Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1177/17585732231170197
Alon Rabin, Ofir Chechik, Margie K Olds, Timothy L Uhl, Efi Kazum, Adin Deutsch, Eran Citron, Tal Cohen, Oleg Dolkart, Assaf Bibas, Eran Maman
Background: Performance-based tests for patients with anterior shoulder dislocation are lacking. This study determined the reliability and validity of the supine moving apprehension test designed to assess the ability to control anterior instability loads.
Methods: Thirty-six participants were recruited (18 healthy individuals, and 18 patients following anterior shoulder dislocation). Healthy participants performed the supine moving apprehension test on 2 separate occasions to determine test-retest reliability. Patients completed the supine moving apprehension test and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index before and 6 months after surgical stabilization of their shoulder. The presence of anterior apprehension was also documented post-operatively.
Results: The supine moving apprehension test demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.74-0.84). Patients performed 18-30 repetitions less than healthy individuals during the supine moving apprehension test (P < 0.01). A strong correlation was found between supine moving apprehension test scores and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability post-operatively (r = -0.74, P ≤ 0.01). Supine moving apprehension test scores significantly improved among patients following surgery (P < 0.01). Patients with a negative apprehension test post-operatively performed the supine moving apprehension test significantly better than patients with a positive apprehension test (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: The supine moving apprehension test is reliable and valid among patients with anterior shoulder dislocation and may serve to assess patients' ability to control shoulder anterior instability loads.
背景：目前还缺乏针对肩关节前脱位患者的基于表现的测试。本研究确定了旨在评估控制肩关节前脱位负荷能力的仰卧位移动理解测试的可靠性和有效性：招募了 36 名参与者（18 名健康人和 18 名肩关节前脱位患者）。健康参与者分别两次进行仰卧位移动理解测试，以确定测试的重复可靠性。患者在肩关节手术稳定前和手术后 6 个月分别完成了仰卧位移动障碍测试和西安大略省肩关节不稳定性指数。术后还记录了前方障碍的存在情况：结果：仰卧位移动障碍测试显示出良好的测试-重复可靠性（类内相关系数 = 0.74-0.84）。患者在仰卧位移动障碍测试中的重复次数比健康人少 18-30 次（P r = -0.74，P ≤ 0.01）。手术后，患者的仰卧位移动恐惧测试得分明显提高（P P 结论：在肩关节前脱位患者中，仰卧位移动恐惧测试可靠有效，可用于评估患者控制肩关节前方不稳定负荷的能力。
{"title":"The supine moving apprehension test-Reliability and validity among healthy individuals and patients with anterior shoulder instability.","authors":"Alon Rabin, Ofir Chechik, Margie K Olds, Timothy L Uhl, Efi Kazum, Adin Deutsch, Eran Citron, Tal Cohen, Oleg Dolkart, Assaf Bibas, Eran Maman","doi":"10.1177/17585732231170197","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732231170197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Performance-based tests for patients with anterior shoulder dislocation are lacking. This study determined the reliability and validity of the supine moving apprehension test designed to assess the ability to control anterior instability loads.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six participants were recruited (18 healthy individuals, and 18 patients following anterior shoulder dislocation). Healthy participants performed the supine moving apprehension test on 2 separate occasions to determine test-retest reliability. Patients completed the supine moving apprehension test and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index before and 6 months after surgical stabilization of their shoulder. The presence of anterior apprehension was also documented post-operatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The supine moving apprehension test demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.74-0.84). Patients performed 18-30 repetitions less than healthy individuals during the supine moving apprehension test (<i>P</i> < 0.01). A strong correlation was found between supine moving apprehension test scores and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability post-operatively (<i>r</i> = -0.74, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Supine moving apprehension test scores significantly improved among patients following surgery (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Patients with a negative apprehension test post-operatively performed the supine moving apprehension test significantly better than patients with a positive apprehension test (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The supine moving apprehension test is reliable and valid among patients with anterior shoulder dislocation and may serve to assess patients' ability to control shoulder anterior instability loads.</p>","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":"31 1","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78794462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1017/s0373463323000243
Sermet Ogutcu, S. Alcay, B. Ozdemir, H. Duman, Ulkunur Koray, Ceren Konukseven, Nesibe Gül Bilal
