Ivan Dimitrijevic, Branko Dragovich, Zoran Rakic, Jelena Stankovic
It is already known that a simple nonlocal de Sitter gravity model, which we denote as $sqrt{dS}$ gravity, contains an exact vacuum cosmological solution which mimics dark energy and dark matter and is in very good agreement with the standard model of cosmology. This success of $sqrt{dS}$ gravity motivated us to investigate how it works at lower than cosmic scale -- galactic and the solar system. This paper contains our investigation of the corresponding Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric of the $sqrt{dS}$ gravity model. To get exact solution, it is necessary to solve the corresponding nonlinear differential equation, what is a very complicated and difficult problem. What we obtained is a solution of linearized equation, which is related to space metric far from the massive body, where gravitational field is weak. The obtained approximate solution is of particular interest for examining the possible role of non-local de Sitter gravity $sqrt{dS}$ in describing the effects in galactic dynamics that are usually attributed to dark matter. The solution has been tested on the Milky Way and the spiral galaxy M33 and is in good agreement with observational measurements.
{"title":"The Schwarzschild-de Sitter Metric of Nonlocal $sqrt{dS}$ Gravity","authors":"Ivan Dimitrijevic, Branko Dragovich, Zoran Rakic, Jelena Stankovic","doi":"arxiv-2404.05848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.05848","url":null,"abstract":"It is already known that a simple nonlocal de Sitter gravity model, which we\u0000denote as $sqrt{dS}$ gravity, contains an exact vacuum cosmological solution\u0000which mimics dark energy and dark matter and is in very good agreement with the\u0000standard model of cosmology. This success of $sqrt{dS}$ gravity motivated us\u0000to investigate how it works at lower than cosmic scale -- galactic and the\u0000solar system. This paper contains our investigation of the corresponding\u0000Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric of the $sqrt{dS}$ gravity model. To get exact\u0000solution, it is necessary to solve the corresponding nonlinear differential\u0000equation, what is a very complicated and difficult problem. What we obtained is\u0000a solution of linearized equation, which is related to space metric far from\u0000the massive body, where gravitational field is weak. The obtained approximate\u0000solution is of particular interest for examining the possible role of non-local\u0000de Sitter gravity $sqrt{dS}$ in describing the effects in galactic dynamics\u0000that are usually attributed to dark matter. The solution has been tested on the\u0000Milky Way and the spiral galaxy M33 and is in good agreement with observational\u0000measurements.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article I am arguing in favour of the hypothesis that the origin of gauge and string dualities in general can be found in a higher-categorical interpretation of basic quantum mechanics. It is interesting to observe that the Galilei group has a non-trivial cohomology, while the Lorentz/Poincare group has trivial cohomology. When we constructed quantum mechanics, we noticed the non-trivial cohomology structure of the Galilei group and hence, we required for a proper quantisation procedure that would be compatible with the symmetry group of our theory, to go to a central extension of the Galilei group universal covering by co-cycle. This would be the Bargmann group. However, Nature didn't choose this path. Instead in nature, the Galilei group is not realised, while the Lorentz group is. The fact that the Galilei group has topological obstructions leads to a central charge, the mass, and a superselection rule, required to implement the Galilei symmetry, that forbids transitions between states of different mass. The topological structure of the Lorentz group however lacks such an obstruction, and hence allows for transitions between states of different mass. The connectivity structure of the Lorentz group as opposed to that of the Galilei group can be interpreted in the sense of an ER=EPR duality for the topological space associated to group cohomology. In string theory we started with the Witt algebra, and due to similar quantisation issues, we employed the central extension by co-cycle to obtain the Virasoro algebra. This is a unique extension for orientation preserving diffeomorphisms on a circle, but there is no reason to believe that, at the high energy domain in physics where this would apply, we do not have a totally different structure altogether and the degrees of freedom present there would require something vastly more general and global.
