Chao Xue, Dan Zhang, Dongkai Liu, Laizheng Jiao, Ran Li, Xianfeng Yi
Butterflies of the genus Borbo are mainly distributed in the Oriental and Australian regions and are considered pests of important crops. However, no mitochondrial genomes have been reported for this genus until now, leaving the evolutionary characteristics and differentiation patterns of their mitogenomes unclear. In this study, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the rice swift, Borbo cinnara. The circular double-stranded mitogenome was 15,508 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 1 non-coding control region (CR). Among the mitogenomes of Hesperiinae, the ND3 gene was found to be the most variable PCG, while COX1 was the most conserved. Selection pressure analysis revealed that ND3 was under relaxed purifying selection, whereas COX1 was subjected to strong purifying selection. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using both the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded robust and identical topologies, confirming the sister relationship between B. cinnara and Pelopidas mathias at the mitogenome level. Methodologically, this research enriches novel molecular markers for the species identification of butterflies and enhances our understanding of mitogenomic evolution in Lepidoptera.
{"title":"First Record of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome for the Genus Borbo (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis","authors":"Chao Xue, Dan Zhang, Dongkai Liu, Laizheng Jiao, Ran Li, Xianfeng Yi","doi":"10.3390/d16090560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090560","url":null,"abstract":"Butterflies of the genus Borbo are mainly distributed in the Oriental and Australian regions and are considered pests of important crops. However, no mitochondrial genomes have been reported for this genus until now, leaving the evolutionary characteristics and differentiation patterns of their mitogenomes unclear. In this study, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the rice swift, Borbo cinnara. The circular double-stranded mitogenome was 15,508 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 1 non-coding control region (CR). Among the mitogenomes of Hesperiinae, the ND3 gene was found to be the most variable PCG, while COX1 was the most conserved. Selection pressure analysis revealed that ND3 was under relaxed purifying selection, whereas COX1 was subjected to strong purifying selection. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using both the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded robust and identical topologies, confirming the sister relationship between B. cinnara and Pelopidas mathias at the mitogenome level. Methodologically, this research enriches novel molecular markers for the species identification of butterflies and enhances our understanding of mitogenomic evolution in Lepidoptera.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Chiorino, Cristina Spreafico, Davide Solazzo, Alberto Doretto
Ditches are widespread and common elements of the agricultural landscape. Although they can provide habitats for aquatic biodiversity, their ecosystem integrity and processes are generally limited or even unknown due to anthropogenic pressures and the paucity of studies on this type of aquatic ecosystem. This study aimed to enhance the knowledge on the biodiversity, ecosystem attributes and ecological status of agricultural ditches by analyzing the macroinvertebrate communities of six different ditches and those of the main river in the same area. While negligible differences in taxonomic richness were observed, macroinvertebrate community composition significantly varied among sites as a function of the heterogeneous habitat conditions. These compositional differences strongly affected the relative abundance of functional feeding groups among sites and their derived ecosystem attributes. Moreover, the ecological status assessment depicted different scenarios depending on the biomonitoring indices applied. By means of a multifaceted, but still poorly adopted, analysis of the macroinvertebrate community, ranging from the taxonomic and functional diversity to ecosystem attributes and biomonitoring indices, the results obtained in this study offer useful information on the ecology of agricultural ditches with potential insights to improving their management.