Thanks to the development of the real-time kinematic (RTK) algorithm and the emerging Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), especially for Galileo and BeiDou-3, reliable positioning accuracy for medium and long-baseline RTK became possible globally. Moreover, with the development of the GNSS receiver hardware, baseline length limitations due to radio-based communications are removed thanks to internet-based communication. In this work, single-baseline RTK, incorporated partial ambiguity resolution with troposphere and ionosphere weighting, using GPS (G), Galileo (E), BeiDou-3 (C3) and multi-GNSS (GE and GEC3), is conducted with real GNSS data of EUREF Permanent GNSS network under three different cutoff angles (10°, 20°, and 30°) for six different lengths of baselines (~50, ~150, ~250, ~350, ~450, and ~550 km). The results show that the multi-GNSS RTK solution significantly contributed to the positioning accuracy and convergence time of the single-system RTK solutions. Based on the results, non-available epoch-wise solutions for the high-degree cutoff angles are more obvious for the single-system RTK, whereas multi-GNSS solutions provide 100% solutions for each cutoff angle and baseline. The results indicate that instantaneous and a few epochs single-epoch ambiguity resolution is feasible for 50, 150, 250 and 350 km baseline lengths for multi-GNSS RTK. Based on the positioning results, horizontal–vertical positioning improvements of multi-GNSS RTK (GEC3) compared with the single-system GPS RTK are found as 50%–37%, 40%–35%, 55%–47%, 53%–54%, 57%–49% and 57%–49% for 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 km, respectively, under a 10° cutoff angle. For 20° and 30° cutoff angles, the accuracy improvements are much higher. The convergence time improvements (n/e/u) of multi-GNSS RTK (GEC3) compared with the single-system GPS RTK are found as 86/92/75%, 77/67/72%, 75/77/83%, 53/56/52%, 69/49/62%, and 52/45/39% for 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 km, respectively, under a 10° cutoff angle.
{"title":"GPS + Galileo + BDS-3 medium to long-range single-baseline RTK: an alternative for network-based RTK?","authors":"Sermet Ogutcu, S. Alcay, B. Ozdemir, H. Duman, Ulkunur Koray, Ceren Konukseven, Nesibe Gül Bilal","doi":"10.1017/s0373463323000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463323000243","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Thanks to the development of the real-time kinematic (RTK) algorithm and the emerging Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), especially for Galileo and BeiDou-3, reliable positioning accuracy for medium and long-baseline RTK became possible globally. Moreover, with the development of the GNSS receiver hardware, baseline length limitations due to radio-based communications are removed thanks to internet-based communication. In this work, single-baseline RTK, incorporated partial ambiguity resolution with troposphere and ionosphere weighting, using GPS (G), Galileo (E), BeiDou-3 (C3) and multi-GNSS (GE and GEC3), is conducted with real GNSS data of EUREF Permanent GNSS network under three different cutoff angles (10°, 20°, and 30°) for six different lengths of baselines (~50, ~150, ~250, ~350, ~450, and ~550 km). The results show that the multi-GNSS RTK solution significantly contributed to the positioning accuracy and convergence time of the single-system RTK solutions. Based on the results, non-available epoch-wise solutions for the high-degree cutoff angles are more obvious for the single-system RTK, whereas multi-GNSS solutions provide 100% solutions for each cutoff angle and baseline. The results indicate that instantaneous and a few epochs single-epoch ambiguity resolution is feasible for 50, 150, 250 and 350 km baseline lengths for multi-GNSS RTK. Based on the positioning results, horizontal–vertical positioning improvements of multi-GNSS RTK (GEC3) compared with the single-system GPS RTK are found as 50%–37%, 40%–35%, 55%–47%, 53%–54%, 57%–49% and 57%–49% for 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 km, respectively, under a 10° cutoff angle. For 20° and 30° cutoff angles, the accuracy improvements are much higher. The convergence time improvements (n/e/u) of multi-GNSS RTK (GEC3) compared with the single-system GPS RTK are found as 86/92/75%, 77/67/72%, 75/77/83%, 53/56/52%, 69/49/62%, and 52/45/39% for 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 km, respectively, under a 10° cutoff angle.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44975470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1017/s0373463323000176
Jorge Moncunill Marimon, Francisco Javier Martínez de Osés, Rafael Cabal Álvarez
This paper proposes a proper compass adjustment method using only a GPS (or any other GNSS receiver) and a single visual reference to enhance the efficiency of compass adjustment. During compass adjustment, the ship proceeds on magnetic courses using a gyroscopic or satellite compass and considering magnetic declination. However, non-magnetic compasses are only compulsory for ships of 500 gross tonnage or upwards (SOLAS V/19.2.5.1). Many ships of less than 500 gross tonnage have only a magnetic compass to indicate heading. In these cases, a minimum of five leading lines or a minimum of five bearings of conspicuous and distant points or sun azimuths are necessary to adjust the compass. This makes compass adjustment more laborious and time consuming. To expedite this process, a reliable and practical method was developed to use the courses over ground given by a GNSS receiver and a single visual reference instead of the headings provided by a gyroscopic or satellite compass. The method is valid for all ships, but is primarily intended for those equipped with only a magnetic compass to indicate heading.