{"title":"(Pseudo-)Synthetic BRST quantisation of the bosonic string and the higher quantum origin of dualities","authors":"Andrei T. Patrascu","doi":"arxiv-2404.06522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.06522","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I am arguing in favour of the hypothesis that the origin of\u0000gauge and string dualities in general can be found in a higher-categorical\u0000interpretation of basic quantum mechanics. It is interesting to observe that\u0000the Galilei group has a non-trivial cohomology, while the Lorentz/Poincare\u0000group has trivial cohomology. When we constructed quantum mechanics, we noticed\u0000the non-trivial cohomology structure of the Galilei group and hence, we\u0000required for a proper quantisation procedure that would be compatible with the\u0000symmetry group of our theory, to go to a central extension of the Galilei group\u0000universal covering by co-cycle. This would be the Bargmann group. However,\u0000Nature didn't choose this path. Instead in nature, the Galilei group is not\u0000realised, while the Lorentz group is. The fact that the Galilei group has\u0000topological obstructions leads to a central charge, the mass, and a\u0000superselection rule, required to implement the Galilei symmetry, that forbids\u0000transitions between states of different mass. The topological structure of the\u0000Lorentz group however lacks such an obstruction, and hence allows for\u0000transitions between states of different mass. The connectivity structure of the\u0000Lorentz group as opposed to that of the Galilei group can be interpreted in the\u0000sense of an ER=EPR duality for the topological space associated to group\u0000cohomology. In string theory we started with the Witt algebra, and due to\u0000similar quantisation issues, we employed the central extension by co-cycle to\u0000obtain the Virasoro algebra. This is a unique extension for orientation\u0000preserving diffeomorphisms on a circle, but there is no reason to believe that,\u0000at the high energy domain in physics where this would apply, we do not have a\u0000totally different structure altogether and the degrees of freedom present there\u0000would require something vastly more general and global.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vast literature on the experiments and mathematical formulations on the geometric phases signifies the importance of this subject. Physical mechanism for the origin of the geometric phases in optics was suggested in 1992 by the author in terms of the exchange of the angular momentum. Some of the literature has taken notice of it, however, the real import of the suggested mechanism and the angular momentum holonomy conjecture has remained elusive. The present contribution delineates the prevailing confusions and offers a thorough discussion on the nature of the light waves to resolve the conceptual issues. It is argued that at a fundamental level there exist only two types of geometric phases arising from (i) the geometry of the wave vector space, and (ii) the polarization state space. For the light beams of definite polarization spatial modes (HG or LG modes) the geometric phase has origin in the wave vector space that is different than the spin redirection phase for the polarized light. Angular momentum holonomy is proposed to be equivalent to the geometric phase in general.
有关几何相的实验和数学公式的大量文献表明了这一课题的重要性。1992 年，作者从角动量交换的角度提出了光学中几何相起源的物理机制。一些文献已经注意到了这一点，然而，所提出的机制和角动量整体性猜想的真正意义却一直难以捉摸。本论文描述了普遍存在的困惑，并对光波的性质进行了深入探讨，以解决概念问题。论文认为，从根本上讲，只存在两种类型的几何相位，它们产生于（i）波矢量空间的几何形状和（ii）偏振态空间。对于确定偏振空间模式（HG 或 LG 模式）的光束，几何相位起源于波矢空间，与偏振光的自旋重定向相位不同。角动量整体性被认为等同于一般的几何相位。
{"title":"Physical mechanism for the geometric phases in optics and angular momentum holonomy","authors":"S C Tiwari","doi":"arxiv-2404.05747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.05747","url":null,"abstract":"Vast literature on the experiments and mathematical formulations on the\u0000geometric phases signifies the importance of this subject. Physical mechanism\u0000for the origin of the geometric phases in optics was suggested in 1992 by the\u0000author in terms of the exchange of the angular momentum. Some of the literature\u0000has taken notice of it, however, the real import of the suggested mechanism and\u0000the angular momentum holonomy conjecture has remained elusive. The present\u0000contribution delineates the prevailing confusions and offers a thorough\u0000discussion on the nature of the light waves to resolve the conceptual issues.\u0000It is argued that at a fundamental level there exist only two types of\u0000geometric phases arising from (i) the geometry of the wave vector space, and\u0000(ii) the polarization state space. For the light beams of definite polarization\u0000spatial modes (HG or LG modes) the geometric phase has origin in the wave\u0000vector space that is different than the spin redirection phase for the\u0000polarized light. Angular momentum holonomy is proposed to be equivalent to the\u0000geometric phase in general.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new type of non-invasive deep-brain stimulation is conceived and demonstrated by computer simulations. The process is based on spatio-temporal Fourier synthesis using multiple electrode pairs with sinusoidal current drive to limit skin sensations and concentrate the stimulus power to a small spatial volume and into large rare spikes in the times domain, while the signal power at the skin is steady and small. Exotic time signals are also shown, such as the cases of high-frequency prime harmonics, quasi-random and chirping stimulations. The first one is able to generate sharp spikes with low frequency while its carriers are high-frequency harmonics that easily conducts via the skin and brain tissue. Open questions are, among others, the best shapes and timing of spikes. The answers require experimental tests and explorations in animal models and human subjects.
