Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00522-0
Redwan Bin Abdul Baten, Abdullah Noman, Mohammad Nakibur Rahman
The access to care benefits of Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions are important for 45-64-year-old adults who are living below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level, a particularly vulnerable group in the United States (US). Gaining coverage from Medicaid expansions should improve access to healthcare and affect social determinants of health, including financial behavior. We analyzed data from 2009 to 2018 from the National Financial Capability Survey (NFCS) and utilize a difference-in-differences model to compare outcomes changes in states with and without expansion before and after the ACA Medicaid expansions. Overall, Medicaid expansion was associated with increased healthcare access for 45-64-year-olds, potentially resulting in better healthcare experience. Results indicate effects of the Medicaid expansion on the financial behavior of 45-64-year-olds, with evidence of credit card bills being paid in full, higher banking activities, and better financial preparedness. These findings have important implications for financial regulators and healthcare policymakers.
{"title":"Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion, access to health care, and financial behavior of the United States adults.","authors":"Redwan Bin Abdul Baten, Abdullah Noman, Mohammad Nakibur Rahman","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00522-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-024-00522-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The access to care benefits of Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions are important for 45-64-year-old adults who are living below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level, a particularly vulnerable group in the United States (US). Gaining coverage from Medicaid expansions should improve access to healthcare and affect social determinants of health, including financial behavior. We analyzed data from 2009 to 2018 from the National Financial Capability Survey (NFCS) and utilize a difference-in-differences model to compare outcomes changes in states with and without expansion before and after the ACA Medicaid expansions. Overall, Medicaid expansion was associated with increased healthcare access for 45-64-year-olds, potentially resulting in better healthcare experience. Results indicate effects of the Medicaid expansion on the financial behavior of 45-64-year-olds, with evidence of credit card bills being paid in full, higher banking activities, and better financial preparedness. These findings have important implications for financial regulators and healthcare policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00521-1
Tanavij Pannoi, Tida Sottiyotin, Orratai Waleewong, Najmee Adulyarat
During the COVID-19 pandemic, national policymakers implemented many public health social measures to cease the spread of the disease, while, those interventions also affected population health behaviors, including drinking alcohol. We analyzed national survey data of 7731 respondents to investigate drinking behavioral patterns, as well as measure the strength of association between social measures and alcohol consumption among the Thai populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrated that perceptions on temporary suspension of entertainment events and a ban on alcohol sales during the pandemic were significantly associated with alcohol consumption behaviors. Specifically, the negative perceptions of these social measures were associated with the increase of drinking: OR = 1.42; 95% CI = [1.19, 1.69] and OR = 2.50; 95% CI = [2.11, 2.97], respectively. We recommended to assess the long-term effects of targeted social measures on drinking behavior, especially the post pandemic.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间,国家政策制定者实施了许多公共卫生社会措施来阻止疾病的传播,同时,这些干预措施也影响了包括饮酒在内的人口健康行为。我们分析了 7731 名受访者的全国调查数据,以调查饮酒行为模式,并测量 COVID-19 大流行期间泰国民众的社会措施与饮酒量之间的关联强度。我们的研究结果表明,在大流行期间,人们对暂时停止娱乐活动和禁止酒类销售的看法与饮酒行为显著相关。具体来说,对这些社会措施的负面看法与饮酒量的增加有关:OR = 1.42; 95% CI = [1.19, 1.69] 和 OR = 2.50; 95% CI = [2.11, 2.97]。我们建议评估有针对性的社会措施对饮酒行为的长期影响,尤其是在大流行后。
{"title":"Perceived social measures and drinking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.","authors":"Tanavij Pannoi, Tida Sottiyotin, Orratai Waleewong, Najmee Adulyarat","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00521-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-024-00521-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, national policymakers implemented many public health social measures to cease the spread of the disease, while, those interventions also affected population health behaviors, including drinking alcohol. We analyzed national survey data of 7731 respondents to investigate drinking behavioral patterns, as well as measure the strength of association between social measures and alcohol consumption among the Thai populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrated that perceptions on temporary suspension of entertainment events and a ban on alcohol sales during the pandemic were significantly associated with alcohol consumption behaviors. Specifically, the negative perceptions of these social measures were associated with the increase of drinking: OR = 1.42; 95% CI = [1.19, 1.69] and OR = 2.50; 95% CI = [2.11, 2.97], respectively. We recommended to assess the long-term effects of targeted social measures on drinking behavior, especially the post pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00515-z
Brian V Fix, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Andrew Hyland, Liane M Najam, Destiny Diaz, Akshika Sharma, Deborah J Ossip, Richard J O'Connor
In May 2020, New York State restricted the sale of flavored e-liquids, excluding tobacco flavor. We conducted a Web-based survey to assess support and changes in use behavior between July and October 2020 (n = 946), with a follow-up between April and June 2021 (n = 542). Most electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users (n = 82/55) continued to use, with 39%/33% reporting continuing to purchase flavored e-liquids, 20%/32% reporting using tobacco flavor, 5%/6% reporting quitting ENDS and smoking cigarettes, and 8%/3% reporting quitting ENDS and not smoking cigarettes. In 2020, 65% of non-users, 53% of cigarette users, 34% of cigarette/ENDS users, and 18% of ENDS users supported this policy restriction on e-liquids. Similar results were observed in 2021. Many ENDS users continued purchasing flavored e-liquids, suggesting that compliance with the policy can be improved. Cigarette smoking did not appear to increase. Continued evaluation of how restrictions on sales of products influence use is critical to understanding the long-term impact on behavior.
