Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613526
Yaoguang Jiang, Annamarie Huttunen, Naz Belkaya, Michael Platt
How people vote often defies rational explanation. Physical traits sometimes sway voters more than policies do. But why? Here we show that rhesus macaques, who have no knowledge about political candidates or their policies, implicitly predict the outcomes of US gubernatorial and senatorial elections based solely on visual features. Given a pair of candidate photos, monkeys spent more time looking at the loser than the winner, and this gaze bias predicted not only binary election outcomes but also vote share. Analysis of facial features revealed candidates with more masculine faces were more likely to win an election, and vote share was a linear function of jaw prominence. Our findings endorse the idea that voters spontaneously respond to evolutionarily conserved visual cues to physical prowess and that voting behavior is shaped, in part, by ancestral adaptations shared with nonhuman primates.
{"title":"Monkeys Predict US Elections","authors":"Yaoguang Jiang, Annamarie Huttunen, Naz Belkaya, Michael Platt","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.17.613526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613526","url":null,"abstract":"How people vote often defies rational explanation. Physical traits sometimes sway voters more than policies do. But why? Here we show that rhesus macaques, who have no knowledge about political candidates or their policies, implicitly predict the outcomes of US gubernatorial and senatorial elections based solely on visual features. Given a pair of candidate photos, monkeys spent more time looking at the loser than the winner, and this gaze bias predicted not only binary election outcomes but also vote share. Analysis of facial features revealed candidates with more masculine faces were more likely to win an election, and vote share was a linear function of jaw prominence. Our findings endorse the idea that voters spontaneously respond to evolutionarily conserved visual cues to physical prowess and that voting behavior is shaped, in part, by ancestral adaptations shared with nonhuman primates.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613506
Anna N. Osiecka, Romain Lefevre, Elodie F. Briefer
To group-living animals, such as most ungulates, being able to recognise the members of one's social groups is crucial. While vocalisations often carry cues to identity, they are also impacted by the affective state of the caller, with signals often becoming more chaotic in contexts of negative valence or high arousal. How might this influence vocal individuality - and is there a pattern across taxa? To understand how the individual information content is maintained over emotionally charged contexts, we studied putatively negative and positive contact calls of seven ungulate species: cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, wild boars, horses, and Przewalski's horses. Calls were classified to individuals using linear and machine learning methods, and their information content assessed using Beecher's statistic and the Potential of Individuality Coding. In most species, calls could be reliably classified to the caller within and across affective states. While there was no uniform pattern in information content change between valences across species, some species showed a pronounced increase in individuality in either positive or negative situations. In each of the species, at least one acoustic parameter was a reliable indicator of individuality across contexts. Our results suggest that different coding strategies may be present across taxa, and imply that individual vocal recognition requires acoustic stability of certain important parameters. These findings reveal a nuanced role of affective communication in maintaining social bonds among socially complex animals.
{"title":"Emotional contexts influence vocal individuality in ungulates","authors":"Anna N. Osiecka, Romain Lefevre, Elodie F. Briefer","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.18.613506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.18.613506","url":null,"abstract":"To group-living animals, such as most ungulates, being able to recognise the members of one's social groups is crucial. While vocalisations often carry cues to identity, they are also impacted by the affective state of the caller, with signals often becoming more chaotic in contexts of negative valence or high arousal. How might this influence vocal individuality - and is there a pattern across taxa? To understand how the individual information content is maintained over emotionally charged contexts, we studied putatively negative and positive contact calls of seven ungulate species: cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, wild boars, horses, and Przewalski's horses. Calls were classified to individuals using linear and machine learning methods, and their information content assessed using Beecher's statistic and the Potential of Individuality Coding. In most species, calls could be reliably classified to the caller within and across affective states. While there was no uniform pattern in information content change between valences across species, some species showed a pronounced increase in individuality in either positive or negative situations. In each of the species, at least one acoustic parameter was a reliable indicator of individuality across contexts. Our results suggest that different coding strategies may be present across taxa, and imply that individual vocal recognition requires acoustic stability of certain important parameters. These findings reveal a nuanced role of affective communication in maintaining social bonds among socially complex animals.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613585
Martin A Nicolaus
The wintering phase of the Western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) life cycle has received little attention in the literature. Small numbers of Burrowing Owls have been observed and recorded since 2008 in the winter season in Cesar Chavez Park, a 90-acre peninsula that forms part of the waterfront of the City of Berkeley. The relative ease of observation in this setting allows study of their arrival and departure dates, selection of micro-habitats, tolerance of human presence, behavior in inclement weather, and response to avian and canine predator threats. Viewed over a decade, fewer owls arrived, arrived later, left earlier, and spent less time in residence. Most owls settled in shoreline rip-rap or in tall vegetation; only one fourth settled in short grass. Owls chose exposure to rain for as long as two days. Owls varied widely in tolerance to human proximity. Owls successfully dealt with avian predators, but displayed stress and in some cases became casualties of loose Canis lupus familiaris. Recommendations for habitat management follow.