{"title":"Non-invasive deep-brain stimulations by spatio-temporal fourier synthesis","authors":"Laszlo B. Kish, Andrea Antal","doi":"arxiv-2404.02186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.02186","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of non-invasive deep-brain stimulation is conceived and\u0000demonstrated by computer simulations. The process is based on spatio-temporal\u0000Fourier synthesis using multiple electrode pairs with sinusoidal current drive\u0000to limit skin sensations and concentrate the stimulus power to a small spatial\u0000volume and into large rare spikes in the times domain, while the signal power\u0000at the skin is steady and small. Exotic time signals are also shown, such as\u0000the cases of high-frequency prime harmonics, quasi-random and chirping\u0000stimulations. The first one is able to generate sharp spikes with low frequency\u0000while its carriers are high-frequency harmonics that easily conducts via the\u0000skin and brain tissue. Open questions are, among others, the best shapes and\u0000timing of spikes. The answers require experimental tests and explorations in\u0000animal models and human subjects.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Standard Model is an up-to-date theory that best summarizes current knowledge in particle physics. Although some problems still remain open, it represents the leading model which all physicists refer to. One of the pillars which underpin the Standard Model is represented by the Lorentz invariance of the equations that form its backbone. These equations made it possible to predict the existence of particles and phenomena that experimental physics had not yet been able to detect. The first hint of formulating a fundamental theory of particles can be found in the 1932 Majorana equation, formulated when electrons and protons were the only known particles. Today we know that parts of the hypotheses set by Majorana were not correct, but his equation hid concepts that are found in the Standard Model. In this study, the Majorana equation is revisited and solved for free particles. The time-like, light-like and space-like solutions, represented by infinite-component wave functions, are discussed. Furthermore, by introducing subsidiary conditions on the mass term, it is possible to quantize both the fermionic and the bosonic towers, obtaining the mass spectrum of the entire family of charged leptons, baryons and mesons.
{"title":"The 1932 Majorana equation: a forgotten but surprisingly modern particle theory","authors":"Luca Nanni","doi":"arxiv-2404.01357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.01357","url":null,"abstract":"The Standard Model is an up-to-date theory that best summarizes current\u0000knowledge in particle physics. Although some problems still remain open, it\u0000represents the leading model which all physicists refer to. One of the pillars\u0000which underpin the Standard Model is represented by the Lorentz invariance of\u0000the equations that form its backbone. These equations made it possible to\u0000predict the existence of particles and phenomena that experimental physics had\u0000not yet been able to detect. The first hint of formulating a fundamental theory\u0000of particles can be found in the 1932 Majorana equation, formulated when\u0000electrons and protons were the only known particles. Today we know that parts\u0000of the hypotheses set by Majorana were not correct, but his equation hid\u0000concepts that are found in the Standard Model. In this study, the Majorana\u0000equation is revisited and solved for free particles. The time-like, light-like\u0000and space-like solutions, represented by infinite-component wave functions, are\u0000discussed. Furthermore, by introducing subsidiary conditions on the mass term,\u0000it is possible to quantize both the fermionic and the bosonic towers, obtaining\u0000the mass spectrum of the entire family of charged leptons, baryons and mesons.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I show how the isomorphism between the Lie groups of types $B_2$ and $C_2$ leads to a faithful action of the Clifford algebra $mathcal Cell(3,2)$ on the phase space of 2-dimensional dynamics, and hence to a mapping from Dirac spinors modulo scalars into this same phase space. Extending to the phase space of 3-dimensional dynamics allows one to embed all the gauge groups of the Standard Model as well, and hence unify the electro-weak and strong forces into a single algebraic structure, identified as the gauge group of Hamiltonian dynamics. The gauge group transforms between phase space coordinates appropriate for arbitrary observers, and therefore shows how the apparently arbitrary parameters of the Standard Model transform between mutually accelerating observers. In particular, it is possible to calculate the transformation between an inertial frame and the laboratory frame, in order to explain how macroscopic laboratory mechanics emerges from quantum mechanics, and to show how to write down a quantum theory of gravity that is consistent with quantum mechanics, but is not consistent with General Relativity.