{"title":"Flavored electronic nicotine delivery system product use among adults in New York State post-statewide restriction implementation.","authors":"Brian V Fix, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Andrew Hyland, Liane M Najam, Destiny Diaz, Akshika Sharma, Deborah J Ossip, Richard J O'Connor","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00515-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-024-00515-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In May 2020, New York State restricted the sale of flavored e-liquids, excluding tobacco flavor. We conducted a Web-based survey to assess support and changes in use behavior between July and October 2020 (n = 946), with a follow-up between April and June 2021 (n = 542). Most electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users (n = 82/55) continued to use, with 39%/33% reporting continuing to purchase flavored e-liquids, 20%/32% reporting using tobacco flavor, 5%/6% reporting quitting ENDS and smoking cigarettes, and 8%/3% reporting quitting ENDS and not smoking cigarettes. In 2020, 65% of non-users, 53% of cigarette users, 34% of cigarette/ENDS users, and 18% of ENDS users supported this policy restriction on e-liquids. Similar results were observed in 2021. Many ENDS users continued purchasing flavored e-liquids, suggesting that compliance with the policy can be improved. Cigarette smoking did not appear to increase. Continued evaluation of how restrictions on sales of products influence use is critical to understanding the long-term impact on behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00517-x
Jessica M Keralis, Avery Bourbeau, Kevin P Delaney, Shifawu Odunsi, Sheila Salvant Valentine
HIV criminalization laws may discourage HIV testing. We tested whether California's 2018 HIV criminalization law reform increased the likelihood of past-year HIV testing compared to Nevada, which did not reform its HIV criminalization law. We fitted two difference-in-differences logistic regression models: one for all respondents reporting behaviors that increase the chances of getting or transmitting HIV, and one for male respondents reporting these behaviors. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of BRFSS. HIV criminalization reform was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of past-year HIV testing. After reform, the predicted marginal probability of past-year HIV testing increased by six percentage points. By comparison, probabilities of a past-year HIV test decreased in Nevada. HIV criminalization law reform may increase the likelihood of getting tested by individuals who engage in behaviors that increase the chances of getting or transmitting HIV.
艾滋病毒定罪法可能会阻碍艾滋病毒检测。我们测试了与内华达州相比,加利福尼亚州 2018 年的艾滋病刑事定罪法改革是否增加了上一年进行艾滋病检测的可能性,内华达州没有对其艾滋病刑事定罪法进行改革。我们建立了两个差异逻辑回归模型:一个是针对所有报告了会增加感染或传播 HIV 的行为的受访者,另一个是针对报告了这些行为的男性受访者。所有分析都考虑了 BRFSS 复杂的调查设计。HIV 刑事定罪改革与上一年 HIV 检测可能性的增加有很大关系。改革后,上一年 HIV 检测的预测边际概率增加了 6 个百分点。相比之下,内华达州上一年进行 HIV 检测的概率有所下降。艾滋病毒刑事化法律改革可能会增加那些有增加感染或传播艾滋病毒机会行为的人接受检测的可能性。
{"title":"HIV: California's 2018 criminalization reform and testing among those reporting risk behavior.","authors":"Jessica M Keralis, Avery Bourbeau, Kevin P Delaney, Shifawu Odunsi, Sheila Salvant Valentine","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00517-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-024-00517-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV criminalization laws may discourage HIV testing. We tested whether California's 2018 HIV criminalization law reform increased the likelihood of past-year HIV testing compared to Nevada, which did not reform its HIV criminalization law. We fitted two difference-in-differences logistic regression models: one for all respondents reporting behaviors that increase the chances of getting or transmitting HIV, and one for male respondents reporting these behaviors. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of BRFSS. HIV criminalization reform was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of past-year HIV testing. After reform, the predicted marginal probability of past-year HIV testing increased by six percentage points. By comparison, probabilities of a past-year HIV test decreased in Nevada. HIV criminalization law reform may increase the likelihood of getting tested by individuals who engage in behaviors that increase the chances of getting or transmitting HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00489-y
Yoon-Min Cho, Sun Goo Lee
We examined whether quarantined individuals complied with rules to prevent transmission at home and whether the government provided appropriate support to individuals in quarantine. Between November 2020 and August 2021, we surveyed 198 individuals who had been or were quarantined at home without infection. The online survey results show that respondents experienced difficulties living in close quarters with their cohabitants and had low compliance with in-house hygiene rules. The government needed to provide adequate employment protection, living expense, or care support. Such failures of the system were mainly due to a lack of legal grounds for the government to operate. To improve compliance, the government can amend laws to permit active communication of public health messages with those quarantined at home and provide the necessary support.