{"title":"Athene cunicularia hypugaea wintering in a central California urban setting arrive later, leave earlier, prefer sheltered micro-habitat, tolerate rain, and contend with diverse predators","authors":"Martin A Nicolaus","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.17.613585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613585","url":null,"abstract":"The wintering phase of the Western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) life cycle has received little attention in the literature. Small numbers of Burrowing Owls have been observed and recorded since 2008 in the winter season in Cesar Chavez Park, a 90-acre peninsula that forms part of the waterfront of the City of Berkeley. The relative ease of observation in this setting allows study of their arrival and departure dates, selection of micro-habitats, tolerance of human presence, behavior in inclement weather, and response to avian and canine predator threats. Viewed over a decade, fewer owls arrived, arrived later, left earlier, and spent less time in residence. Most owls settled in shoreline rip-rap or in tall vegetation; only one fourth settled in short grass. Owls chose exposure to rain for as long as two days. Owls varied widely in tolerance to human proximity. Owls successfully dealt with avian predators, but displayed stress and in some cases became casualties of loose Canis lupus familiaris. Recommendations for habitat management follow.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613447
Massimo De Agrò, Giorgio Vallortigara, Egidio Falotico
In the peripheral drift illusion, a static circular sawtooth pattern is perceived as if it were rotating. It is believed that this effect is a byproduct of how the neural substrate responsible for motion perception is organized. The structure of the motion perception circuitry is widespread across the animal kingdom, vertebrates and invertebrates alike, which in turn causes the illusion effect to be experienced by virtually all animals. Among invertebrates, jumping spiders possess a unique visual system. For them, the tasks of visual computation are split across 4 pairs of eyes, with motion detection, target recognition, and shape discrimination computed in completely segregated brain areas and visual field sections. In such an organization, it is unlikely that the circuitry for motion perception common to other animals is shared by jumping spiders. Consequently, jumping spiders should be immune to the peripheral drift illusion. To test this hypothesis, we placed jumping spiders on top of an omnidirectional treadmill and presented them with circular visual stimuli in their visual periphery. These were either composed of a sawtooth pattern, and therefore inducing the illusion, or of a sine-wave pattern of equal luminance and spatial frequency but not illusion-inducing. The stimuli could either be static or rotate around their center, either clockwise or counterclockwise. As jumping spiders perform distinctive full-body pivots when detecting a moving object in their visual periphery, we registered the frequency of this behavior to assess the illusory percept. We found that the spiders responded consistently to all moving stimuli, but did not react to the static illusion, therefore it was not perceived as in motion. The absence of the illusory percept in spiders opens many questions about the nature of their motion perception circuitry and casts doubts on how the illusion is widespread in the animal kingdom outside the common model species usually inquired about.