{"title":"A Clifford algebra model in phase space","authors":"Robert A. Wilson","doi":"arxiv-2404.04278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.04278","url":null,"abstract":"I show how the isomorphism between the Lie groups of types $B_2$ and $C_2$\u0000leads to a faithful action of the Clifford algebra $mathcal Cell(3,2)$ on the\u0000phase space of 2-dimensional dynamics, and hence to a mapping from Dirac\u0000spinors modulo scalars into this same phase space. Extending to the phase space\u0000of 3-dimensional dynamics allows one to embed all the gauge groups of the\u0000Standard Model as well, and hence unify the electro-weak and strong forces into\u0000a single algebraic structure, identified as the gauge group of Hamiltonian\u0000dynamics. The gauge group transforms between phase space coordinates\u0000appropriate for arbitrary observers, and therefore shows how the apparently\u0000arbitrary parameters of the Standard Model transform between mutually\u0000accelerating observers. In particular, it is possible to calculate the\u0000transformation between an inertial frame and the laboratory frame, in order to\u0000explain how macroscopic laboratory mechanics emerges from quantum mechanics,\u0000and to show how to write down a quantum theory of gravity that is consistent\u0000with quantum mechanics, but is not consistent with General Relativity.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conditions required by quantum matter to modify space-time geometry are explored within the framework of the general theory of relativity. The required characteristics for space-time modification in solid state structures, are met in either (a) massive photon Bose-Einstein condensate in a waveguide, or (b) the massive photons in superconductor's bulk, or (c) the Bose-Einstein condensate of acoustic phonons, or (d) a metal-insulator-topological insulator heterostructure.
{"title":"Quantum matter and gravitation: photons in a waveguide","authors":"Victor Atanasov, Avadh Saxena","doi":"arxiv-2404.04277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.04277","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions required by quantum matter to modify space-time geometry are\u0000explored within the framework of the general theory of relativity. The required\u0000characteristics for space-time modification in solid state structures, are met\u0000in either (a) massive photon Bose-Einstein condensate in a waveguide, or (b)\u0000the massive photons in superconductor's bulk, or (c) the Bose-Einstein\u0000condensate of acoustic phonons, or (d) a metal-insulator-topological insulator\u0000heterostructure.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanchuan Chen, Yichao Liu, Fei Sun, Qianhan Sun, Xiaoxiao Wu, Ran Sun
Simultaneously concentrating EM waves and heat fluxes to the same target region within an on-chip system carries substantial academic research importance and practical application value. Nevertheless, existing researches are primarily aimed at the design and experimentation of concentrators for individual EM waves or temperature fields. In this work, a thermal-EM concentrator, capable of simultaneously concentrating EM waves and heat fluxes, is designed using transformation optics/thermodynamics and fabricated with engineered EM-thermal metamaterials. The concentrating effects of the proposed thermal-EM concentrator on the thermal fluxes and EM waves are verified through numerical simulations and experimental measurements, respectively, which are in good agreement with each other. Both numerically simulated and experimentally measured results demonstrate the concentrating capability of the proposed thermal-EM concentrator, which can concentrate broadband TM-polarized EM waves ranging from 8-12 GHz and heat/cold flows to the same target region within an on-chip operating environment. The thermal-EM concentrator exhibits a thermal focusing efficiency close to 100% and more than three times enhancement of the magnetic field at the designed center frequency of 10 GHz. The proposed thermal-EM concentrator can be utilized for efficient cooling for the specified component and simultaneously enhancing the EM antenna's radiation/reception efficiency within an on-chip system.