{"title":"Biodiversity, Ecological Status and Ecosystem Attributes of Agricultural Ditches Based on the Analysis of Macroinvertebrate Communities","authors":"Martina Chiorino, Cristina Spreafico, Davide Solazzo, Alberto Doretto","doi":"10.3390/d16090558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090558","url":null,"abstract":"Ditches are widespread and common elements of the agricultural landscape. Although they can provide habitats for aquatic biodiversity, their ecosystem integrity and processes are generally limited or even unknown due to anthropogenic pressures and the paucity of studies on this type of aquatic ecosystem. This study aimed to enhance the knowledge on the biodiversity, ecosystem attributes and ecological status of agricultural ditches by analyzing the macroinvertebrate communities of six different ditches and those of the main river in the same area. While negligible differences in taxonomic richness were observed, macroinvertebrate community composition significantly varied among sites as a function of the heterogeneous habitat conditions. These compositional differences strongly affected the relative abundance of functional feeding groups among sites and their derived ecosystem attributes. Moreover, the ecological status assessment depicted different scenarios depending on the biomonitoring indices applied. By means of a multifaceted, but still poorly adopted, analysis of the macroinvertebrate community, ranging from the taxonomic and functional diversity to ecosystem attributes and biomonitoring indices, the results obtained in this study offer useful information on the ecology of agricultural ditches with potential insights to improving their management.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hejie Wei, Jiahui Wu, Yu Ma, Ling Li, Yi Yang, Mengxue Liu
Clarifying the issues related to the supply, demand, and flow of ecosystem services is crucial for regional landscape management. This study employs the equivalence factor method and demand index quantification to analyze the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region in 2000 and 2020. We used hotspot analysis tools and the minimum cumulative resistance model to establish the ecological corridors, identifying the spatial flow paths of ecosystem services in our site. By calculating the flow volume of the key corridor value through the breakpoint formula and field strength theory and combining this with the ratio of the regulating service value, we computed the ecological compensation amount, thereby realizing the value of the ecosystem service. The results indicate that the area of balance between ecosystem service supply and demand gradually decreased and the deficit area in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region increased 43.62% from 2000 to 2020 along with rapid urbanization. The total value flow of ecosystem services by the important ecological corridors in 2000 and 2020 was USD 242.40 million and USD 365.92 million, respectively. In 2020, it was predicted that Luanchuan County would receive ecological compensation totals of USD 237.76 million from each ecological demand area, and mainly from Jinshui District. Our findings support enhancing the quality of the ecological environment and optimizing the landscape management of the Yellow River’s Henan section.
{"title":"Identifying Cross-Regional Ecological Compensation Based on Ecosystem Service Supply, Demand, and Flow for Landscape Management","authors":"Hejie Wei, Jiahui Wu, Yu Ma, Ling Li, Yi Yang, Mengxue Liu","doi":"10.3390/d16090561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090561","url":null,"abstract":"Clarifying the issues related to the supply, demand, and flow of ecosystem services is crucial for regional landscape management. This study employs the equivalence factor method and demand index quantification to analyze the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region in 2000 and 2020. We used hotspot analysis tools and the minimum cumulative resistance model to establish the ecological corridors, identifying the spatial flow paths of ecosystem services in our site. By calculating the flow volume of the key corridor value through the breakpoint formula and field strength theory and combining this with the ratio of the regulating service value, we computed the ecological compensation amount, thereby realizing the value of the ecosystem service. The results indicate that the area of balance between ecosystem service supply and demand gradually decreased and the deficit area in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region increased 43.62% from 2000 to 2020 along with rapid urbanization. The total value flow of ecosystem services by the important ecological corridors in 2000 and 2020 was USD 242.40 million and USD 365.92 million, respectively. In 2020, it was predicted that Luanchuan County would receive ecological compensation totals of USD 237.76 million from each ecological demand area, and mainly from Jinshui District. Our findings support enhancing the quality of the ecological environment and optimizing the landscape management of the Yellow River’s Henan section.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTPs) represent a priority habitat according to Directive 92/43/EEC (Natura 2000 code: 3170*). These are very shallow water habitats only seasonally flooded, with a flora mainly composed of Mediterranean therophytic and geophytic species. Its extreme seasonality and small size make this habitat highly vulnerable and hard to manage. In recent Italian monitoring campaigns, the conservation status of MTP 3170* was considered inadequate. In Apulia, where the habitat is considered as “the most vulnerable type”, 73 sites were censused, with a total coverage of about 10,000 m2. The present work refers to the monitoring for three years of a total of 16 habitat 3170* sites, with the aim of better describing faunal indicator species for this priority habitat. A total of 158 taxa of flora and 103 of fauna were identified from 54 floristic and 44 faunistic samplings in total, with a robust updating of the listed biodiversity. For the first time a group of faunal species is proposed as an indicator of the habitat MTP 3170*. The conservation status, assessed on the basis of structural and functional criteria, gave a satisfactory status for seven sites and an unsatisfactory one (variously rated as inadequate or bad) for nine.
