsumi MD, PhD , Shinya Chihara MD, PhD , Masayuki Akatsuka MD, PhD , Hiromitsu Kuroda MD, PhD , Satoshi Kazuma MD, PhD , Miyuki Tani MS , Satoru Kamoshita BA , Akiyoshi Kuroda PhD , Yoshiki Masuda MD, PhD

Objective

Amino acid and protein loss during continuous renal replacement therapy has been proposed to contribute to protein-energy wasting in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the actual amount removed remains unclear. We investigated the loss of amino acids and proteins in the filtrate during continuous renal replacement therapy in patients who did not receive nutritional supplementation.

Methods

A total of 19 patients with AKI who received low-dose continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) were included. Blood samples were collected before CVVH initiation and at 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes thereafter, and a filtrate sample was collected at 240 minutes. Changes in blood amino acid concentrations during 240-minute CVVH sessions were measured. The amino acid and protein concentrations in the filtrate were determined at the end of the 240-minute CVVH session, and the amounts of amino acids and proteins lost during 240-minute CVVH were calculated.

Results

The median total amino acid blood concentrations did not decrease and were near the lower limits of the reference ranges. The median concentrations of 3-methyl histidine, a marker of skeletal muscle catabolism, were above the upper limits of the reference ranges throughout the CVVH session. The median total amino acidloss during the 240-minute CVVH session was 0.95 g. In 10 patients with detectable proteins in the filtrate, the median protein loss was 2.52 g.

Conclusion

These results suggest that optimal nutritional management in patients with AKI who receive CVVH should take into account amino acid and protein loss and hypercatabolism.

目的：在持续肾替代治疗（CRRT）期间氨基酸和蛋白质的损失被认为是急性肾损伤（AKI）患者蛋白质能量浪费（PEW）的原因之一；然而，实际的撤资数额仍不清楚。我们研究了没有接受营养补充的患者在CRRT期间滤液中氨基酸和蛋白质的损失。方法：选取19例接受低剂量连续静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗的AKI患者。CVVH起始前和起始后30、60、120、240分钟采集血样，240分钟采集滤液样本。测量240分钟CVVH期间血液氨基酸浓度的变化。在240分钟CVVH结束时测定滤液中的氨基酸和蛋白质浓度，并计算240分钟CVVH期间氨基酸和蛋白质的损失量。结果：总氨基酸（TAA）血药浓度中位数未下降，接近参考范围下限。3-甲基组氨酸（骨骼肌分解代谢的标志物）的中位浓度在整个CVVH期间都高于参考范围的上限。在240分钟的CVVH期间，TAA损失的中位数为0.95 g。在滤液中检测到蛋白质的10例患者中，平均蛋白质损失为2.52 g。结论：这些结果表明，接受CVVH治疗的AKI患者的最佳营养管理应考虑氨基酸和蛋白质的损失以及高分解代谢。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on: The Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease 评论：降压治疗对终末期肾病患者骨骼肌质量和骨密度的影响。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Renal Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.01.009

Aqsa Sabir MBBS, Alaita Fatima Bakhtiari MBBS

引用次数: 0