{"title":"Survey study on the Korean quarantine-at-home system for Covid-19: suggestions for improvements.","authors":"Yoon-Min Cho, Sun Goo Lee","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00489-y","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00489-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined whether quarantined individuals complied with rules to prevent transmission at home and whether the government provided appropriate support to individuals in quarantine. Between November 2020 and August 2021, we surveyed 198 individuals who had been or were quarantined at home without infection. The online survey results show that respondents experienced difficulties living in close quarters with their cohabitants and had low compliance with in-house hygiene rules. The government needed to provide adequate employment protection, living expense, or care support. Such failures of the system were mainly due to a lack of legal grounds for the government to operate. To improve compliance, the government can amend laws to permit active communication of public health messages with those quarantined at home and provide the necessary support.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00494-1
Brendan Lantz, Marin R Wenger, Emma E Fridel, Kyle G Knapp
Gun violence, often characterized as a singular issue, is not one cohesive problem. Instead, it takes many forms resulting from the complex interplay of multiple factors. Outcomes of gun violence also vary significantly. They may be (a) physically non-injurious (a gun is brandished), (b) injurious but non-lethal, or (c) lethal. To understand and address gun violence effectively, it is essential to consider various risk factors for both non-lethal and lethal gun violence victimization, using a comprehensive, comparative framework. We present a novel comparative framework for better understanding gun violence, and for developing policy responses to this violence. We disaggregate gun violence into its various forms and propose a conceptualization of risk factors in discrete categories, each with important implications for policy intervention. While we emphasize the value of this framework for understanding and combatting interpersonal gun violence in America, the research and policy approaches discussed here should be equally applicable to other international contexts with gun violence as a serious public health issue as well.
{"title":"A comparative framework for understanding and addressing interpersonal gun violence.","authors":"Brendan Lantz, Marin R Wenger, Emma E Fridel, Kyle G Knapp","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00494-1","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00494-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gun violence, often characterized as a singular issue, is not one cohesive problem. Instead, it takes many forms resulting from the complex interplay of multiple factors. Outcomes of gun violence also vary significantly. They may be (a) physically non-injurious (a gun is brandished), (b) injurious but non-lethal, or (c) lethal. To understand and address gun violence effectively, it is essential to consider various risk factors for both non-lethal and lethal gun violence victimization, using a comprehensive, comparative framework. We present a novel comparative framework for better understanding gun violence, and for developing policy responses to this violence. We disaggregate gun violence into its various forms and propose a conceptualization of risk factors in discrete categories, each with important implications for policy intervention. While we emphasize the value of this framework for understanding and combatting interpersonal gun violence in America, the research and policy approaches discussed here should be equally applicable to other international contexts with gun violence as a serious public health issue as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00500-6
Simon T van Baal, Suong T T Le, Farhad Fatehi, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Jakob Hohwy
Chatbots can effect large-scale behaviour change because they are accessible through social media, flexible, scalable, and gather data automatically. Yet research on the feasibility and effectiveness of chatbot-administered behaviour change interventions is sparse. The effectiveness of established behaviour change interventions when implemented in chatbots is not guaranteed, given the unique human-machine interaction dynamics. We pilot-tested chatbot-based behaviour change through information provision and embedded animations. We evaluated whether the chatbot could increase understanding and intentions to adopt protective behaviours during the pandemic. Fifty-nine culturally and linguistically diverse participants received a compassion intervention, an exponential growth intervention, or no intervention. We measured participants' COVID-19 testing intentions and measured their staying-home attitudes before and after their chatbot interaction. We found reduced uncertainty about protective behaviours. The exponential growth intervention increased participants' testing intentions. This study provides preliminary evidence that chatbots can spark behaviour change, with applications in diverse and underrepresented groups.