{"title":"Biodiversity and Possible Bio-Indicators of Mediterranean Temporary Ponds in Southern Apulia, Italy","authors":"Leonardo Beccarisi, Vincenzo Zuccarello, Rita Accogli, Genuario Belmonte","doi":"10.3390/d16090559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090559","url":null,"abstract":"Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTPs) represent a priority habitat according to Directive 92/43/EEC (Natura 2000 code: 3170*). These are very shallow water habitats only seasonally flooded, with a flora mainly composed of Mediterranean therophytic and geophytic species. Its extreme seasonality and small size make this habitat highly vulnerable and hard to manage. In recent Italian monitoring campaigns, the conservation status of MTP 3170* was considered inadequate. In Apulia, where the habitat is considered as “the most vulnerable type”, 73 sites were censused, with a total coverage of about 10,000 m2. The present work refers to the monitoring for three years of a total of 16 habitat 3170* sites, with the aim of better describing faunal indicator species for this priority habitat. A total of 158 taxa of flora and 103 of fauna were identified from 54 floristic and 44 faunistic samplings in total, with a robust updating of the listed biodiversity. For the first time a group of faunal species is proposed as an indicator of the habitat MTP 3170*. The conservation status, assessed on the basis of structural and functional criteria, gave a satisfactory status for seven sites and an unsatisfactory one (variously rated as inadequate or bad) for nine.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitar Dimitrov, Tihomir R. Stefanov, Vladimir Mladenov, Ivaylo Dimchev, Kiril Valkanov, Nikolay Kolev, Nikolay Natchev
In the present study, we provide a checklist of the predators that may impact the population of the critically endangered Mandra shemaya (Alburnus mandrensis Drensky, 1943). This endemic fish only inhabits the basin of Mandra Lake in the Burgas district (SE Bulgaria) and data on its biology are scarce. We have confirmed the presence of the Mandra shemaya in Mandra Lake for the last six years (including 2024) and provided an analysis on the potential predatory pressures on A. mandrensis. The recently recorded presence of a highly invasive piscivorous predatory fish in Mandra Lake is considered potentially dangerous for the sustainability of native fish species.
{"title":"Piscivorous Vertebrates That May Pose a Risk to the Critically Endangered Mandra Shemaya, Alburnus mandrensis (Drensky, 1943) (Actinopterygii; Leuciscidae)","authors":"Dimitar Dimitrov, Tihomir R. Stefanov, Vladimir Mladenov, Ivaylo Dimchev, Kiril Valkanov, Nikolay Kolev, Nikolay Natchev","doi":"10.3390/d16090555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090555","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we provide a checklist of the predators that may impact the population of the critically endangered Mandra shemaya (Alburnus mandrensis Drensky, 1943). This endemic fish only inhabits the basin of Mandra Lake in the Burgas district (SE Bulgaria) and data on its biology are scarce. We have confirmed the presence of the Mandra shemaya in Mandra Lake for the last six years (including 2024) and provided an analysis on the potential predatory pressures on A. mandrensis. The recently recorded presence of a highly invasive piscivorous predatory fish in Mandra Lake is considered potentially dangerous for the sustainability of native fish species.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deforestation in the tropics causes shifts in adult odonate community structure, from forests dominated by thermoconforming zygopteran specialists to open areas with higher representations of heliothermic anisopterans. We tested for these shifts in the Maquina and Cuecha rivers in Monteverde, Costa Rica. We compared adult odonate communities in 100 m plots (subdivided into twenty 5 m subplots) located in disturbed, partially open areas with those in 100 m plots located in intact forest and used general linear models to describe how odonate abundance, species richness, species diversity, and the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio varied among plots, subplots, habitat type (disturbed/forested), rivers, and as functions of percent canopy cover and light levels. Plots varied in light levels and percent canopy cover, but there were no significant differences in species richness or diversity. Community composition, however, varied across plots and subplots in NMDS and PERMANOVA analyses, largely as a consequence of the preference of Hetaerina cruentata and Paltothemis lineatipes for high light subplots and H. majuscula for low light subplots. NMDS axes were significantly correlated with percent canopy cover and light level in subplots, and the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio correlated with NMDS axes at both the plot and subplot scales, indicating that the relative abundance of anisopterans did increase with increasing light and decreasing canopy cover. Differences among plots and habitats can largely be attributed to species-specific differences in habitat selection at a small spatial scale, causing predicted shifts in the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio as dominance shifts from endemic forest species to wide-ranging generalists. This is one of the first studies that confirms these patterns for a cloud forest community.
