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Integrating En Route and Home Proximity in EV Charging Accessibility: A Spatial Analysis in the Washington Metropolitan Area 在电动汽车充电可达性中整合途中和家庭邻近性:华盛顿大都会区的空间分析
Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: arxiv-2409.08287
Asal Mehditabrizi, Behnam Tahmasbi, Saeed Saleh Namadi, Cinzia Cirillo
This study evaluates the accessibility of public EV charging stations in theWashington metropolitan area using a comprehensive measure that accounts forboth destination-based and en route charging opportunities. By incorporatingthe full spectrum of daily travel patterns into the accessibility evaluation,our methodology offers a more realistic measure of charging opportunities thandestination-based methods that prioritize proximity to residential locations.Results from spatial autocorrelation analysis indicate that conventionalaccessibility assessments often overestimate the availability of infrastructurein central urban areas and underestimate it in peripheral commuting zones,potentially leading to misallocated resources. By highlighting significantclusters of high-access and low-access areas, our approach identifies spatialinequalities in infrastructure distribution and provides insights into areasrequiring targeted interventions. This study underscores the importance ofincorporating daily mobility patterns into urban planning to ensure equitableaccess to EV charging infrastructure and suggests a framework that otherregions could adopt to enhance sustainable transportation networks and supportequitable urban development.
本研究采用一种综合测量方法,评估了华盛顿大都会区公共电动汽车充电站的可达性,该方法既考虑了目的地充电机会,也考虑了途中充电机会。空间自相关分析的结果表明,传统的可达性评估通常会高估中心城区的基础设施可用性,而低估外围通勤区的可用性,这可能会导致资源分配不当。我们的方法通过突出高可达性和低可达性地区的重要集群,确定了基础设施分布的空间不平等,并为需要有针对性干预的地区提供了见解。这项研究强调了将日常交通模式纳入城市规划的重要性,以确保电动汽车充电基础设施的公平使用,并提出了一个其他地区可以采用的框架,以加强可持续交通网络并支持公平的城市发展。
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引用次数: 0
Inequality and Concentration in Farmland Production and Size: Regional Analysis for the European Union from 2010 to 2020 农田生产和规模的不平等与集中:2010 至 2020 年欧盟地区分析
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2409.00111
Simone Boccaletti, Paolo Maranzano, Miguel Viegas
According to Eurostat estimates, the overall number of farms in Europedeclined of about 3 million units between 2010 and 2020. Parallel, theagricultural standard output increased from 304 billion to nearly 360 billionover the same period. Such evidence, legitimately leads to questions about howthe structure (e.g., type of production and average size) of farms has changedand whether this change has been uniform or heterogeneous within Europe. Inthis paper, we aim at investigating the phenomenon of market concentration inthe European agricultural and livestock farming industry from 2010 to 2020 atthe regional level by exploiting the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Giniconcentration index for the land owned by the European farmers and for theirstandard output. In particular, we are interested in exploring the variabilitywithin-and-between regions with regard to land and production size to assess ifthe European agricultural market suffered from an increasingly concentration ofpower in fewer but larger farm holding. The extensive mapping provided by thisstudy may allow a fine spatial-scale socio-economic and political assessment ofthe European agricultural market integration process, its recent and futuretrends in the complex and uncertain post-COVID context and the restructuring ofinternational relations due to crises and the green energy transition.