{"title":"Testing behaviour change with an artificial intelligence chatbot in a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Simon T van Baal, Suong T T Le, Farhad Fatehi, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Jakob Hohwy","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00500-6","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00500-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chatbots can effect large-scale behaviour change because they are accessible through social media, flexible, scalable, and gather data automatically. Yet research on the feasibility and effectiveness of chatbot-administered behaviour change interventions is sparse. The effectiveness of established behaviour change interventions when implemented in chatbots is not guaranteed, given the unique human-machine interaction dynamics. We pilot-tested chatbot-based behaviour change through information provision and embedded animations. We evaluated whether the chatbot could increase understanding and intentions to adopt protective behaviours during the pandemic. Fifty-nine culturally and linguistically diverse participants received a compassion intervention, an exponential growth intervention, or no intervention. We measured participants' COVID-19 testing intentions and measured their staying-home attitudes before and after their chatbot interaction. We found reduced uncertainty about protective behaviours. The exponential growth intervention increased participants' testing intentions. This study provides preliminary evidence that chatbots can spark behaviour change, with applications in diverse and underrepresented groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00497-y
Seddon R Savage, Sally A Kraft, Courtney Tanner, Matthew Houde
In an era of political polarization, growing anti-science sentiment, and pervasive inequities in the social drivers of health, a rising tide of potentially harmful state policy proposals in the United States threaten to undermine the health of the public. In response, our health system's population health and government relations offices partnered with key health advocacy organizations in our state of New Hampshire to offer an interactive virtual learning series aimed at preparing diverse professionals and citizens to effectively advocate for sound health policies. Two hundred forty-seven individuals registered for the six-session series. Our findings indicate that participants experienced increased awareness of the political determinants of health, better understanding of specific legislative proposals in New Hampshire, and enhanced preparedness for advocacy, with many reporting greater active engagement in advocacy. Given its flexible and virtual nature, this innovative learning model could easily be adapted to promote dialogue and advocacy for sound health policy in diverse regional contexts.
{"title":"Advancing action on the political determinants of health in the United States.","authors":"Seddon R Savage, Sally A Kraft, Courtney Tanner, Matthew Houde","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00497-y","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00497-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an era of political polarization, growing anti-science sentiment, and pervasive inequities in the social drivers of health, a rising tide of potentially harmful state policy proposals in the United States threaten to undermine the health of the public. In response, our health system's population health and government relations offices partnered with key health advocacy organizations in our state of New Hampshire to offer an interactive virtual learning series aimed at preparing diverse professionals and citizens to effectively advocate for sound health policies. Two hundred forty-seven individuals registered for the six-session series. Our findings indicate that participants experienced increased awareness of the political determinants of health, better understanding of specific legislative proposals in New Hampshire, and enhanced preparedness for advocacy, with many reporting greater active engagement in advocacy. Given its flexible and virtual nature, this innovative learning model could easily be adapted to promote dialogue and advocacy for sound health policy in diverse regional contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00472-7
Demet Yalcin Mousseau, Michael Mousseau
Armed conflicts exacerbate public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. Inequality across groups and poverty in rural areas can be an important factor in triggering local wars. This study investigates whether equitable distribution of public services by governments across urban and rural geographical regions reduces the risk of local wars initiated by armed groups in Sub-Saharan African countries. Does an equitable distribution of public services such as healthcare and clean water public services across regions decrease the risk of armed conflicts? Uneven distribution of public services can increase the risk of conflict by contributing to group grievances, rural poverty, and rent-seeking competition over government resources. Analyses of 39 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1947 to 2021 show that a one-standard deviation increase in equal access to public services by urban-rural location lowers the risk of armed conflict, a substantial 37 to 53 percent with consideration of a battery of control variables.
{"title":"Allocation of public health services across urban and rural regions and armed conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Demet Yalcin Mousseau, Michael Mousseau","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00472-7","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00472-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Armed conflicts exacerbate public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. Inequality across groups and poverty in rural areas can be an important factor in triggering local wars. This study investigates whether equitable distribution of public services by governments across urban and rural geographical regions reduces the risk of local wars initiated by armed groups in Sub-Saharan African countries. Does an equitable distribution of public services such as healthcare and clean water public services across regions decrease the risk of armed conflicts? Uneven distribution of public services can increase the risk of conflict by contributing to group grievances, rural poverty, and rent-seeking competition over government resources. Analyses of 39 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1947 to 2021 show that a one-standard deviation increase in equal access to public services by urban-rural location lowers the risk of armed conflict, a substantial 37 to 53 percent with consideration of a battery of control variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00508-y
Elena N Naumova
{"title":"Navigating the ethical landscape: a review of Rochelle Tractenberg's ethical reasoning and practice.","authors":"Elena N Naumova","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00508-y","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00508-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}