{"title":"Jumping spiders are not fooled by the peripheral drift illusion","authors":"Massimo De Agrò, Giorgio Vallortigara, Egidio Falotico","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.17.613447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613447","url":null,"abstract":"In the peripheral drift illusion, a static circular sawtooth pattern is perceived as if it were rotating. It is believed that this effect is a byproduct of how the neural substrate responsible for motion perception is organized. The structure of the motion perception circuitry is widespread across the animal kingdom, vertebrates and invertebrates alike, which in turn causes the illusion effect to be experienced by virtually all animals. Among invertebrates, jumping spiders possess a unique visual system. For them, the tasks of visual computation are split across 4 pairs of eyes, with motion detection, target recognition, and shape discrimination computed in completely segregated brain areas and visual field sections. In such an organization, it is unlikely that the circuitry for motion perception common to other animals is shared by jumping spiders. Consequently, jumping spiders should be immune to the peripheral drift illusion. To test this hypothesis, we placed jumping spiders on top of an omnidirectional treadmill and presented them with circular visual stimuli in their visual periphery. These were either composed of a sawtooth pattern, and therefore inducing the illusion, or of a sine-wave pattern of equal luminance and spatial frequency but not illusion-inducing. The stimuli could either be static or rotate around their center, either clockwise or counterclockwise. As jumping spiders perform distinctive full-body pivots when detecting a moving object in their visual periphery, we registered the frequency of this behavior to assess the illusory percept. We found that the spiders responded consistently to all moving stimuli, but did not react to the static illusion, therefore it was not perceived as in motion. The absence of the illusory percept in spiders opens many questions about the nature of their motion perception circuitry and casts doubts on how the illusion is widespread in the animal kingdom outside the common model species usually inquired about.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613504
William J O'Hearn, Christof Neumann, Federica Dal Pesco, Roger Mundry, Julia Fischer
In human foraging societies, hunting skill is a male quality signal closely tied to reproductive success, because it serves to provision the family, connected households, and the wider community. However, the relationship between catching or sharing prey and male reproductive success remains largely unexplored in other primate taxa. Using the multi-level society of Guinea baboons as a parallel for human foraging societies, we combined records of 109 meat-eating events with nine years of behavioural data to test whether males who acquire and share meat more frequently have more females in their social units and for longer than other males. We further tested the hypothesis that the type of meat transfer varies with social ties. We found no evidence that females preferred to join or remain longer in the units of males who acquired or shared meat more frequently. Thus, hunting skills do not appear to signal male quality. However, meat transfers were more likely to occur along stronger social relationships, as in human foraging societies. Tolerant forms of transfer were most common at society's base, decreasing in tolerance at upper social levels. Our results demonstrate the cross-taxa influence of social organisation on the movement of sharable resources.
{"title":"Meat transfers follow social ties in the multi-level society of Guinea baboons but are not related to male reproductive success","authors":"William J O'Hearn, Christof Neumann, Federica Dal Pesco, Roger Mundry, Julia Fischer","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.17.613504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613504","url":null,"abstract":"In human foraging societies, hunting skill is a male quality signal closely tied to reproductive success, because it serves to provision the family, connected households, and the wider community. However, the relationship between catching or sharing prey and male reproductive success remains largely unexplored in other primate taxa. Using the multi-level society of Guinea baboons as a parallel for human foraging societies, we combined records of 109 meat-eating events with nine years of behavioural data to test whether males who acquire and share meat more frequently have more females in their social units and for longer than other males. We further tested the hypothesis that the type of meat transfer varies with social ties. We found no evidence that females preferred to join or remain longer in the units of males who acquired or shared meat more frequently. Thus, hunting skills do not appear to signal male quality. However, meat transfers were more likely to occur along stronger social relationships, as in human foraging societies. Tolerant forms of transfer were most common at society's base, decreasing in tolerance at upper social levels. Our results demonstrate the cross-taxa influence of social organisation on the movement of sharable resources.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613492
Costanza Zanghi, Jolyon Troscianko, Christos C Ioannou
Changes in environmental conditions impact predator-prey interactions by altering behaviour through sensory and non-sensory pathways. Elevated water temperature and turbidity are known to alter activity levels and anti-predator responses in prey fish, and are increasing globally as a result of anthropogenic activities. Less is known about how temperature and turbidity impact predators' ability to detect prey directly, or indirectly via changes to prey behaviour. We quantified the detectability of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) free-swimming in a large arena from the perspective of a stationary visual predator (simulated as an underwater camera). We used a fully factorial experimental design testing the independent and combined effects of increased temperature and turbidity. We found that both stressors had a strong influence on the appearance of prey (objectively quantified as the mean magnitude of the optical flow in the videos). As expected, turbidity reduced the frequency of detection between the guppies and the simulated predator, i.e. the magnitude of optical flow exceeded the threshold for a 'detection event' more often in clear water. Events were also shorter in duration in turbid water, reducing the time available for a predator to detect the prey. However, during an event, prey were more detectable in warmer water (i.e. the mean magnitude was greater). Although we found no evidence of interactive effects of turbidity and temperature on the response variables, their cumulative main effects suggest an antagonistic effect on the overall rate of prey capture.