{"title":"Experimental demonstration of a thermal-EM concentrator for enhancing EM signals and converging heat fluxes simultaneously","authors":"Hanchuan Chen, Yichao Liu, Fei Sun, Qianhan Sun, Xiaoxiao Wu, Ran Sun","doi":"arxiv-2403.16579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.16579","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneously concentrating EM waves and heat fluxes to the same target\u0000region within an on-chip system carries substantial academic research\u0000importance and practical application value. Nevertheless, existing researches\u0000are primarily aimed at the design and experimentation of concentrators for\u0000individual EM waves or temperature fields. In this work, a thermal-EM\u0000concentrator, capable of simultaneously concentrating EM waves and heat fluxes,\u0000is designed using transformation optics/thermodynamics and fabricated with\u0000engineered EM-thermal metamaterials. The concentrating effects of the proposed\u0000thermal-EM concentrator on the thermal fluxes and EM waves are verified through\u0000numerical simulations and experimental measurements, respectively, which are in\u0000good agreement with each other. Both numerically simulated and experimentally\u0000measured results demonstrate the concentrating capability of the proposed\u0000thermal-EM concentrator, which can concentrate broadband TM-polarized EM waves\u0000ranging from 8-12 GHz and heat/cold flows to the same target region within an\u0000on-chip operating environment. The thermal-EM concentrator exhibits a thermal\u0000focusing efficiency close to 100% and more than three times enhancement of the\u0000magnetic field at the designed center frequency of 10 GHz. The proposed\u0000thermal-EM concentrator can be utilized for efficient cooling for the specified\u0000component and simultaneously enhancing the EM antenna's radiation/reception\u0000efficiency within an on-chip system.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140298754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WE analyse the universe inflation when the source of gravity is electromagnetic fields obeying nonlinear electrodynamics with two parameters and without singularities. The cosmology of the universe with stochastic magnetic fields is considered. The condition for the universe inflation is obtained. It is demonstrated that singularities of the energy density and pressure are absent as the scale factor approaches to zero. When the scale factor goes to infinity one has equation of state for ultra-relativistic case. The curvature invariants do not possess singularities. The evolution of universe is described showing that at large time the scale factor corresponds to the radiation era. The duration of universe inflation is analysed. We study the classical stability and causality by computing the speed of the sound. Cosmological parameters such as the spectral index $n_s$, the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ and the running of the spectral index $alpha_s$ are evaluated.
{"title":"Universe inflation and nonlinear electrodynamics","authors":"S. I. Kruglov","doi":"arxiv-2403.17043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.17043","url":null,"abstract":"WE analyse the universe inflation when the source of gravity is\u0000electromagnetic fields obeying nonlinear electrodynamics with two parameters\u0000and without singularities. The cosmology of the universe with stochastic\u0000magnetic fields is considered. The condition for the universe inflation is\u0000obtained. It is demonstrated that singularities of the energy density and\u0000pressure are absent as the scale factor approaches to zero. When the scale\u0000factor goes to infinity one has equation of state for ultra-relativistic case.\u0000The curvature invariants do not possess singularities. The evolution of\u0000universe is described showing that at large time the scale factor corresponds\u0000to the radiation era. The duration of universe inflation is analysed. We study\u0000the classical stability and causality by computing the speed of the sound.\u0000Cosmological parameters such as the spectral index $n_s$, the tensor-to-scalar\u0000ratio $r$ and the running of the spectral index $alpha_s$ are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum field theory (QFT) describes the dynamics of quantum particles in the quantum realm in the Minkowski space-time, whereas the General Relativity (GR) is a classical theory describing the nature of dynamical behavior of large bodies in different space-times. This research is a proposal to the proof of concept that through the Einstein-Rosen bridge (also known as wormhole) the information can travel between two points %through quantum mechanical phenomenon, Hawking radiation thus proving the classical entanglement connection between two spatially distant points which are not causally connected. These results introduce the classical entanglement between the galactic black hole with its surrounding.
{"title":"An intrinsic connection of space-time points","authors":"Ty Shedleski, Muhammad Usman","doi":"arxiv-2403.15508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.15508","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum field theory (QFT) describes the dynamics of quantum particles in the\u0000quantum realm in the Minkowski space-time, whereas the General Relativity (GR)\u0000is a classical theory describing the nature of dynamical behavior of large\u0000bodies in different space-times. This research is a proposal to the proof of\u0000concept that through the Einstein-Rosen bridge (also known as wormhole) the\u0000information can travel between two points %through quantum mechanical\u0000phenomenon, Hawking radiation thus proving the classical entanglement\u0000connection between two spatially distant points which are not causally\u0000connected. These results introduce the classical entanglement between the\u0000galactic black hole with its surrounding.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140298709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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