{"title":"Compass adjustment by GPS (or any other GNSS receiver) and a single visual reference","authors":"Jorge Moncunill Marimon, Francisco Javier Martínez de Osés, Rafael Cabal Álvarez","doi":"10.1017/s0373463323000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463323000176","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper proposes a proper compass adjustment method using only a GPS (or any other GNSS receiver) and a single visual reference to enhance the efficiency of compass adjustment. During compass adjustment, the ship proceeds on magnetic courses using a gyroscopic or satellite compass and considering magnetic declination. However, non-magnetic compasses are only compulsory for ships of 500 gross tonnage or upwards (SOLAS V/19.2.5.1). Many ships of less than 500 gross tonnage have only a magnetic compass to indicate heading. In these cases, a minimum of five leading lines or a minimum of five bearings of conspicuous and distant points or sun azimuths are necessary to adjust the compass. This makes compass adjustment more laborious and time consuming. To expedite this process, a reliable and practical method was developed to use the courses over ground given by a GNSS receiver and a single visual reference instead of the headings provided by a gyroscopic or satellite compass. The method is valid for all ships, but is primarily intended for those equipped with only a magnetic compass to indicate heading.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1017/s0373463323000206
Iwao Fujino, C. Claramunt
This paper introduces a novel approach for extracting vessel navigation patterns from very large automatic identification system (AIS) trajectory big data. AIS trajectory data records are first converted to a series of code documents using vector quantisation, such as k-means and PQk-means algorithms, whose performance is evaluated in terms of precision and computational time. Therefore, a topic model is applied to these code documents from which vessels’ navigation patterns are extracted and identified. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated by several experiments conducted with a practical AIS dataset in a region of North West France. These experimental results show that the proposed approach is highly appropriate for mining AIS trajectory big data and outperforms common DBSCAN algorithms and Gaussian mixture models.
{"title":"Navigation pattern extraction from AIS trajectory big data via topic model","authors":"Iwao Fujino, C. Claramunt","doi":"10.1017/s0373463323000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463323000206","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces a novel approach for extracting vessel navigation patterns from very large automatic identification system (AIS) trajectory big data. AIS trajectory data records are first converted to a series of code documents using vector quantisation, such as k-means and PQk-means algorithms, whose performance is evaluated in terms of precision and computational time. Therefore, a topic model is applied to these code documents from which vessels’ navigation patterns are extracted and identified. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated by several experiments conducted with a practical AIS dataset in a region of North West France. These experimental results show that the proposed approach is highly appropriate for mining AIS trajectory big data and outperforms common DBSCAN algorithms and Gaussian mixture models.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23eCollection Date: 2023-06-01DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2023.216
Yeşim Yıldız, Hasan Selçuk Özger, Ali Acar, Ayşegül Seremet-Keskin, Umut Devrim Binay, Gülten Ünlü, Halim Bayram, Ali Asan, Mustafa Özgür Akça, Dilek Karamanlioğlu, Osman İnan, Şafak Kaya, Çiğdem Yıldırım, Yusuf Arslan, Süheyla Kömür, Yasemin Saygıdeğer, Fatma Özlem Kandemir, Simge Yaşar, İrem Akdemir-Kalkan, Zeynep Tekin-Taş, Ayşe Sakız, Yaşar Bayındır, Ayşe Belin Özer, Ayşe Özlem Mete, Çiğdem Erol, Çiğdem Mermutluoğlu, Ali Kemal Kadiroğlu, Alpay Azap, Esin Şenol
Objective: We aimed to investigate the vaccination status and the risk factors for the intensive care unit (ICU) support need of the laboratory-confirmed breakthrough COVID-19 infection inpatients.