{"title":"Enhanced conspicuousness of prey in warmer water mitigates the visual constraint of turbidity for predators","authors":"Costanza Zanghi, Jolyon Troscianko, Christos C Ioannou","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.17.613492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613492","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in environmental conditions impact predator-prey interactions by altering behaviour through sensory and non-sensory pathways. Elevated water temperature and turbidity are known to alter activity levels and anti-predator responses in prey fish, and are increasing globally as a result of anthropogenic activities. Less is known about how temperature and turbidity impact predators' ability to detect prey directly, or indirectly via changes to prey behaviour. We quantified the detectability of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) free-swimming in a large arena from the perspective of a stationary visual predator (simulated as an underwater camera). We used a fully factorial experimental design testing the independent and combined effects of increased temperature and turbidity. We found that both stressors had a strong influence on the appearance of prey (objectively quantified as the mean magnitude of the optical flow in the videos). As expected, turbidity reduced the frequency of detection between the guppies and the simulated predator, i.e. the magnitude of optical flow exceeded the threshold for a 'detection event' more often in clear water. Events were also shorter in duration in turbid water, reducing the time available for a predator to detect the prey. However, during an event, prey were more detectable in warmer water (i.e. the mean magnitude was greater). Although we found no evidence of interactive effects of turbidity and temperature on the response variables, their cumulative main effects suggest an antagonistic effect on the overall rate of prey capture.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.613223
Edward Lavender, Andreas Scheidegger, Carlo Albert, Stanisław Biber, Janine Illian, James Thorburn, Sophie Smout, Helen Moor
1. Particle filters and smoothers are powerful sequential Monte Carlo algorithms used to fit non-linear, non-Gaussian state-space models. These algorithms are well placed to fit process-orientated models to animal-tracking data, especially in autonomous receiver networks, but to date they have received limited attention in the ecological literature. 2. Here, we introduce a Bayesian filtering–smoothing algorithm that reconstructs individual movements and patterns of space use from animal-tracking data, with a focus on passive acoustic telemetry systems. Within a sound probabilistic framework, the methodology uniquely integrates the movement process and the observation processes of disparate datasets, while correctly representing uncertainty. In a comprehensive simulation-based analysis, we compare the performance of our algorithm to the prevailing, heuristic methods used in passive acoustic telemetry systems and analyse algorithm sensitivity. 3. We find the particle smoothing methodology outperforms heuristic methods across the board. Particle-based maps consistently represent simulated movements more accurately, even in dense receiver networks, and are better suited to analyses of home ranges, residency and habitat preferences. 4. This study sets a new state-of-the-art for movement modelling in autonomous receiver networks. Particle algorithms provide a flexible and intuitive modelling framework with potential applications in many ecological settings.
{"title":"Particle algorithms for animal movement modelling in autonomous receiver networks","authors":"Edward Lavender, Andreas Scheidegger, Carlo Albert, Stanisław Biber, Janine Illian, James Thorburn, Sophie Smout, Helen Moor","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.16.613223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.613223","url":null,"abstract":"1.\tParticle filters and smoothers are powerful sequential Monte Carlo algorithms used to fit non-linear, non-Gaussian state-space models. These algorithms are well placed to fit process-orientated models to animal-tracking data, especially in autonomous receiver networks, but to date they have received limited attention in the ecological literature. 2.\tHere, we introduce a Bayesian filtering–smoothing algorithm that reconstructs individual movements and patterns of space use from animal-tracking data, with a focus on passive acoustic telemetry systems. Within a sound probabilistic framework, the methodology uniquely integrates the movement process and the observation processes of disparate datasets, while correctly representing uncertainty. In a comprehensive simulation-based analysis, we compare the performance of our algorithm to the prevailing, heuristic methods used in passive acoustic telemetry systems and analyse algorithm sensitivity. 3.\tWe find the particle smoothing methodology outperforms heuristic methods across the board. Particle-based maps consistently represent simulated movements more accurately, even in dense receiver networks, and are better suited to analyses of home ranges, residency and habitat preferences. 4.\tThis study sets a new state-of-the-art for movement modelling in autonomous receiver networks. Particle algorithms provide a flexible and intuitive modelling framework with potential applications in many ecological settings.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vocalisations play a crucial role in the social systems of many animals, and may inadvertently reveal behavioural characteristics of the sender. Bats, the second largest mammalian order, rely extensively on vocalisations due to their nocturnal lifestyle and complex social systems, making them ideal for studying links between vocalisations and consistent behavioural traits. In this study, we developed a new testing regime to investigate if consistent individual vocalisation differences in nectarivorous bats are associated with specific behavioural types. We exposed 60 wild, male Glossophaga soricina handleyi bats to novel and risky stressors, and assessed their behavioural and vocal responses. Proactive, exploratory, and bold bats were more likely to produce social calls, and among the vocalising bats, more agitated bats produced higher numbers of social calls. We thus show that bat vocalisation behaviour can be indicative of a certain behavioural type, potentially allowing conspecifics to assess personalities from a distance, which in turn could impact subsequent social interactions, group dynamics, and reproductive success. Our results, in combination with previous findings in birds, suggest that advertent or inadvertent long-distance broadcasting of personality may be widespread, thus opening up new exciting questions about the links between vocalisations and sociality.