{"title":"The Effects of Light Environment on Adult Odonate Communities in Disturbed and Intact Forest: The Importance of Small-Scale Effects","authors":"Wade B. Worthen, Meyer Guevara-Mora","doi":"10.3390/d16090557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090557","url":null,"abstract":"Deforestation in the tropics causes shifts in adult odonate community structure, from forests dominated by thermoconforming zygopteran specialists to open areas with higher representations of heliothermic anisopterans. We tested for these shifts in the Maquina and Cuecha rivers in Monteverde, Costa Rica. We compared adult odonate communities in 100 m plots (subdivided into twenty 5 m subplots) located in disturbed, partially open areas with those in 100 m plots located in intact forest and used general linear models to describe how odonate abundance, species richness, species diversity, and the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio varied among plots, subplots, habitat type (disturbed/forested), rivers, and as functions of percent canopy cover and light levels. Plots varied in light levels and percent canopy cover, but there were no significant differences in species richness or diversity. Community composition, however, varied across plots and subplots in NMDS and PERMANOVA analyses, largely as a consequence of the preference of Hetaerina cruentata and Paltothemis lineatipes for high light subplots and H. majuscula for low light subplots. NMDS axes were significantly correlated with percent canopy cover and light level in subplots, and the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio correlated with NMDS axes at both the plot and subplot scales, indicating that the relative abundance of anisopterans did increase with increasing light and decreasing canopy cover. Differences among plots and habitats can largely be attributed to species-specific differences in habitat selection at a small spatial scale, causing predicted shifts in the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio as dominance shifts from endemic forest species to wide-ranging generalists. This is one of the first studies that confirms these patterns for a cloud forest community.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chung Il Lee, Moongeun Yoon, Keun-Yong Kim, Biet Thanh Tran, Chang-Keun Kang, Yun-Hwan Jung, Hae Kun Jung, Insong Koh, Jiyoung Woo
The walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814), is one of the most commercially and ecologically valuable species in the Northwestern Pacific. However, combined pressures of overfishing and environmental changes have led to a substantial decline in its production in Japan and Russia since the 1990s, and a collapse in Korea since the 2000s. The objective of this study was to comprehensively examine its genetic diversity and population structure with an extensive sampling effort of 16 populations across the Northwestern Pacific including South Korea, Japan, and Russia. A multiplex PCR assay composed of seven microsatellite markers revealed a moderate level of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.369–0.599), which is lower than that reported in previous studies of this species. All loci were highly polymorphic, with the mean PIC ranging from 0.608 to 0.793. The structure of the 16 populations was characterized by heterozygote deficiency, a modest effective allele number (Ne = 4.551–7.969), low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.000–0.054), a weak population structure, a genetic admixture, and no significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distance. These characteristics are typical of pelagic marine species with large population sizes due to a consistent gene flow among populations when there are no physical boundaries in the open ocean. The seasonal and country-specific genetic structure indicated that G. chalcogrammus populations in the Northwestern Pacific region should be managed as a single management unit. The findings from this study provide critical information for future genetic monitoring, conservation management, and the development of strategies aimed at restoring the populations of this species.