据欧盟统计局估计,2010 年至 2020 年间,欧洲农场总数将减少约 300 万个。与此同时,同期的农业标准产出从 3040 亿增加到近 3600 亿。有鉴于此,我们不禁要问,农场的结构(如生产类型和平均规模)是如何变化的?在本文中,我们旨在利用欧洲农户拥有的土地和标准产出的 Giniconcentration 指数的时空动态,从地区层面研究 2010 年至 2020 年欧洲农牧业的市场集中现象。特别是,我们有兴趣探索地区内部和地区之间在土地和生产规模方面的可变性,以评估欧洲农业市场是否受到越来越多力量集中于数量较少但规模较大的农场的影响。通过本研究提供的大量地图,可以对欧洲农业市场一体化进程、其在复杂和不确定的后 COVID 背景下的近期和未来趋势以及危机和绿色能源转型导致的国际关系重组进行精细的空间尺度社会经济和政治评估。
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引用次数: 0
Pervasive impact of spatial dependence on predictability 空间依赖性对可预测性的普遍影响
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2408.14722
Peng Luo, Yongze Song, Wenwen Li, Liqiu Meng
Understanding the complex nature of spatial information is crucial forproblem solving in social and environmental sciences. This study investigateshow the underlying patterns of spatial data can significantly influence theoutcomes of spatial predictions. Recognizing unique characteristics of spatialdata, such as spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity, we delve into thefundamental differences and similarities between spatial and non-geospatialprediction models. Through the analysis of six different datasets ofenvironment and socio-economic variables, comparing geospatial models withnon-geospatial models, our research highlights the pervasive nature of spatialdependence beyond geographical boundaries. This innovative approach not onlyrecognizes spatial dependence in geographic spaces defined by latitude andlongitude but also identifies its presence in non-geographic, attribute-baseddimensions. Our findings reveal the pervasive influence of spatial dependenceon prediction outcomes across various domains, and spatial dependencesignificantly influences prediction performance across all spaces. Our findingssuggest that the strongest spatial dependence is typically found in geographicspace for environment variables, a trend that does not uniformly apply tosocio-economic variables. This investigation not only advances the theoreticalframework for spatial data analysis, but also proposes new methodologies foraccurately capturing and expressing spatial dependence under complexconditions. Our research extends spatial analysis to non-geographic dimensionssuch as social networks and gene expression patterns, emphasizing the role ofspatial dependence in improving prediction accuracy, thereby supportinginterdisciplinary applications across fields such as geographic informationscience, environmental science, economics, sociology, and bioinformatics.
了解空间信息的复杂性对于解决社会和环境科学中的问题至关重要。本研究探讨了空间数据的基本模式如何显著影响空间预测的结果。认识到空间数据的独特性,如空间依赖性和空间异质性,我们深入探讨了空间和非地理空间预测模型之间的基本异同。通过分析环境和社会经济变量的六个不同数据集,比较地理空间模型和非地理空间模型,我们的研究突出了空间依赖性超越地理边界的普遍性。这种创新方法不仅识别了由经纬度定义的地理空间中的空间依赖性,还识别了其在非地理、基于属性维度中的存在。我们的研究结果揭示了空间依赖性对各领域预测结果的普遍影响,空间依赖性对所有空间的预测结果都有显著影响。我们的研究结果表明,环境变量通常在地理空间中具有最强的空间依赖性,但这一趋势并不完全适用于社会经济变量。这项研究不仅推进了空间数据分析的理论框架,还提出了在复杂条件下准确捕捉和表达空间依赖性的新方法。我们的研究将空间分析扩展到了社会网络和基因表达模式等非地理维度,强调了空间依赖性在提高预测准确性方面的作用,从而支持了地理信息科学、环境科学、经济学、社会学和生物信息学等领域的跨学科应用。
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引用次数: 0
The networks of ingredient combination in cuisines around the world 世界各地美食中的配料组合网络
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2408.15162
Claudio Caprioli, Saumitra Kulkarni, Federico Battiston, Iacopo Iacopini, Andrea Santoro, Vito Latora
Investigating how different ingredients are combined in popular dishes iscrucial to reveal the fundamental principles behind the formation of foodpreferences. Here, we use data from food repositories and network analysis tocharacterize worldwide cuisines. In our framework, each cuisine is representedas a network, where nodes correspond to ingredient types and weighted linksdescribe how frequently pairs of ingredient types appear together in recipes.The networks of ingredient combinations reveal cuisine-specific patterns,highlighting similarities and differences in gastronomic preferences acrossdifferent world regions. We find that popular ingredients, recurrentcombinations, and the way they are organized within the backbone of the networkprovide a unique fingerprint for each cuisine. Hence, we demonstrate thatnetworks of ingredient combinations are able to cluster global cuisines intomeaningful geo-cultural groups, and can also be used to train models touniquely identify a cuisine from a subset of its recipes. Our study advancesour understanding of food combinations and helps uncover the geography oftaste, paving the way for the creation of new and innovative recipes.