Materials and methods: This multi-center point-prevalence study was conducted on inpatients, divided into two groups as 'fully' and 'partially' vaccinated according to COVID-19 vaccination status.
Results: Totally 516 patients were included in the study. The median age was 65 (55-77), and 53.5% (n=276) of the patients were male. Hypertension (41.9%, n=216), diabetes mellitus (DM) (31.8%, n=164), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (16.3%, n=84) were the predominant comorbidities. Patients were divided into two groups ICU (n=196) and non-ICU (n=301). Hypertension (p=0.026), DM (p=0.048), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (p=0.005) were significantly higher in ICU patients and the median age was younger among non-ICU patients (p=0.033). Of patients, 16.9% (n=87) were fully vaccinated, and this group's need for ICU support was statistically significantly lower (p=0.021).
Conclusion: We conclude that older age, hypertension, DM, CHF, and being partially vaccinated were associated with the need for ICU support. Therefore, all countries should continuously monitor post-vaccination breakthrough COVID-19 infections to determine the national booster vaccine administration approach that will provide vulnerable individuals the highest protection.
{"title":"The Impact of Vaccination Among Hospitalized Patients with the Diagnosis of COVID-19.","authors":"Yeşim Yıldız, Hasan Selçuk Özger, Ali Acar, Ayşegül Seremet-Keskin, Umut Devrim Binay, Gülten Ünlü, Halim Bayram, Ali Asan, Mustafa Özgür Akça, Dilek Karamanlioğlu, Osman İnan, Şafak Kaya, Çiğdem Yıldırım, Yusuf Arslan, Süheyla Kömür, Yasemin Saygıdeğer, Fatma Özlem Kandemir, Simge Yaşar, İrem Akdemir-Kalkan, Zeynep Tekin-Taş, Ayşe Sakız, Yaşar Bayındır, Ayşe Belin Özer, Ayşe Özlem Mete, Çiğdem Erol, Çiğdem Mermutluoğlu, Ali Kemal Kadiroğlu, Alpay Azap, Esin Şenol","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2023.216","DOIUrl":"10.36519/idcm.2023.216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the vaccination status and the risk factors for the intensive care unit (ICU) support need of the laboratory-confirmed breakthrough COVID-19 infection inpatients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This multi-center point-prevalence study was conducted on inpatients, divided into two groups as 'fully' and 'partially' vaccinated according to COVID-19 vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally 516 patients were included in the study. The median age was 65 (55-77), and 53.5% (n=276) of the patients were male. Hypertension (41.9%, n=216), diabetes mellitus (DM) (31.8%, n=164), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (16.3%, n=84) were the predominant comorbidities. Patients were divided into two groups ICU (n=196) and non-ICU (n=301). Hypertension (<i>p</i>=0.026), DM (<i>p</i>=0.048), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (<i>p</i>=0.005) were significantly higher in ICU patients and the median age was younger among non-ICU patients (<i>p</i>=0.033). Of patients, 16.9% (n=87) were fully vaccinated, and this group's need for ICU support was statistically significantly lower (<i>p</i>=0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that older age, hypertension, DM, CHF, and being partially vaccinated were associated with the need for ICU support. Therefore, all countries should continuously monitor post-vaccination breakthrough COVID-19 infections to determine the national booster vaccine administration approach that will provide vulnerable individuals the highest protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":"17 1","pages":"118-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78813708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1017/s0373463323000139
Yan Bi, R. Wu, Qiongqiong Jia
Space-based automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) receivers can cover thousands of aircraft, each transmitting 6 ⋅ 2 signals per second. As a result, ADS-B signals are very prone to overlap. When the number of aircraft covered by a receiver reaches 3,000, about 90 % of the signals will be overlapping. Overlapped signals can reduce the decoding accuracy of receivers, so that aircraft information cannot be accurately transmitted to the air traffic control (ATC) surveillance system, hence threatening aviation flight safety. It is necessary to propose signal separation algorithms for space-based ADS-B systems. An orthogonal projection linear constrained minimum variance (OPLCMV) algorithm is proposed, which can separate two signals simultaneously based on the linearly constrained minimum variance algorithm by exploiting the characteristics of overlapped signals. Compared with the state-of-the-art extended projection algorithm and the fast independent component analysis algorithm, the OPLCMV method has a higher decoding accuracy for multiple overlapping signals with a small direction difference of arrival or frequency shift. Moreover, the OPLCMV algorithm has a low computational complexity when the number of overlapped signal sources is less than seven.