{"title":"Insight into the Population Genetics of the Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814) in the Northwestern Pacific from Microsatellite Multiplex Assay Study","authors":"Chung Il Lee, Moongeun Yoon, Keun-Yong Kim, Biet Thanh Tran, Chang-Keun Kang, Yun-Hwan Jung, Hae Kun Jung, Insong Koh, Jiyoung Woo","doi":"10.3390/d16090556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090556","url":null,"abstract":"The walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814), is one of the most commercially and ecologically valuable species in the Northwestern Pacific. However, combined pressures of overfishing and environmental changes have led to a substantial decline in its production in Japan and Russia since the 1990s, and a collapse in Korea since the 2000s. The objective of this study was to comprehensively examine its genetic diversity and population structure with an extensive sampling effort of 16 populations across the Northwestern Pacific including South Korea, Japan, and Russia. A multiplex PCR assay composed of seven microsatellite markers revealed a moderate level of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.369–0.599), which is lower than that reported in previous studies of this species. All loci were highly polymorphic, with the mean PIC ranging from 0.608 to 0.793. The structure of the 16 populations was characterized by heterozygote deficiency, a modest effective allele number (Ne = 4.551–7.969), low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.000–0.054), a weak population structure, a genetic admixture, and no significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distance. These characteristics are typical of pelagic marine species with large population sizes due to a consistent gene flow among populations when there are no physical boundaries in the open ocean. The seasonal and country-specific genetic structure indicated that G. chalcogrammus populations in the Northwestern Pacific region should be managed as a single management unit. The findings from this study provide critical information for future genetic monitoring, conservation management, and the development of strategies aimed at restoring the populations of this species.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narragansett Bay is an estuarine system in the western North Atlantic Ocean that harbors a diverse marine flora, providing structure, habitat, and food for native biodiversity. This area has been the center of numerous environmental, biological, ecological, and oceanographic studies; however, marine macroalgae have not been extensively examined using modern molecular methods. Here, we document the biodiversity of the red algal order Ceramiales based on DNA sequence comparisons of the 3′ end of the RuBisCo large subunit (rbcL-3P) and the universal plastid amplicon (UPA). Thirty-seven distinct species of this order were identified and validated with molecular data, including five new species reports and at least one new report of an introduced species, Antithamnionella spirographidis, in the vicinity of Narraganset Bay. Novel sequence data were generated for numerous species, and it was discovered that the UPA marker, which has been less frequently used in red algal floristics, revealed an identical inventory of ceramialean algae as the rbcL-3P marker. Thus, the shorter length of the UPA marker holds promise for DNA metabarcoding studies that seek to elucidate biodiversity across algal phyla.
{"title":"A Molecular-Informed Species Inventory of the Order Ceramiales (Rhodophyta) in the Narragansett Bay Area (Rhode Island and Massachusetts), USA","authors":"Thomas Irvine, Brian Wysor, Alicia Beauvais","doi":"10.3390/d16090554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090554","url":null,"abstract":"Narragansett Bay is an estuarine system in the western North Atlantic Ocean that harbors a diverse marine flora, providing structure, habitat, and food for native biodiversity. This area has been the center of numerous environmental, biological, ecological, and oceanographic studies; however, marine macroalgae have not been extensively examined using modern molecular methods. Here, we document the biodiversity of the red algal order Ceramiales based on DNA sequence comparisons of the 3′ end of the RuBisCo large subunit (rbcL-3P) and the universal plastid amplicon (UPA). Thirty-seven distinct species of this order were identified and validated with molecular data, including five new species reports and at least one new report of an introduced species, Antithamnionella spirographidis, in the vicinity of Narraganset Bay. Novel sequence data were generated for numerous species, and it was discovered that the UPA marker, which has been less frequently used in red algal floristics, revealed an identical inventory of ceramialean algae as the rbcL-3P marker. Thus, the shorter length of the UPA marker holds promise for DNA metabarcoding studies that seek to elucidate biodiversity across algal phyla.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan H. Geisler, Brian L. Beatty, Robert W. Boessenecker
Coronodon includes species of basal toothed mysticetes that were initially interpreted as engaging in raptorial feeding and dental filtration. Here, the feeding of this extinct genus is revisited based on recently described specimens and species. Associations between tooth position and types of dental wear were tested, and evidence for feeding behaviors was tabulated using scores from 14 craniodental characters, each mapped onto five alternate phylogenetic hypotheses. Individual character states were interpreted as being supportive, neutral, or contradictory evidence to raptorial feeding, suction feeding, baleen filtration, or dental filtration. Wear in Coronodon was found to be significantly more concentrated on mesial teeth, mesial cusps, higher cusps, and upper teeth. Upper teeth also had mesial cusps more worn than distal cusps, inconsistent with predictions of the dental filtration hypothesis. Wear in notches was correlated with wear on neighboring cusps, and side wear was concentrated on occlusal sides, suggesting both were caused by raptorial feeding. These observations raise the possibility that raptorial feeding was the primary, and maybe even the only, mode of feeding for Coronodon. The feeding scores of reconstructed ancestors leading to crown mysticetes typically display a stepwise decrease in raptorial feeding, a stepwise increase in baleen filtration, and, occasionally, an intermediate but weakly supported stage of dental filtration. For most toothed mysticetes, there is little evidence for or against suction feeding. The method we have developed for studying the origin of baleen can be expanded and allows for multiple hypotheses to be tested without undue emphasis on any particular taxon or set of characters.