研究流行菜肴中不同配料的组合方式对于揭示食物偏好形成背后的基本原理至关重要。在这里,我们利用食物资料库的数据和网络分析来描述全球美食的特征。在我们的框架中,每种菜系都被表示为一个网络,其中的节点对应于配料类型,加权链接描述了配料类型在食谱中出现的频率。配料组合网络揭示了菜系的特定模式,突出了世界不同地区美食偏好的异同。我们发现,流行配料、重复出现的组合以及它们在网络骨干中的组织方式为每种菜肴提供了独特的指纹。因此,我们证明了配料组合网络能够将全球美食聚类为有意义的地理文化群体,也可以用来训练模型,从菜谱子集中独特地识别美食。我们的研究加深了人们对食物组合的理解,有助于揭示味觉地理学,为创造新颖的食谱铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Easy-access online social media metrics can effectively identify misinformation sharing users 易于访问的在线社交媒体指标可有效识别分享错误信息的用户
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2408.15186
Júlia Számely, Alessandro Galeazzi, Júlia Koltai, Elisa Omodei
Misinformation poses a significant challenge studied extensively byresearchers, yet acquiring data to identify primary sharers is costly andchallenging. To address this, we propose a low-barrier approach todifferentiate social media users who are more likely to share misinformationfrom those who are less likely. Leveraging insights from previous studies, wedemonstrate that easy-access online social network metrics -- average dailytweet count, and account age -- can be leveraged to help identify potential lowfactuality content spreaders on X (previously known as Twitter). We find thathigher tweet frequency is positively associated with low factuality in sharedcontent, while account age is negatively associated with it. We also find thatsome of the effects, namely the effect of the number of accounts followed andthe number of tweets produced, differ depending on the number of followers auser has. Our findings show that relying on these easy-access social networkmetrics could serve as a low-barrier approach for initial identification ofusers who are more likely to spread misinformation, and therefore contribute tocombating misinformation effectively on social media platforms.
误导信息是研究人员广泛研究的一个重大挑战,但获取数据以识别主要分享者的成本高昂且具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种低门槛的方法来区分那些更有可能分享错误信息的社交媒体用户和那些不太可能分享错误信息的用户。利用以往研究的洞察力,我们证明了易于访问的在线社交网络指标--平均每日推文数量和账户年龄--可以用来帮助识别 X(以前称为 Twitter)上潜在的低事实性内容传播者。我们发现,较高的推文频率与低事实性分享内容呈正相关,而账户年龄则与之呈负相关。我们还发现,一些影响,即关注账户数量和推文数量的影响,因用户拥有的关注者数量而异。我们的研究结果表明,依靠这些易于获取的社交网络指标可以作为一种低门槛的方法,初步识别出更有可能传播虚假信息的用户,从而有助于有效打击社交媒体平台上的虚假信息。
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引用次数: 0
Automating the Practice of Science -- Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications 科学实践自动化 -- 机遇、挑战和影响
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2409.05890
Sebastian Musslick, Laura K. Bartlett, Suyog H. Chandramouli, Marina Dubova, Fernand Gobet, Thomas L. Griffiths, Jessica Hullman, Ross D. King, J. Nathan Kutz, Christopher G. Lucas, Suhas Mahesh, Franco Pestilli, Sabina J. Sloman, William R. Holmes
Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization,revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain ofscientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holdingpromise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcomingthe traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates thescope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches.Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions:Where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?;What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?; and Whatare significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientificpractice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing thehurdles encountered, and examining its implications, this article invitesresearchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolvingfrontier of automated scientific practice.
自动化改变了人类文明的方方面面,使各行各业发生了革命性变化并简化了流程。在科学探究领域,自动化方法成为了强有力的工具,有望加速发现、提高可重复性并克服科学进步的传统障碍。本文对科学实践中的自动化范围进行了评估,并对最近的方法进行了评价。此外,本文还讨论了对以下问题的不同观点:科学实践自动化的最大机会在哪里? 科学实践自动化目前的瓶颈是什么?通过讨论自动化科学背后的动机、分析所遇到的瓶颈以及研究其影响,本文邀请研究人员、政策制定者和利益相关者共同探索快速发展的自动化科学实践前沿。
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引用次数: 0
Modelisation a base d'Agent Augmentes par LLM pour les Simulations Sociales: Defis et Opportunites 基于 LLM 的社会模拟增强代理建模:挑战与机遇
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2409.00100
Önder Gürcan
As large language models (LLMs) continue to make significant strides, theirbetter integration into agent-based simulations offers a transformationalpotential for understanding complex social systems. However, such integrationis not trivial and poses numerous challenges. Based on this observation, inthis paper, we explore architectures and methods to systematically developLLM-augmented social simulations and discuss potential research directions inthis field. We conclude that integrating LLMs with agent-based simulationsoffers a powerful toolset for researchers and scientists, allowing for morenuanced, realistic, and comprehensive models of complex systems and humanbehaviours.