{"title":"A high-precision and efficient algorithm for space-based ADS-B signal separation","authors":"Yan Bi, R. Wu, Qiongqiong Jia","doi":"10.1017/s0373463323000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463323000139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Space-based automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) receivers can cover thousands of aircraft, each transmitting 6 ⋅ 2 signals per second. As a result, ADS-B signals are very prone to overlap. When the number of aircraft covered by a receiver reaches 3,000, about 90 % of the signals will be overlapping. Overlapped signals can reduce the decoding accuracy of receivers, so that aircraft information cannot be accurately transmitted to the air traffic control (ATC) surveillance system, hence threatening aviation flight safety. It is necessary to propose signal separation algorithms for space-based ADS-B systems. An orthogonal projection linear constrained minimum variance (OPLCMV) algorithm is proposed, which can separate two signals simultaneously based on the linearly constrained minimum variance algorithm by exploiting the characteristics of overlapped signals. Compared with the state-of-the-art extended projection algorithm and the fast independent component analysis algorithm, the OPLCMV method has a higher decoding accuracy for multiple overlapping signals with a small direction difference of arrival or frequency shift. Moreover, the OPLCMV algorithm has a low computational complexity when the number of overlapped signal sources is less than seven.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46047458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1017/s0373463323000164
Hongchu Yu, Qiang Meng, Z. Fang, Jingxian Liu
Maritime cybersecurity has attracted increasing attention in industrial and academic scope, which may be relevant to the increasing cyber-incidents in the maritime shipping industry. This paper presents a critical review of publications related to cybersecurity in the maritime transportation industry, to explore the current research status and gaps, as wells as to guide new probe avenues by employing bibliometric approaches. With the advantage of bibliometric methods, the research focus and evolution are conformed and visualised. Representative papers are reviewed together to demonstrate maritime cyber-threats recognition and categories, as well as potential consequence assessment and risk mitigation actions recommendation. This paper also created a detailed database that is comprised of attack form, occurring time, targets, purpose, as well as potential results and cost, which has been included in the Appendix and is fully portable and extendible.
{"title":"Literature review on maritime cybersecurity: state-of-the-art","authors":"Hongchu Yu, Qiang Meng, Z. Fang, Jingxian Liu","doi":"10.1017/s0373463323000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463323000164","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Maritime cybersecurity has attracted increasing attention in industrial and academic scope, which may be relevant to the increasing cyber-incidents in the maritime shipping industry. This paper presents a critical review of publications related to cybersecurity in the maritime transportation industry, to explore the current research status and gaps, as wells as to guide new probe avenues by employing bibliometric approaches. With the advantage of bibliometric methods, the research focus and evolution are conformed and visualised. Representative papers are reviewed together to demonstrate maritime cyber-threats recognition and categories, as well as potential consequence assessment and risk mitigation actions recommendation. This paper also created a detailed database that is comprised of attack form, occurring time, targets, purpose, as well as potential results and cost, which has been included in the Appendix and is fully portable and extendible.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1017/S0373463323000097
Dan Liu, Wei Jiang, B. Cai, O. Heirich, J. Wang, W. Shangguan
Abstract This paper presents a robust train localisation system by fusing a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) in a tightly-coupled (TC) strategy. To improve navigation performance in GNSS partly blocked areas, an advanced map-matching (MM) measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS method is proposed via an error-state unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The advanced MM generates a matched position using a one-step predicted position from a UKF time update step with binary search algorithm and a point–line projection algorithm. The matched position inputs as an additional measurement to fuse with the INS position to augment the degraded GNSS pseudorange measurement to optimise the state estimation in the UKF measurement update step. Both the real train test on the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the simulation were carried out and the results confirm that the proposed advanced MM measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS with error-state UKF provides the best horizontal positioning accuracy of 0 ⋅ 67 m, which performs an improvement of about 71% and 90% with respect to TC GNSS/INS with only error-state UKF and only error-state Extended Kalman filter in GNSS partly blocked areas.