{"title":"New Evidence of the Feeding Behaviors of Coronodon and the Origin of Filter Feeding in Mysticetes (Mammalia: Cetacea) Revisited","authors":"Jonathan H. Geisler, Brian L. Beatty, Robert W. Boessenecker","doi":"10.3390/d16090549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090549","url":null,"abstract":"Coronodon includes species of basal toothed mysticetes that were initially interpreted as engaging in raptorial feeding and dental filtration. Here, the feeding of this extinct genus is revisited based on recently described specimens and species. Associations between tooth position and types of dental wear were tested, and evidence for feeding behaviors was tabulated using scores from 14 craniodental characters, each mapped onto five alternate phylogenetic hypotheses. Individual character states were interpreted as being supportive, neutral, or contradictory evidence to raptorial feeding, suction feeding, baleen filtration, or dental filtration. Wear in Coronodon was found to be significantly more concentrated on mesial teeth, mesial cusps, higher cusps, and upper teeth. Upper teeth also had mesial cusps more worn than distal cusps, inconsistent with predictions of the dental filtration hypothesis. Wear in notches was correlated with wear on neighboring cusps, and side wear was concentrated on occlusal sides, suggesting both were caused by raptorial feeding. These observations raise the possibility that raptorial feeding was the primary, and maybe even the only, mode of feeding for Coronodon. The feeding scores of reconstructed ancestors leading to crown mysticetes typically display a stepwise decrease in raptorial feeding, a stepwise increase in baleen filtration, and, occasionally, an intermediate but weakly supported stage of dental filtration. For most toothed mysticetes, there is little evidence for or against suction feeding. The method we have developed for studying the origin of baleen can be expanded and allows for multiple hypotheses to be tested without undue emphasis on any particular taxon or set of characters.","PeriodicalId":501149,"journal":{"name":"Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelangelo Bisconti, Piero Damarco, Lorenza Marengo, Mattia Macagno, Riccardo Daniello, Marco Pavia, Giorgio Carnevale
A new fossil gray whale genus and species, Glaucobalaena inopinata, is established based on craniomandibular remains from the Pliocene Sabbie d’Asti Formation, Piedmont, northwestern Italy. The holotype (MGPT-PU 19512) consists of two cranial fragments corresponding to the posterolateral corners of the skull, including both partial periotics, and in the posterior portion of the right mandibular ramus preserving the condyle and angular process. The new taxon is characterized by gray whale (eschrichtiid) synapomorphies in the posterior portion of the mandible (dorsally raised mandibular condyle with articular surface faced dorsoposteriorly, well-developed and robust angular process of the mandible) and in the earbone (massive transverse elongation of the pars cochlearis, indistinct flange of the ventrolateral tuberosity, and triangular and short anterior process of the periotic). A CT scan of the cranial fragments allowed us to reconstruct tridimensional renderings of the periotic, revealing the dorsal morphology of this bone. A phylogenetic analysis confirmed the inclusion of Glaucobalaena inopinata within Eschrichtiidae (the family to whom gray whales are included) and showed that it is monophyletic with Gricetoides aurorae; our phylogenetic results show that Eschrichtioides gastaldii is the sister group of the genus Eschrichtius. Our work lends further support to the idea that Eschrichtiidae is a separate family of baleen whales, characterized by specialized ecomorphological characters evident in both skull and mandibular architecture.
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