{"title":"Vocalisations indicate behavioural type in Glossophagine bats","authors":"Theresa Schabacker, Raffaella Castiglione, Lysanne Snijders, Mirjam Knoernschild","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.16.613248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.613248","url":null,"abstract":"Vocalisations play a crucial role in the social systems of many animals, and may inadvertently reveal behavioural characteristics of the sender. Bats, the second largest mammalian order, rely extensively on vocalisations due to their nocturnal lifestyle and complex social systems, making them ideal for studying links between vocalisations and consistent behavioural traits. In this study, we developed a new testing regime to investigate if consistent individual vocalisation differences in nectarivorous bats are associated with specific behavioural types. We exposed 60 wild, male Glossophaga soricina handleyi bats to novel and risky stressors, and assessed their behavioural and vocal responses. Proactive, exploratory, and bold bats were more likely to produce social calls, and among the vocalising bats, more agitated bats produced higher numbers of social calls. We thus show that bat vocalisation behaviour can be indicative of a certain behavioural type, potentially allowing conspecifics to assess personalities from a distance, which in turn could impact subsequent social interactions, group dynamics, and reproductive success. Our results, in combination with previous findings in birds, suggest that advertent or inadvertent long-distance broadcasting of personality may be widespread, thus opening up new exciting questions about the links between vocalisations and sociality.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.609432
Kevin C Zhou, Clare Cook, Archan Chakraborty, Jennifer Bagwell, Joakim Jönsson, Kyung Chul Lee, Xi Yang, Shiqi Xu, Ramana Balla, Mark Harfouche, Donald T Fox, Michel Bagnat, Roarke Horstmeyer
Volumetric fluorescence imaging techniques, such as confocal, multiphoton, light sheet, and light field microscopy, have become indispensable tools across a wide range of cellular, developmental, and neurobiological applications. However, it is difficult to scale such techniques to the large 3D fields of view (FOV), volume rates, and synchronicity requirements for high-resolution 4D imaging of freely behaving organisms. Here, we present reflective Fourier light field computed tomography (ReFLeCT), a new high-speed volumetric fluorescence computational imaging technique. ReFLeCT synchronously captures entire tomograms of multiple unrestrained, unanesthetized model organisms over multi-millimeter 3D FOVs at 120 volumes per second. In particular, we applied ReFLeCT to reconstruct 4D videos of fluorescently labeled zebrafish and Drosophila larvae, enabling us to study their heartbeat, fin and tail motion, gaze, jaw motion, and muscle contractions with nearly isotropic 3D resolution while they are freely moving. As a novel approach for snapshot tomographic capture, ReFLeCT is a major advance towards bridging the gap between current volumetric fluorescence microscopy techniques and macroscopic behavioral imaging.