{"title":"Robust train localisation method based on advanced map matching measurement-augmented tightly-coupled GNSS/INS with error-state UKF","authors":"Dan Liu, Wei Jiang, B. Cai, O. Heirich, J. Wang, W. Shangguan","doi":"10.1017/S0373463323000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463323000097","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a robust train localisation system by fusing a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) in a tightly-coupled (TC) strategy. To improve navigation performance in GNSS partly blocked areas, an advanced map-matching (MM) measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS method is proposed via an error-state unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The advanced MM generates a matched position using a one-step predicted position from a UKF time update step with binary search algorithm and a point–line projection algorithm. The matched position inputs as an additional measurement to fuse with the INS position to augment the degraded GNSS pseudorange measurement to optimise the state estimation in the UKF measurement update step. Both the real train test on the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the simulation were carried out and the results confirm that the proposed advanced MM measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS with error-state UKF provides the best horizontal positioning accuracy of 0 ⋅ 67 m, which performs an improvement of about 71% and 90% with respect to TC GNSS/INS with only error-state UKF and only error-state Extended Kalman filter in GNSS partly blocked areas.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":"76 1","pages":"316 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1017/S0373463323000127
Leif Ole Dreyer
Abstract As no internationally agreed-upon method for determining safe speed values currently exists, collecting vast amounts of information on conventional ship behaviour could be used to train autonomous ship intelligence in determining safe speeds in different conditions. This requires speed data collected from conventional ships to resemble what can be described as safe speeds. To test this, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and environmental data – namely visibility, mean wind speed and significant wave height – were collected and merged for two study areas in Norway in the period between 27 March 2014 and 1 January 2021. Regression analyses based on 47,490 unique vessel transits were conducted and supplemented by two graphical methods for revealing relationships between variables. Contrary to the contemporary understanding of safe speed, reduced visibility did not lead to significantly reduced transit speeds. Wind and waves caused a reduction in speed in the open ocean, but not in coastal waters. Transit speeds were lower in coastal waters than in the open ocean.
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Abstract It has been acknowledged that the Doppler is beneficial to the GNSS positioning of smartphones. However, analysis of Doppler precision on smartphones is insufficient. In this paper, we focus on the characteristic analysis of the raw Doppler measurement from Android smartphones. A comprehensive investigation of the Doppler was conducted. The results illustrate that the availability of Doppler is stable and higher than that of carrier measurements, which means that the Doppler-smoothed code (DSC) method is more effective. However, there is a constant bias between the Doppler and the code rate in Xiaomi MI8, which indicates that extra processing of the DSC method is necessary for this phone. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the relationship between the Doppler and C/N0 can be expressed as an exponential function, and the fitting parameters are provided. The numerical experiment in car-borne and hand-held scenes was conducted for evaluating the performance of the Doppler-aided positioning algorithm. For positioning, the improvement reaches 37 ⋅ 69%/37 ⋅ 14%/26 ⋅ 61% in the east, north and up components, respectively, after applying the Doppler aiding. For velocity estimation, the improvement reaches 29 ⋅ 62%/39 ⋅ 63%/29 ⋅ 37% in the three components, respectively.
{"title":"Characterisation and position-aiding performance analysis of Doppler observation from android smartphones","authors":"Zihan Peng, C. Gao, Hua Zou, Rui Shang, Qi Liu, Wu Zhao","doi":"10.1017/S0373463323000115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463323000115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has been acknowledged that the Doppler is beneficial to the GNSS positioning of smartphones. However, analysis of Doppler precision on smartphones is insufficient. In this paper, we focus on the characteristic analysis of the raw Doppler measurement from Android smartphones. A comprehensive investigation of the Doppler was conducted. The results illustrate that the availability of Doppler is stable and higher than that of carrier measurements, which means that the Doppler-smoothed code (DSC) method is more effective. However, there is a constant bias between the Doppler and the code rate in Xiaomi MI8, which indicates that extra processing of the DSC method is necessary for this phone. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the relationship between the Doppler and C/N0 can be expressed as an exponential function, and the fitting parameters are provided. The numerical experiment in car-borne and hand-held scenes was conducted for evaluating the performance of the Doppler-aided positioning algorithm. For positioning, the improvement reaches 37 ⋅ 69%/37 ⋅ 14%/26 ⋅ 61% in the east, north and up components, respectively, after applying the Doppler aiding. For velocity estimation, the improvement reaches 29 ⋅ 62%/39 ⋅ 63%/29 ⋅ 37% in the three components, respectively.","PeriodicalId":50120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Navigation","volume":"76 1","pages":"375 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47958063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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