Innovations in pharmacy最新文献

Introduction: IPE competency requires multiple developmental experiences across diverse educational environments, including didactic and experiential learning. While literature outlines various IPE activities, gaps exist regarding IPE evaluation strategies with most published tools relying on self-evaluation. This study describes an observer-based assessment of individual student IPEC Competency development for students participating in didactic-IPE activities, and compares observer-based ratings with student self-evaluation ratings. Innovation: The IPEC Competency Assessment Tool of Individual Students (I-CATIS) was piloted in an IPE case collaboration activity involving pharmacy and dental students. Faculty were trained on the I-CATIS and evaluated pharmacy students on thirteen predetermined IPEC sub-competencies. Students evaluated their self-efficacy on the selected IPEC sub-competencies, which was compared with I-CATIS results. Findings: Sixty-three pharmacy students across 12 groups were evaluated by six faculty facilitators. Across all observed competencies, 26% of students were rated as "Minimal" and 64% as "Developing" on a competency compared to 10% rated as "Competent." Students' self-evaluation ratings were higher on all sub-competencies compared to observer-evaluation ratings. Facilitators indicated the I-CATIS tool was easy to use, but challenging to complete while concurrently facilitating interprofessional teams. Conclusions: The I-CATIS enabled observer-based evaluation of individual student's IPEC Competency development in the didactic-IPE activity. I-CATIS can supplement and advance student self-evaluation data and inform didactic IPE curriculum development to ensure graduates are prepared and competent to practice in a collaborative healthcare environment.

Background: Development of successful, practice-ready pharmacists includes ensuring learners are self-aware and able to reflect on knowledge, skills, and abilities. Though evidence indicates reflective practices are important in pharmacy education, there is a general lack of structure for implementation of reflective practices. The primary objective of this study was to compare learner self-evaluations to preceptor and pharmacy resident evaluations for scored learning activities completed on experiential rotations to assess consistency of student self-reflections. Methods: This study compared learner self-evaluations to preceptor and pharmacy resident evaluations using a single-point rubric for three types of assignments completed during experiential rotations at a community teaching hospital. These assignments included clinical presentations, patient counseling, and written drug information responses. Data were collected via retrospective review of completed, de-identified evaluations. The primary endpoint was differences in overall scores between students and evaluators, analyzed via paired T-test. Findings: A total of 68 learner evaluations were reviewed, with a majority (89.7%) completed by students on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences. Overall, no significant differences emerged between student and preceptor evaluator scores, indicating that students were able to consistently self-reflect. Conclusion: Pharmacy students on experiential rotations demonstrated consistency in self-scoring and evaluation with preceptors on assignments related to presentations, drug information responses, and patient counseling when using single-point rubrics to self-evaluate.

Description of the Problem: The Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination (MPJE) is a licensure requirement for pharmacists. National pass rates for this exam are variable and have recently been decreasing nationally. Current support for graduates in pharmacy law courses and MPJE test preparation tools varies between states and institutions. Description of the Innovation: The Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy created an online, asynchronous continuing education (CE) course that provides content specific to Virginia pharmacy laws and regulations. The course is divided into six modules, aligned with MJPE competency statements. Critical Analysis: Of the 158 recent graduates and practicing pharmacists transferring to the state who have taken the CE, 26 responded to the survey (response rate = 16.5%) on pass rate success and resources used in preparation for MJPE. The majority (96%) of those who completed the CE passed their next attempt on the MJPE with 20 participants taking it for the first time. Qualitative feedback was collected and evaluated, revealing response categories of practice scenarios, alignment to MPJE, program structure, and overall satisfaction. This limited cross-sectional data reports descriptive preliminary findings. Implications: The institution will continue to offer this CE. The CE creates a revenue stream for the institution and provides a resource for passing the Virginia MPJE. There is limited generalizability.

Health promotion intervention theory must adapt as evidence grows to support the complexities of social and behavioral health fields. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health continues to grow, requiring a re-evaluation of traditional models' applicability to these approaches. The authors propose adapting and integrating the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) models for application with digital health to deliver interventions. We also describe the application of the SEM-DOI integration in conjunction with a demonstration project, a digital intervention to improve Metabolic Syndromes (MetS) health outcomes. Future health interventions may consider the proposed SEM-DOI model to account for individual and community-level factors during implementation and use as a guide for meaningful evaluation. Adaptations of theoretical models to current-state interventions and integration of multiple, established models are needed to sustain prevention efforts and efficacy over time.