{"title":"High-speed 4D fluorescence light field tomography of whole freely moving organisms","authors":"Kevin C Zhou, Clare Cook, Archan Chakraborty, Jennifer Bagwell, Joakim Jönsson, Kyung Chul Lee, Xi Yang, Shiqi Xu, Ramana Balla, Mark Harfouche, Donald T Fox, Michel Bagnat, Roarke Horstmeyer","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.16.609432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.609432","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric fluorescence imaging techniques, such as confocal, multiphoton, light sheet, and light field microscopy, have become indispensable tools across a wide range of cellular, developmental, and neurobiological applications. However, it is difficult to scale such techniques to the large 3D fields of view (FOV), volume rates, and synchronicity requirements for high-resolution 4D imaging of freely behaving organisms. Here, we present reflective Fourier light field computed tomography (ReFLeCT), a new high-speed volumetric fluorescence computational imaging technique. ReFLeCT synchronously captures entire tomograms of multiple unrestrained, unanesthetized model organisms over multi-millimeter 3D FOVs at 120 volumes per second. In particular, we applied ReFLeCT to reconstruct 4D videos of fluorescently labeled zebrafish and Drosophila larvae, enabling us to study their heartbeat, fin and tail motion, gaze, jaw motion, and muscle contractions with nearly isotropic 3D resolution while they are freely moving. As a novel approach for snapshot tomographic capture, ReFLeCT is a major advance towards bridging the gap between current volumetric fluorescence microscopy techniques and macroscopic behavioral imaging.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.612561
Jun Ichikawa, Masatoshi Yamada, Keisuke Fujii
A human group shares a common goal and distributes roles to implement activities that are difficult to accomplish alone and higher performance than an individual. In such coordination, nonverbal behavior among three or more members makes it difficult to explain the mechanism because of complex and dynamic interactions. In cognitive science, a crucial role is indicated, which intervenes moderately with others and adjusts the whole balance without interrupting their main smooth interactions, using an experimental task. It suggests that the third role and related playing supports to coordination. This is similar to off-ball movements in team sports, which are not involved directly with the ball and are focused on mainly in sports science because common statistical data do not reflect. A new perspective for discussing coordination has arisen because existing theories, such as synchronization, cannot explain the mentioned role; however, there is room for its usefulness. Therefore, this study applied the experimental findings to the sports field. We designed a 3-on-3 basketball game in which the relevant offensive role is key and introduced it to the practice of the university team as a pilot study. Participants repeatedly engaged in the mini-game, and the playing on the offensive team was compared before and after receiving tips on this role. Consequently, in the bins of the relatively large distance between the participant required in this role and each defensive player, the frequencies after the tips were significantly higher, and the winning rate on the offensive team improved temporarily. It suggests that the spacing skill, which indicates a reasonable distance for intervening with the other offensive players, emerged. This study may provide findings that satisfy usefulness and ecological validity, and make an educational contribution about giving the tips of off-ball movements.
{"title":"Analysis of coordinated group behavior based on role-sharing: Practical application from an experimental task to a 3-on-3 basketball game as a pilot study","authors":"Jun Ichikawa, Masatoshi Yamada, Keisuke Fujii","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.16.612561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.612561","url":null,"abstract":"A human group shares a common goal and distributes roles to implement activities that are difficult to accomplish alone and higher performance than an individual. In such coordination, nonverbal behavior among three or more members makes it difficult to explain the mechanism because of complex and dynamic interactions. In cognitive science, a crucial role is indicated, which intervenes moderately with others and adjusts the whole balance without interrupting their main smooth interactions, using an experimental task. It suggests that the third role and related playing supports to coordination. This is similar to off-ball movements in team sports, which are not involved directly with the ball and are focused on mainly in sports science because common statistical data do not reflect. A new perspective for discussing coordination has arisen because existing theories, such as synchronization, cannot explain the mentioned role; however, there is room for its usefulness. Therefore, this study applied the experimental findings to the sports field. We designed a 3-on-3 basketball game in which the relevant offensive role is key and introduced it to the practice of the university team as a pilot study. Participants repeatedly engaged in the mini-game, and the playing on the offensive team was compared before and after receiving tips on this role. Consequently, in the bins of the relatively large distance between the participant required in this role and each defensive player, the frequencies after the tips were significantly higher, and the winning rate on the offensive team improved temporarily. It suggests that the spacing skill, which indicates a reasonable distance for intervening with the other offensive players, emerged. This study may provide findings that satisfy usefulness and ecological validity, and make an educational contribution about giving the tips of off-ball movements.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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