随着大型语言模型(LLMs)不断取得长足进步,将其更好地集成到基于代理的模拟中,为理解复杂的社会系统提供了变革性的潜力。然而,这种整合并非易事,而且会带来诸多挑战。基于这一观点,我们在本文中探讨了系统开发 LLM 增强社会模拟的架构和方法,并讨论了该领域的潜在研究方向。我们的结论是,将 LLM 与基于代理的仿真整合在一起,可以为研究人员和科学家提供一个强大的工具集,从而为复杂系统和人类行为建立更均衡、更真实、更全面的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Widespread misidentification of SEM instruments in the peer-reviewed materials science and engineering literature 同行评审的材料科学与工程文献中对扫描电子显微镜仪器的广泛误认
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2409.00104
Reese AK Richardson, Jeonghyun Moon, Spencer S Hong, Luís A Nunes Amaral
Materials science and engineering (MSE) research has, for the most part,escaped the doubts raised about the reliability of the scientific literature byrecent large-scale replication studies in psychology and cancer biology.However, users on post-publication peer review sites have recently identifieddozens of articles where the make and model of the scanning electron microscope(SEM) listed in the text of the paper does not match the instrument's metadatavisible in the images in the published article. In order to systematicallyinvestigate this potential risk to the MSE literature, we develop asemi-automated approach to scan published figures for this metadata and checkit against the SEM instrument identified in the text. Starting from anexhaustive set of 1,067,102 articles published since 2010 in 50 journals withimpact factors ranging from 2 to 24, we identify 11,314 articles for which SEMmake and model can be identified in an image's metadata. For 21.2% of thosearticles, the image metadata does not match the SEM manufacturer or modellisted in the text and, for another 24.7%, at least some of the instrumentsused in the study are not reported. Unexplained patterns common to many ofthese articles suggest the involvement of paper mills, organizations thatmass-produce, sell authorship on, and publish fraudulent scientific manuscriptsat scale.
材料科学与工程(MSE)研究在很大程度上避免了心理学和癌症生物学领域近期大规模复制研究对科学文献可靠性的质疑。然而,发表后同行评审网站的用户最近发现了数十篇文章,在这些文章中,论文正文中列出的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的品牌和型号与发表文章图片中可见的仪器元数据不符。为了系统地研究 MSE 文献的这一潜在风险,我们开发了一种半自动方法来扫描已发表文章中的图片,以查找这些元数据,并与文中标明的 SEM 仪器进行核对。从 2010 年以来在 50 种期刊上发表的 1,067,102 篇文章(影响因子从 2 到 24 不等)的详尽集合开始,我们发现有 11,314 篇文章的图像元数据中可以识别出 SEM 制造商和型号。在这些文章中,有 21.2% 的图片元数据与文中列出的 SEM 制造商或型号不符,另有 24.7% 的文章至少没有报告研究中使用的部分仪器。在这些文章中,许多文章都有无法解释的共同模式,这表明有造纸厂参与其中,这些造纸厂是大规模生产、出售作者署名权和出版虚假科学手稿的组织。
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引用次数: 0
Professionalising Community Management Roles in Interdisciplinary Research Projects 跨学科研究项目中的社区管理角色专业化
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2409.00108
Malvika Sharan, Emma Karoune, Vicky Hellon, Cassandra Gould van Praag, Gabin Kayumbi, Arielle Bennett, Alexandra Araujo Alvarez, Anne Lee Steele, Sophia Batchelor, Arron Lacey, Kirstie Whitaker
This article discusses the professionalisation of community management rolesin data science and AI research, referred to here as Research CommunityManagers (RCMs).
本文讨论了数据科学和人工智能研究中社区管理角色的专业化问题,在此称为研究社区管理者(RCMs)。
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引用次数: 0
Boosting the clean energy transition through data science 通过数据科学推动清洁能源转型
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: arxiv-2408.15211
A. Fronzetti Colladon, A. L. Pisello, L. F. Cabeza
The demand for research supporting the development of new policy frameworksfor energy saving and conservation has never been more critical. As climatechange accelerates and its impacts become increasingly severe, the need forsustainable and resilient socioeconomic systems is increasingly pressing. Inresponse to this global challenge, the ten articles of this special issue seekto explore how advances in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science can drivethe energy transition and enhance environmental sustainability.
现在比以往任何时候都更需要开展研究,支持制定新的节能政策框架。随着气候变化的加速及其影响的日益严重,对可持续和有弹性的社会经济系统的需求日益迫切。为了应对这一全球性挑战,本特刊的十篇文章试图探讨人工智能和数据科学的进步如何推动能源转型并提高环境的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
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