Background/Purpose: Pneumococcal vaccination rates among eligible adults are lower than desired. Recently, pneumococcal vaccination guidelines for adults were updated to include new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV20), taking into consideration age, underlying risk factors, and previous vaccine status. To respond to PCV under-vaccination and help clarify the new guidelines, this project sought to develop a targeted pneumococcal vaccine screening tool and pop-up alert within retail pharmacies across a large health system with the goal of increasing rates of PCV20 vaccination. Methods: A Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was employed to activate alerts within 24 retail pharmacies for patients indicated to be eligible for PCV20 vaccination. Adult patients who were PCV20 vaccine-naïve, met eligibility requirements, and were due for medication refill were identified through the electronic health record and uploaded to pharmacy software. Pharmacists screened patients for eligibility and inquired about willingness to receive PCV20 vaccine during the upcoming pharmacy visit. Vaccine rates and sociodemographic characteristics were compared before and after the PDSA cycle began, and reasons for patient decline were assessed. Results: Between December 2023 and April 2024, 1821 patients were screened for PCV20 vaccines, with 1369 (75%) patients eligible. Ultimately, 130 patients (9%) received PCV20 through the alert process, yet an additional 285 PCV20 vaccines were administered to additional patients, perhaps due to the intervention's success in promoting the tools such that pharmacists were more comfortable in screening patients for PCV20 vaccinations overall. Overall, the study represented a 140% increase in PCV20 vaccination rates compared to the same period of the previous year. The most common reason for declining vaccination was no interest in vaccines (n=231, 51%). Conclusions: This PDSA cycle demonstrated a vast increase in PCV20 vaccination rates in retail pharmacies across a large health system, indicating the potential utility of integrated technologic screening tools and alerts to increase administration of other routine immunizations.

Background: Biosimilars are safe and effective treatments for chronic diseases, including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) oversees the quality and registration of biosimilars in Saudi Arabia. However, disparities among regulatory authorities such as the lack of guidelines for biosimilars in rheumatology affect healthcare providers' perceptions, leading to hesitancy in switching from reference products to biosimilars. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Saudi healthcare professionals regarding biosimilars. Methods: A convenience sample of 87 participants (75 pharmacists and 12 physicians) was analyzed. The data were collected between December 2022 and February 2023. A logistic regression model was used to predict the intention toward biosimilars. Results: Years of practice among physicians significantly influenced their intention to prescribe biosimilars. Positive correlations were also observed between intentions towards prescription and beliefs regarding the safety and efficacy of biosimilars. Pharmacists' authority and knowledge of biosimilars correlated with their intention to substitute or dispense them. However, the logistic regression analysis indicated that behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were not significant predictors of the intention to prescribe or substitute biosimilars in either group. Conclusions: Highlighting the significance of continuing education and coordinating efforts in the international harmonization of biosimilar guidelines, as well as education for healthcare professionals, is required for addressing clinical concerns and enhancing confidence in biosimilars.

Background: Authors of bibliometric studies often wait for an arbitrarily prolonged period to allow for complete indexing of documents in the Scopus database after the end of the period to be studied (period-of-interest), thus negatively affecting recency (interval between publication date the date of the latest data reported) in bibliometric studies. Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the indexing delays in Scopus following online publication, to provide evidence-based recommendations for when data collection in Scopus should start after the end of the period-of-interest. Methods: Scopus indexing dates were prospectively collected for documents published in 2022 in 7 major pharmacy practice journals (aim 1). A time-to-event analysis was done on all documents published online from August to October 2022 (aim 2). Indexing delays and Kaplan-Meier curves of indexing delays were also compared between Scopus and PubMed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Log-Rank tests, respectively. Results: All 7 journals (843 documents) and 4 journals (212 documents) were included in aims 1 and 2, respectively. Indexing delay was significantly longer in Scopus versus PubMed (median = 36 vs. 3 days). The Kaplan-Meier curves were also significantly different; with median survival time of indexing in Scopus and PubMed being 4 and 2 weeks, respectively. Notably, 91% of the subset studied have been indexed in Scopus (versus 97% in PubMed) by 10 weeks after online publication. Conclusion: Scopus indexing delays do not support the arbitrarily prolonged wait for bibliometric data to accumulate. A 10-week wait time provides a reasonable balance between the recency and completeness of published data. This evidence-based recommendation would improve recency without sacrificing data completeness in bibliometric studies.

Background: Anemia is a significant global public health issue, and is associated with lethargy, weakness, tiredness, and shortness of breath. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are recombinant/synthetic erythropoietin and can increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels. There are increased risks of cardiovascular events and death associated with the use of ESAs when raising Hb levels above 12 g/dL. Methods: The objective was to assure safety and appropriate use of ESA. We performed a baseline assessment via a retrospective chart review, including patients who recently received an inpatient dose of an ESA within Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) from November 1, 2015 (after MSH ESA guideline revision) to August 1, 2023. All adult patients who received an ESA (originator or biosimilar products) during hospitalization were included. Data collection was in reverse chronology, and the most recent dose administered to each unique patient was collected. Results: If an ESA dose was dispensed when the Hb was less than the upper limit of the target Hb for the specific indication, this was considered appropriate use. Based on data from June 15 to August 1, 2023 (~47 days of inpatient utilization), for the primary outcome, 169 out of 171 doses (98.8%) met the predefined criteria for appropriateness. One dose was dispensed when the Hb was 11.1 g/dL to a patient on renal replacement therapy, and one dose was dispensed when the Hb was 13.8 g/dL to a surgical patient who refused blood transfusions. Among secondary outcomes of interest, there was a difference in blood transfusions administered in critical versus non-critical care settings. Conclusion: Inpatient use of ESA at MSH was appropriate when looking at Hb targets. There are currently no formal order sets, service-line restrictions, or additional chairperson approvals needed at MSH. Despite this, there remained significant adherence to prevailing Hb targets, reflecting provider and pharmacy teams' knowledge and awareness of contemporary best practices.